Which of these locations does not contain motor neurons?
abducens nuclei
trigeminal nuclei
ventral horn
column of clarke
Upper motor neuron type damage results in...
loss of voluntary motor activity with spasticity and loss of reflexes
loss of voluntary motor activity with spasticity and retaining reflexes
loss of voluntary motor activity with flaccidity and retaining reflexes
loss of voluntary motor activity with flaccidity and loss of reflexes
Recovery to damage in upper motor neurons may occur via peripheral nerves.
The outline that surrounds the grey matter of the spinal cord contains axons that connect different levels of the spinal cord is called the....
propriospinal tract
rubrospinal tract
corticospinal tract
interneuronal tract
The axial musculature is innervated by the medial aspect of the ventral horn.
In addition to the neurons for voluntary motor action the spinal cord contains...
central motor programs like locomotion
neurons for myotatic stretch reflex
neurons for flexor withdrawal reflex
all of these
The brainstem contains motor neurons for voluntary control of muscles and reflexes for gagging and coughing.
In what areas are the axons of the corticospinal tract ipsilateral to point of origin?
pyramids
longitudinal fascicles
cerebral peduncle
all of these are ipsilateral
All of the axons of the corticospinal tract cross the midline at the decussation of the pyramids.
Which of these lesions leads to left side paralysis with an increase in muscle tone?
lesion at left pyramid
lesion at left internal capsule
lesion at right ventral horn
lesion at left ventral horn
lesion at left lateral corticospinal tract
A lesions to which of these areas leads to a right side paralysis with a loss of reflexes?
right ventral horn
left ventral root
left pyramid
right lateral corticospinal tract
The right vental corticospinal tract innervates structures on the right side of the body.
Damage to left side ventral horn in spinal level L4 results in damage to...
ipsilateral - flaccidity and paralysis at and below the spinal level
ipsilateral - flaccidity and paralysis at the spinal level
ipsilateral - spasticity and paralysis at and below the spinal level
ipsilateral - spasticity and paralysis at the spinal level
Damage to right lateral cortico-spinal tract results in...
ipsilateral - paralysis and spasticity at and below level of spinal cord
ipsilateral - paralysis and spasticity at level of spinal cord
ipsilateral - paralysis and flaccidity at and below level of spinal cord
ipsilateral - paralysis and flaccidity at level of spinal cord
Which of these is true about about person who has a lesion in the right internal capsule?
when sole of left foot is stroked, person will curl their toes
will have paralysis in axial musculature on left side
will have damage on right lateral ventral horn
will not have damage on right lateral ventral horn
Which of these is not a bulbar spinal pathway?
rostral trigeminal-thalamic path
reticulospinal
medial vestibulo spinal tract
A cut to the pyramids would result in total loss of voluntary control of muscles in the body.
Which of the following structures will be affected if their associated nuclei are damaged unilaterally?
muscles of mastication
muscles that close the eyelid
muscles of the tongue
none of these would be affected
A person that can wrinkly their eyebrows but is unable to move their face on the left side has...
damage in CNS in the right side
damage in PNS in the right side
damage in CNS in left side
damage in PNS in the left side
A person that has facial paralysis on left side from forehead to chin has...
damage to PNS on the left side
damage on PNS on the right side
damage on CNS on the left side
damage on CNS on the right side
A person with a stroke exhibits paralysis on one side of the face from eyes to chin because the upper part of the facial nucleus innervates facial muscles unilaterally.
New and highly skilled motor movement primarily utilize the...
somatosensory cortex
motor cortex
basal ganglia
prefrontal cortex
The cortico-spinal pathway does not originate from the...
premotor cortex
Which of these cortical areas projects to motor cortex during the execution of a movement?
sensory association cortex
parietal cortex
Premotor cortex is also called
area 4
area 6
area 8
area 3, 1, & 2
Prefrontal cortex is also called
area 7
The deliberative thinking of a movement occurs in the...
Which of these is true about cortico-cortico connections?
the premotor cortex works with the prefrontal cortex to send projects down the spinal cord
the somatosensory cortex projects to motor cortex during execution of movement
the prefrontal cortex is responsible for skilled movement
the sensory association cortex projects to premotor areas
Executing behavior...
is caused by projections of the layer 3 pyramidal cells down the spinal cord
is directly caused by projections of layer 5 pyramidal cells
is caused by projections of the layer 5 pyramidal cells to other cortical regions
none of these are true.
