FOCUS 3. During the second half of the nineteenth century, the work of Pasteur and Koch and other scientists stimulated the search for microbes as causes of disease

Define antibiotics:

> Syllabus point: Describe the contribution of Pasteur and Koch to our understanding of infectious diseases

True or False: Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch got along very well together.

What did Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch contribute to microbiology?

What was the commonly held belief as the cause for infectious disease, before the work of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch?

True or false: Spontaneous generation is a theory.

What did Louis Pasteur disprove?

What theory did Louis Pasteur establish?

What did the germ theory of disease state?

How did he discover this?

What was his solution to spoilage caused by microbes?

What did he discover? Hint: it has to do with his name.

How did this contribute to microbiology.

What experiment did Louis Pasteur conduct?

Describe the swan neck flask experiment.

What did this prove?

What did Louis Pasteur's swan neck experiment show in relation to air and microbes?

What did Robert Koch do?

What experiment did Robert Koch conduct?

What did Robert Koch determine about specific microorganisms?

What are 'Koch's Postulates' used to identify?

List 'Koch's Postulates'

What is an example of a disease that Robert Koch discovered?

> Syllabus point: Perform an investigation to model Pasteur’s experiment to identify the role of microbes in decay

What was the aim of the experiment conducted to determine that microbes caused decay?

Identify the apparatus in this experiment:

Describe the experiment:

Provide a risk assessment:

Identify the independent variable:

Identify the dependent variable:

Identify controlled variable:

What were the results?

How could you improve validity?

> Syllabus point: Distinguish between:
prions, viruses, bacteria, protozoans, fungi, macro-parasites
and name one example of a disease caused by each type of pathogen

What is a non-cellular life?

What is a cellular life?

What is a eucaryote?

What is a procaryote?

What is a prion?

Provide a examples of diseases caused by a prion pathogen:

Are prions always bad?

Explain how viruses cause disease:

Provide examples of diseases caused by viruses:

True or false: Viruses destroy bacteria in the processes in the body.

Describe bacteria:

Provide examples of disease caused by bacteria.

True or false: Bacterial colonies can be seen in liquid.

What are protozoans?

Provide examples of diseases caused by protozoans:

What is fungi?

Provide examples of diseases emerging from a fungi pathogen.

What are macroparasites?

How do you name pathogens?

> Syllabus point: Gather and process information to trace the historical development of our understanding of the cause and prevention of malaria

What causes malaria?

How is malaria transferred?

How do Anopheles mosquitos infect humans with malaria?

What do Plasmodium sporozoites do?

What happens after 2-4 weeks?

What happens to the merozoites?

In the gut of the female Anopheles mosquito....

When merozoites burst out, what is released and what is its effect?

How often do malaria attacks occur?

How long can a malaria attack last?

What happens after the attack?

What is the most serious type of malaria?

What is the host response when the Plasmodium is in the red blood cells?

Why is it difficult for antibodies to counter malaria?

True of false?
While in the liver, the Plasmodium is isolated from the immune system of the host.

Which three areas have been targeted to prevent Malaria?

How can malaria be treated?

How can malaria be controlled?

Skipped history of Malaria

> Syllabus point: Identify the role of antibiotics in the management of infectious disease

What do antibiotics do?

Provide examples of antibiotics:

QUICK ATTACK QUESTION: Which of the above stated antibiotics is the first discovered antibiotic?

Explain how penicillin acts to destroy bacteria:

Explain how amphotericin acts to destroy bacteria:

Explain how: Erythromycin acts to destroy bacteria:

> Syllabus point: Process information from secondary sources to discuss problems relating to antibiotic resistance

How does antibiotic resistance work?

How does resistance evolve?

What are some practices which contribute to antibiotic resistance of pathogens?

What are the issues with antibiotics?

These resistant infections are highly serious; how can you treat them?