to imbue objects with a certain meaning that is different from their original meaning or function.

a work of art, such as a story or painting, in which the characters, images, and/or events act as symbols.

used to reference another object outside of the work of literature. The object can be a real or fictional person, event, quote, or other work of artistic expression.

is the juxtaposition of a set of seemingly contradictory concepts that reveal a hidden and/or unexpected truth.