Pharmacology

What is the major difference between full and partial agonists?

What happens to competitive antagonists when the agonist concentration is increased?

List some schedule 8 drugs

How might the carcinogenic potential for a new drug first be tested?

What is therapeutic index?

How is therapeutic index measured?

List common parenteral routes of drug administration.

What is steady-state concentration?

Describe pharmacotherapeutic applications w/ eg

Describe pharmacological actions w/ eg

Describe chemical structure w/ eg

Briefly describe FIVE support systems that are designed to allow safe administration of controlled drugs.

Describe the four stages of clinical drug development

What is ARTG Register Classification?

How does the liver excrete drugs?

How do the kidneys excrete drugs?

How will non-competitive antagonism display on a concentration-response curve?

What are the three pharmacokinetics processes that determine how much of a drug reaches its target site of action?

When drugs are administered orally and dosed on a chronic basis, which two pharmacokinetic parameters determine the steady-state concentration?

Which pharmacokinetic parameter is used to calculate the loading dose of a drug?

Drug X is known to prolong gastric emptying time. Would the oral absorption of another drug, such as paracetamol, be faster or slower than if taken with Drug X?

Explain why the oral dose of morphine is about 4 times larger than an intravenous dose.

Drug X is excreted mainly via the urine. What is the main clinical consequence of decreased clearance of drug X by the kidney? What patient factors would be most likely to cause the decrease in clearance by the kidney.

A drug (half life = 6 hours and clearance of 1000 ml/hour) is administered as 600 mg intravenously every 6 hours.
A. At what time will steady-state concentrations be reached?
B. If the dose rate does not change but the clearance is halved, what happens to steady-state concentration?

How is new dose rate calculated?

If clearance decreases, half life increases.

How might liver disease affect dosage requirements of high first pass drugs?

List five factors to consider when dosing for elderly patients.

State the main factor to consider when dosing for paediatric patients.

What effects can drugs have during different stages of pregnancy?

What is a category A drug?

What is a category B1 drug?

What is a category B2 drug?

What is a category B3 drug?

What is a category C drug?

What is a category D drug?

What is a category X drug?

List three factors to consider when dosing in pregnancy.

Define pharmacogenetics

List three genetic factors that can vary to affect response to drugs

What is CYP2D6? How may pharmagogenetics affect this?

What is OATP1B1? How may pharmacogenetics affect this?

How can a patient with gene mutations be dosed?

What is TPMT?

Name the four regulatory proteins targeted by drug therapy.

What is one carrier protein targeted by drug therapy?

Name 4 receptor types targeted by drug therapy.

Describe ligand gated ion channels.

Describe g-protein coupled receptors

List 5 g-protein coupled receptors

Describe enzyme linked tyrosine kinase receptors

Describe nuclear receptors

Give two examples of ion channels being targeted in drug therapy.

What does an agonist do?

What does an antagonist do?

Define affinity, efficacy, tolerance and tachyphylaxis

Define desensitisation, up-regulation and down-regulation

Describe drug CR curve

Define Emax

Define and explain volume of distribution.

Describe S2, S3, S4, S8.

Define dependence

Define opoid

Define benzodiazapines

Name two drugs derived from natural sources

Explain HTS in drug development

Notes on pre-clinical testing

4 phases of clinical drug development

Describe S5, S6, S7 and S9 drug classification

List everything that must feature on prescriptions

EC50

Determine maintenance dose rate (mg/hr)

Determine concentration

What is t1/2 and how is it calculated?

Determine loading dose (mg)

Determine kidney disease dose

4 manufacturer instructions for the storage and handling of drugs

Define hazard

Define Risk assessment

Define risk

Define alimentary route

Name the two routes of biological hazards

Cytotoxic drugs

When may exposure to cytotoxic drugs occur?

Steps in risk management

Define standard operating procedures (SOPs)

How to limit exposure to drugs during preparation

List 4 tips to limit exposure to drugs

What categories are blood and body fluid exposure divided into?

Most common mucocutaneous fluids and body surface exposed

Most common percutaneous exposure

Management of NSI/sharps injury

Management of mucous membrane contamination

Nurse's role in disposal of medication

What are the NPS 4 steps of medication management?

study medication management cycle and medication chart from second week 11 lecture on med management

How many regular drugs are patients normally on?

Review drug errors percentages

How many PRN medicines have an unclear abbreviation?

Type A - augmented
Type B - bizarre

Who is at risk of having an adverse drug reaction?

What are the clinical signs of someone experiencing an ADR?

Describe the biological hazards that can occur when administering medicines.

Describe three of commonly used approaches when dealing with a non-cooperative patient refusing to take medication

What criteria is NOT preferred with regard to a newly developed drug

The first human (clinical) studies for a new drug to treat high blood pressure would be best performed in?

What criteria is preferred with regard to a newly developed drug? (3 things)

Digoxin is a drug with a narrow therapeutic index.
A. Define the therapeutic index of a drug.
B. What is the clinical consequence of giving a dose of digoxin that results in plasma concentrations above the therapeutic range?

What are the three pharmacokinetics processes that determine how much of a drug reaches its target site of action?

When drugs are administered orally and dosed on a chronic basis, which two pharmacokinetic parameters determine the steady-state concentration?

Which pharmacokinetic parameter is used to calculate the loading dose of a drug?

Drug X is known to prolong gastric emptying time. Would the oral absorption of another drug, such as paracetamol, be faster or slower than if taken with Drug X?

Explain why the oral dose of morphine is about 4 times larger than an intravenous dose.

Drug X is excreted mainly via the urine. What is the main clinical consequence of decreased clearance of drug X by the kidney? What patient factors would be most likely to cause the decrease in clearance by the kidney.

A drug (half life = 6 hours and clearance of 1000 ml/hour) is administered as 600 mg intravenously every 6 hours.
A. At what time will steady-state concentrations be reached?
B: If the dose rate does not change but the clearance is halved, what happens to steady-state concentration?

Drug A and Drug B have the same drug target and each causes dry mouth as an adverse effect. What is the main clinical consequence of an interaction when Drug A and B are used together?

Which of the following foods: milk, grapefruit juice, yoghurt, potatoes can alter
A: the absorption of drugs
B: the bioavailability of drugs

What additional requirements for prescribing, storage and dispensing of S8 controlled drugs such as morphine are needed?

What patients are at a higher risk of experiencing an adverse drug reaction and what are the clinical signs of someone experiencing an adverse drug reaction?

Describe the biological hazards that can occur when administering medicines and how?

List a few chemical-drug interactions that cause drug dosing to have to change

Discuss enzyme induction

Discuss enzyme inhibition

Give an example of a strong herbal liver drug enzyme inducer and explain its effects with an example

Give an example of an oral absorption interaction

Give an example of a food-drug interaction

Give an example of an environment-drug interaction

Explain pharmacodynamic mechanisms of drug interactions

How might drug-drug interactions affect an organ?

List some features found with product information of a drug

What details must a prescription feature?

What additional information must feature on a prescription for a controlled drug?

What is the role of the pharmacist when dispensing medication?

What details are recorded in a controlled drug log book?

What is the difference between an adverse drug event, an adverse drug reaction, and a side effect?

Types of ADR

Frequency definitions

Common causes of non-compliance

Risk factors for patient being noncooperative

What to do when a pt refuses medication

Types of IV therapy