Which requires the largest dose (mg/kg) of premedication?
A friendly, 50 kg Great Dane
An aggressive, 40 kg German Shepard
A friendly, 7 kg westie
An aggressive, 1 kg chihuahua
Premedication is unneeded when an IV catheter is in place.
Which of the following is NOT a reason why premedication is used.
calm, sedate, or tranquilize
smooth induction/recover period
provide analgesia
increase muscle relaxation
increase airway secretions
induce vomiting
Which of the following is an anticholinergic?
Benzodiazepine
Glycopyrrolate
Phenothiazine
guaifenesin
Anticholinergics has a reversible mechanism of action.
Which of the following is NOT a use for anticholinergics?
decrease salivation
decrease respiratory secretions
prevent bradycardia
antihistamine
all of the above are uses for anticholinergics
Which of the following is an effect of atropine?
brachycardia
bronchoconstriction
midriasis
increases GI motility
The duration of atropine is 60-90 minutes.
Atrophine is metabolized in the liver.
Glycopyrrolate crosses the blood brain barrier but not the placenta.
Glycopyrrolate has similar effects to atropine but has a longer onset and duration.
Anticholingergics should not be used in patients with preexisting tachycardia.
Which of the following is NOT a use of acepromazine?
Sedation
antiemetic
antiarrhythmic
All are uses of acepromazine
Acepromazine blocks all of the follow EXCEPT:
The action of serotonin
Apla-1 receptors
Beta-2 receptors
Dopamine receptors in CNS
Which of the following is NOT true about acepromazine?
Acepromazine is a vasodialator
Decreases myocardial sensitization
Decreases PCV, total protein and platelet aggregation
Decreases tachycardia
Acepromazine has minimal respiratory effects.
Acepromazine causes CNS depression and sedation.
Acepromazine provides excellent analgesia.
Acepromazine is contradicted with opioids.
Acepromazine has a long half-life and long duration.
Acepromazine is an antiemetic and should be given 30 minutes before.
Which of the following is NOT a contradiction of acepromazine.
severe liver disease
Hypervolemia
Anemia
Shock
Which of the following is NOT a DISADVANTAGE of acepromazine?
Irreversible
Long lasting
Expensive
It doesn't cause analgesia
Which of the following is NOT a use of benzodiazepines?
Anticonvulsant
Anxiolysis
Deep sedation
Muscle relaxation
What is the mechanism of action for benzodiazepine?
Competitive antagonist of ACh at the muscarinic cholinergic receptors
Block serotonin
Block Alpha-1 receptors
Block Alpha-2 receptors
Block dopamine
Binds to GABA A receptors to increase affinity of GABA
Diazepam has minimal cardiovascular and respiratory effects.
Which drug may cause paradoxical excitement?
Atropine
Acepromazine
Diazepam
Flumazenil
Which benzodiazepines are lipid soluble? (check all that apply)
diazepam
midazolam
zolazepam
Zolazepam is only used in a 12:1 mixture with Tiletamine
Midazolam has a longer duration of action than diazepam.
Metabolism in cats is slower for zolazepam.
Which of the following is FALSE regarding flumazenil?
It is a benzodiazepine antagonist.
It is short acting.
It is inexpensive.
No acute anxiety of evidence of abrupt reversal.
Which are antiarrhythmic?
Phenothiazines
Benzodiazepines
Which are nonreversible?
Which decrease anesthetic requirements?
phenothiazines
benzodiazepines
Which cause muscle relaxation?
Which have minimal cardiopulmonary effects?
Which cause Hypotension and Vasodilation?
Alpha-2 receptor agnoists bind to ____________ receptors to _____________ release of norepinephrine.
presynaptic, increase
presynaptic, decrease
postsynaptic, increase
postsynaptic, decrease
Which of the following is FALSE regarding Alpha-2 agonists?
provide sedation
provide muscle relaxation
cause anxiety
Which of the following is TRUE regarding Alpha-2 receptor agonist cardiovascular effects?
Can cause AV blocks
Causes tachycardia
causes vasodilation
increases cardiac output
Which of the following is FALSE regarding Alpha-2 agonist respiratory effects?
causes peripheral venous desaturation
increases respiratory rate
may decrease tidal volume
has signiscant effects when combined with other sedatives
Which of the following are FALSE regarding Alpha-2 receptor agnoist CNS effects?
can cause personality changes
causes muscle relaxation
dose-independent sedation
provides analgesia
Alpha-2 receptor agonists can cause hyperglycemia.
Alpha-2 agonists increase GI motility.
Alpha-2 receptor agonists are antiemetics.
Alpha-2 receptor agonists decrease urine production.
Alpha-2 agonists cause nasal congestion.
Alpha-2 agonists decrease thermoregulation.
Alpha-2 agonists increase uterine tone.
