Primary Functions of Respiratory System

Conducting Portion of Respiratory System

Respiratory Portion of the
Respiratory System

Functions of the Nose

Pharynx / Throat

Respiratory Epithelium

irritants cause hyper production of mucus

Lung Lobes

Trachea anterior to oesophagus

trachea extends to:

bronchial tree

Primary Bronchus

Secondary Bronchi

Bronchioles

Parasympathetic system impact on Bronchioles

Sympathetic Nervous System and Adrenaline's impact on bronchioles

Parasympathetic Nervous System affect on ARTERIOLES

Sympathetic and Adrenaline impact on ARTERIOLES

bronchioles are sensitive to local chemicals

Bronchioles are dynamic

bronchopulmonary lobule

terminal bronchiole subdivides;

Alveolar Type 1 Cells (predominant)

Alveolar type 2 Cells (interspersed)

Alveolar Macrophages (move around)

Gas Exchange

Diffusion Barrier

Fick's Law of Diffusion
R inverse to A ΔP / d
or R = D(constant)A ΔP/d

diffusion =

blood supply to respiratory surface

Pleural Membranes / Pleural Sac

parietal pleura

visceral pleura

3 processes of respiration

Pulmonary Ventilation (breathing)

external respiration

Pulmonary Ventilation

Boyle's Law

Pressure differentials created by changes in lung volume

Inhalation

Exhalation

Muscles involved in deep breathing

Intrapleural Pressure

tranpulmonary pressure gradient

intraplueral fluid

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation:
Lung Compliance

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation:
Elastance

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation:
surface tension of alveolar fluid

Airway Resistance

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation:
Pathology - COPD, Emphysema, chronic bronchitis
Cause by inflammatory response by lung;

obstructive diseases

Restrictive Diseases

Lung Volume

vital capacity

Alveolar Ventilation
(takes part in gas exchange)

gas exchange

Fick's Law

Dalton's Law

henry's law

composition of air

pulmonary gas exchange

transport of oxygen