Why do facial lacerations tend to gape (part widely)?

What is the nerve supply of platysma?

What structures pass through the inferior orbital fissure?

The inferior orbital fissure communicates with two fossae. Name these.

The infraorbital nerve is a branch of which nerve?
Where does the infraorbital nerve emerge onto the face?

Which nerve gives rise to the supraorbital nerve?

What might be the signs in the face if the 7th cranial nerve is damaged in its course through the parotid gland?
b) What is the most urgent action that needs to be taken and why?

Which nerve does the corneal reflex test?

The branches of which cranial nerve emerge from the anterior border of the parotid gland?

Auriculotemporal nerve is a branch of?

Describe two sites in the face where arterial pulsation can be readily felt?

Why are pustules of the upper lip dangerous?

Where does the facial artery terminate?

Superficial temporal artery is a branch of?

What is the principle action of the masseter muscle?
b)What is its nerve supply?

In the event of dislocation of the temporomandibular joint, in which direction would you expect the head of the mandible to move?
b) In this instance will the mouth be open or closed?

From the following list, what are the muscles that close the jaw?
Temporalis, Buccinators, Medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid and mylohyoid.

Chorda tympani is a branch of which cranial nerve?
b) From which part of the tongue does it carry taste sensation?
c) What is the nerve which supplies general sensation to this part of the tongue, and which division of the trigeminal is it a branch of?

Which division of the trigeminal nerve has a motor component?

Explain why injury to the mandibular nerve (V3) does not cause paralysis of the entire digastric muscle?

What are the principal actions of sternomastoid, trapezius, and the strap muscles?

How do sternomastoid and scalene anterior contribute to respiration?

Where does cancer of the central part of the lower lip spread to?

Name the group of lymph nodes to which lymph from:
Upper lip and lateral part of the lower lip passes into?
Medial part of the lower lip initially passes into?

The contents of the carotid sheath include all the following structures except:
Common carotid artery
Internal carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Cervical sympathetic chain
Vagus chain

Name the muscle that separates the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck.

What are the spinal nerves that form the cervical plexus?

Physical examination of a patient with a stab injury to the neck reveals that the patient has lost sensation from the skin over the angle of the mandible. Which nerve is most likely damaged?

A woman had a malignant melanoma surgically removed by an extensive surgical dissection. It was located in the skin along the posterior border of right sternomastoid muscle. Later, she noticed that she had trouble coming her hair. She had difficulty in lifting the hairbrush to the top of her head.
What muscle(s) would be involved in the movements with which this patient was having difficulty?
Considering the history of surgery, what structure might have been damaged to produce this condition?

What is the anatomical basis for a swelling in the mid anterior region of the neck, which moves up and down during swallowing?
If this swelling required surgical removal, what other endocrine glands might be inadvertently removed?

Do all the veins draining the thyroid gland drain into the internal jugular vein?

Is the arterial supply to the thyroid gland derived entirely from the external carotid artery?

Name the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery.

Which carotid artery does not have any branches in the neck?

Main contribution to the origin of the phrenic nerve is from which spinal nerve?
What would be the effects of damage to one phrenic nerve?

Internal jugular vein commences as a continuation of which sinus?
Where?

Name the structure that separates the subclavian artery from the subclavian vein at the root of the neck.

Name the cervical vertebra that does not have a body.

Movement occurs between which parts of the first and second cervical vertebrae, when rotating the head?

Describe the consequences that could result from the rupture of the transverse ligament of the atlas as a result of trauma or if weakened by disease?

In the condition called “adenoiditis”:
Which anatomical structure is inflamed?
What effect will it have on air flow?
The breathing will be:
How might it affected the middle ear?

Which anatomical structure is inflamed in the condition commonly known as “tonsillitis”?
Name the two muscles located on either side (anterior and posterior) of this structure.

What is a common site for foreign bodies such as chicken bones and safety pins to become lodged in the throat?

When a foreign body enters the larynx
What happens to the rima glottidis?
Contraction of which muscles brings about this action?
Laryngeal obstruction occurs when a foreign body gets lodged in which part of the larynx?
The rima glottidis is opened by which pair of muscles?

What is the immediate danger to a patient with a crushing injury of the laryngeal skeleton?

A patient complains of a painful swelling occurring during meals, below the right lower border of the mandible. Explain.

What is the function of the hyoglossus muscle?
What is its nerve supply?

What is the function of the chorda tympani nerve?

What is the function of the genioglossus muscle?

What is the clinical importance of paralysis of this muscle in the unconscious patient?

What disability is caused when the lingual frenulum is too large and extends to the tip of the tongue?

When one hypoglossal nerve is damaged:
Which direction does the tongue deviate during protrusion?
What will eventually occur on that side of the tongue?

When pills are placed under the tongue, after dissolving, into which blood vessels does the drug rapidly enter?

Into which lymph nodes do malignant tumours of the posterior third of the tongue metastasis?
Where are these nodes situated?

On anatomical grounds, what might be a common cause of obstruction of the auditory tube in a young child?

On the basis of your anatomical knowledge can you construct a “worst case scenario” string of consequences for a young child who develops obstruction to an auditory tube?

State five regions in which infections of nasal cavities may spread.

Explain why the maxillary sinus is commonly involved in infection.

A young boy presented with severe earache. An otoscopic examination revealed a bulging, inflamed tympanic membrane. His mother told that the boy was recovering from a severed cold and throat infection.
Where do you think the infection was located?
If not adequately treated, where could the ear infection spread?
How could an infection from the throat spread to this location?

A patient who has had a fall presents with “anosmia” during the physical examination. Which bone is most likely to have fractured?

Name the nerve that provides sensory to the posterior part of the hard palate?

What structures pass through:
Optic canal:
Superior orbital fissure:
Inferior orbital fissure:

An eye examination of a patient involved in a motorcycle accident revealed a medial deviation (strabismus) of the right eye. Injury to which cranial nerve could cause this?
Which muscle was paralyzed?

What type of orbital fracture may have occurred in a patient with a history of being hit in the eye with a squash ball?

A patient presents with left eyeball fixed in an abducted and depressed position with the pupil dilated, and drooping left eyelid. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?