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Psychology

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Memory

Questão 1 de 29

1

Who invented the multi-store model?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Atkinson and Shiffrin

  • Milgram

  • Shea

Explicação

Questão 2 de 29

1

What does the multi-store model suggest?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • memory consists of a central executive which controls and coordinates the operation of two subsystems: the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketch pad.

  • Memory is made up of a series of stores

Explicação

Questão 3 de 29

1

In the multi-store model, Information is detected by the sense organs and enters the...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • sensory memory

  • short term memory

  • long-term memory

Explicação

Questão 4 de 29

1

In the multi-store model, after information enters the sensory memory; if attended to this information enters the...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • short term memory

  • long-term memory

  • Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad

  • phonological loop

Explicação

Questão 5 de 29

1

In the multi-store model, if information from the STM is is rehearsed it's transferred to the...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • sensory memory

  • long-term memory

  • articulatory control process

Explicação

Questão 6 de 29

1

In the multi-store model, If rehearsal does not occur, then information is...

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Remembered in STM

  • Forgotten

  • Remembered in LTM

Explicação

Questão 7 de 29

1

In the multi-store model, what is the duration of sensory memory?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 1/4 to 1/2 second

  • 1/5 to 1 second

Explicação

Questão 8 de 29

1

In the multi-store model what is the duration of Short Term Memory?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 0-10 seconds

  • 0-18 seconds

  • 5 minutes

Explicação

Questão 9 de 29

1

In the multi-store model, what is the capacity of the Short Term Memory?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 7 +/- 2 items

  • 10+/-3 items

  • 2+/-3 items

Explicação

Questão 10 de 29

1

In the multi-store model, how is information encoded in the STM?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • mainly auditory

  • mainly semantic

Explicação

Questão 11 de 29

1

In the multi-store model, what is the capacity of the LTM?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Unlimited

  • 100 items

  • 200 items

Explicação

Questão 12 de 29

1

In the multi-store model, what is the duration of the LTM?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 30 minutes

  • Unlimited

  • 4 hours

  • 20 hours

Explicação

Questão 13 de 29

1

In the multi-store model, how is information ended in the LTM?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • mainly auditory

  • mainly semantic (but can be visual and auditory)

Explicação

Questão 14 de 29

1

What are strengths of the multi-store model?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • The model can account for primacy & recency effects.

  • Applies to real life tasks: reading (phonological loop), problem solving (central executive), navigation (visual and spatial processing)

  • The model is influential as it has generated a lot of research into memory.

  • The model makes sense of a range of tasks - verbal reasoning, comprehension, reading, problem solving and visual and spatial processing.

  • The model is supported by studies of amnesiacs: For example the HM case study.

  • Supported by dual task studies.

  • Does not over emphasize the importance of rehearsal for STM retention

Explicação

Questão 15 de 29

1

What are weaknesses of the multi-store model?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • The model is oversimplified, both short-term and long-term memory are more complicated that previously thought.

  • There is little direct evidence for how the central executive works and what it does. The capacity of the central executive has never been measured.

  • The model suggests rehearsal helps to transfer information into LTM but this is not essential.

  • Does not explain changes in processing ability that occur as the result of practice or time.

  • The models main emphasis was on structure and tends to neglect the process elements of memory (e.g. it only focuses on attention and rehearsal).

Explicação

Questão 16 de 29

1

Who invented the working memory model?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Baddeley and Hitch

  • Atkinson and Shiffrin

  • Milgram

Explicação

Questão 17 de 29

1

What does the working memory model say?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Instead of all information going into one single store, there are different systems for different types of information.

  • Memory is made up of a series of stores.

Explicação

Questão 18 de 29

1

What is the Central Executive?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Drives the whole system and allocates data to the subsystems. It also deals with cognitive tasks such as mental arithmetic and problem solving.

  • Part of working memory that deals with spoken and written material. It can be used to remember a phone number. It consists of two parts

  • Stores and processes information in a visual or spatial form.

Explicação

Questão 19 de 29

1

What is the Central Executive?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Drives the whole system and allocates data to the subsystems. It also deals with cognitive tasks such as mental arithmetic and problem solving.

  • Part of working memory that deals with spoken and written material. It can be used to remember a phone number. It consists of two parts

  • Stores and processes information in a visual or spatial form.

Explicação

Questão 20 de 29

1

What is the Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Stores and processes information in a visual or spatial form, used for navigation.

  • Part of working memory that deals with spoken and written material. It can be used to remember a phone number. It consists of two parts

  • Drives the whole system and allocates data to the subsystems.

Explicação

Questão 21 de 29

1

What is the phonological loop?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Part of working memory that deals with spoken and written material. It can be used to remember a phone number.

  • Stores and processes information in a visual or spatial form.

Explicação

Questão 22 de 29

1

What was the aim of Baddeley and Hitch's study (1976)?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • To investigate if participants can use different parts of working memory at the same time.

  • To investigate if people would obey authority and shock people to a harmful shock that would kill them.

  • To investigate if participants can use two parts of their brain at the same time.

Explicação

Questão 23 de 29

1

Participants were asked to perform two tasks at the same time (dual task technique) - a digit span task which required them to repeat a list of numbers, and a verbal reasoning task which required them to answer true or false to various questions (e.g. B is followed by A?). Who conducted this experiment?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Baddeley and Hitch

  • Atkinson and Shiffrin

  • Harry Harlow

Explicação

Questão 24 de 29

1

What is the episodic buffer?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Acts as a 'backup' store which communicates with both long term memory and the components of working memory.

  • Linked to speech perception Holds information in speech-based form (i.e. spoken words) for 1-2 seconds.

  • Linked to speech production. Used to rehearse and store verbal information from the phonological store.

Explicação

Questão 25 de 29

1

What are strengths of the working memory model?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • It makes sense of a range of tasks - verbal reasoning, comprehension, reading, problem solving and visual and spatial processing.

  • The working memory applies to real life tasks: reading (phonological loop), problem solving (central executive), navigation (visual and spatial processing)

  • The HM case study.

  • The KF Case Study.

  • Does not over emphasize the importance of rehearsal for STM retention.

Explicação

Questão 26 de 29

1

What are strengths of the working memory model?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • It makes sense of a range of tasks - verbal reasoning, comprehension, reading, problem solving and visual and spatial processing.

  • The working memory applies to real life tasks: reading (phonological loop), problem solving (central executive), navigation (visual and spatial processing)

  • The HM case study.

  • The KF Case Study.

  • Does not over emphasize the importance of rehearsal for STM retention.

Explicação

Questão 27 de 29

1

What are weaknesses of the working memory model?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • There is little direct evidence for how the central executive works and what it does.

  • The capacity of the central executive has never been measured.

  • It is not a comprehensive model of memory

  • The model is oversimplified.

  • Neglects the process elements of memory.

  • Does not explain changes in processing ability that occur as the result of practice or time.

Explicação

Questão 28 de 29

1

What are weaknesses of the working memory model?

Selecione uma ou mais das seguintes:

  • There is little direct evidence for how the central executive works and what it does.

  • The capacity of the central executive has never been measured.

  • It is not a comprehensive model of memory

  • The model is oversimplified.

  • Neglects the process elements of memory.

  • Does not explain changes in processing ability that occur as the result of practice or time.

Explicação

Questão 29 de 29

1

Who investigated the capacity of short term memory?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Baddeley and Hitch

  • Atkinson and Shiffrin

  • Miller

Explicação

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