MULTIPLE CHOICE OF LOCOMOTION

Questão 1 de 120

1

Motion of condylar joint and example

Selecione uma das seguintes:

uniaxial and femorotibial joint
uniaxial and elbow joint
biaxial and elbow joint
multiaxial and shoulder/hip joint
multiaxial and stifle joint

Explicação

Questão 2 de 120

1

Label 1-7

Selecione uma das seguintes:

1. compact bone 2. periosteum 3. fibrous layer 4. synovial membrane 5. articular cartilage 6. meniscus 7. joint cavity
1. compact bone 2. periosteum 3. meniscus 4. synovial membrane 5. articular cartilage 6. fibrous layer 7. joint cavity
1. compact bone 2. periosteum 3. fibrous layer 4. joint cavity 5. articular cartilage 6. meniscus 7. Synovial membrane
1. compact bone 2. periosteum 3. fibrous layer 4. synovial membrane 5. meniscus 6. articular cartilage 7. joint cavity
1. compact bone 2. periosteum 3. fibrous layer 4. plasma membrane 5. articular cartilage 6. meniscus 7. joint cavity

Explicação

Questão 3 de 120

1

The mature neutrophil in mammalian blood smear can be distinguished from other cells by the presence of at least one very distinctive feature unique to this cell type. Which one of the following features best fits that description?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Its relatively small cell size
The presence of most lobulated nucleus
The presence of granules in its cytoplasm.
The absence of granules in its cytoplasm.
The eccentric location of the nucleus within the cell.

Explicação

Questão 4 de 120

1

The mature erythrocyte in a mammalian blood smear can be easily distinguished from all other cells by the presence of one of the most distinctive features unique to this cell type. Which one of the following features best fits this description?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

The absence of a nucleus.
The presence of a lobulated nucleus
Basophilic staining
The presence of granules.
By very small numbers of this cell type in the blood smear

Explicação

Questão 5 de 120

1

Which one of the following five histological features best characterizes the loose connective tissue?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Lack of much ground substance
Abundance of collagen fibres
Abundance of ground substance
Abundance of elastic fibres
Abundance of reticular fibres

Explicação

Questão 6 de 120

1

Which one of the following five features best characterizes the stratified squamous epithelium?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Cells in all layers are squamous in shape and size.
Only cells in deeper layers are squamous in shape and size.
Cells in basal layers are cuboidal.
Only cells in superficial layers are squamous in shape and size.
Cells in basal layers are columnar.

Explicação

Questão 7 de 120

1

Some animals in a herd of cattle may suffer from myophosphorylase deficiency. Which of the following five laboratory tests would best confirm your diagnosis?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

histochemical test myophosphorylase activity
Haematoxylin & Eosin stain
Electron microscopic analysis
in situ hybridisation for myophosphorylase enzyme
immunohistochemical test for myophosphorylase protein

Explicação

Questão 8 de 120

1

Which of the following correctly explains the mechanism by which a change in intracellular calcium concentration enables muscle contraction in skeletal muscle?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Calcium enters the fibre via T tubules and binds to troponin C
Calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum induces a conformational change in the tropomyosin-troponin complex
Calcium activates the ATPase enzyme on the myosin head
Calcium is taken up into the sarcoplasmic reticulum by an ATPase pump and then binds to the ryanodine receptor which activates actin
Cell membrane depolarisation activates a sodium –calcium exchanger which induces the power stroke by enhancing metabolism of ADP

Explicação

Questão 9 de 120

1

Which of the following is a correct definition of a motor unit?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A motor neurone and the muscle fibres it innervates
All muscle fibres of the same fibre type
Muscle fibres within a single fascicle
A sarcomere
A single muscle fibre

Explicação

Questão 10 de 120

1

Which of the following statements below concerning these two muscles is correct, assuming they are both of equal volume ?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Muscle A contracts at a slower rate than muscle B
Muscle B can generate a higher amount of force than muscle A.
Muscle A can generate a higher amount of force than muscle B.
Muscles such as A tend to be associated with long elastic energy storing tendons
Muscle B is more powerful than muscle A

Explicação

Questão 11 de 120

1

Complete the following sentence with the best match from below. “The mechanism by which horses protract their limbs…..”

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Involves the brachiocephalicus muscle
Involves muscles that can contract to produce high amounts of muscle power
Uses elastic energy storage during stance in order to increase the shortening rate of the muscle- tendon unit during swing
Uses elastic energy storage to ensure limb protraction does not require large amounts of energy
Differs from that of other fast cursors

Explicação

Questão 12 de 120

1

The fascicles that form the hierarchical structure of tendon and ligaments are composed mainly of

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Endotenon
Proteoglycans
Collagen type I
Crimp pattern
Collagen type III

Explicação

Questão 13 de 120

1

The graph below shows a typical stress-strain relationship for a tendon loaded to failure. The area under the curve (shown by vertical lines) represents

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Heat loss with loading
Heat gain with loading
Stiffness of the tissue
Energy to failure of the tissue
Energy produced in total

Explicação

Questão 14 de 120

1

In which layer of the epidermis are melanocyte cell bodies usually present in pigmented skin?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

S. corneum
s. basale
S. lucidum
s. granulosum
s. spinosum

Explicação

Questão 15 de 120

1

Which statement best describes the sebaceous gland?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Cells exhibit holocrine secretion and gland opens on to hair follicle
Cells exhibit merocrine secretion and gland opens on to skin surface
Cells exhibit apocrine secretion and gland opens on to skin surface
Cells exhibit merocrine secretion and gland opens on to hair follicle
Cells exhibit holocrine excretion and gland opens on to skin surface

Explicação

Questão 16 de 120

1

Which of the following best describes changes in chondrocyte behaviour during the endochondral ossification process?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Resting, maturation, proliferation, hypertrophy and death
Resting, proliferation, maturation, hypertrophy and death
Resting, hypertrophy, proliferation, maturation and death
Resting, proliferation, hypertrophy, maturation and death
Resting, maturation, hypertrophy, proliferation and death

Explicação

Questão 17 de 120

1

Which of the following best describes the relative abundance of these components in fresh articular cartilage?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Water > type II collagen > proteoglycan > hyaluronan
Water > proteoglycan > type II collagen > hyaluronan
Type II collagen > water > proteoglycan > hyaluronan
Proteoglycan > water > type II collagen > hyaluronan
Hyaluronan > water > proteoglycan > type II collagen

Explicação

Questão 18 de 120

1

The predominant collagen fibre type in hyaline cartilage and bone are, respectively:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

III and II
II and III
I and II
II and I

Explicação

Questão 19 de 120

1

Which component of hyaline cartilage is responsible for retaining the large quantities of water?
Water
Collagens
Proteoglycans
Chondrocytes
Other proteins

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Collagen
Chondrocytes
Proteoglycan
Other
None of the above

Explicação

Questão 20 de 120

1

A neurone:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

has the capacity of self – replication by mitotic cell division
has Nissl substance distributed uniformly throughout the cell body
always presents multiple dendrites, which are of a branched pattern
always presents one single axone, which is branched in tree-like fashion termination
has a single axone process which may measure up to a metre or more in length

Explicação

Questão 21 de 120

1

Which of the following are not correctly paired in terms of structure and function?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Neurilemmal cell/myelination of axone processes in peripheral nervous system
Astrocyte/blood-brain barrier
Satellite cell/lining of cavities (ventricles) of brain
Oligodendrocyte/myelination of axone processes in central nervous system
Microglia/phagocytosis

Explicação

Questão 22 de 120

1

A synapse:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

occurs between one neurone and another neurone or multiple neurones and always results in excitation of these
involves a synaptic delay of approximately 0.5 – 1.0 milliseconds
occurs between one neurone and muscle tissue and can only result in excitation of the muscle tissue
is always mediated by acetylcholine
involves a partial fusion of cell membranes

Explicação

Questão 23 de 120

1

A ganglion:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

can occur in CNS or PNS
is always a collection of cell bodies of pseudounipolar neurones
is always a collection of cell bodies of sensory (afferent) neurones
is always a site of synapse
may be large enough to see at naked-eye level

Explicação

Questão 24 de 120

1

The navicular bone:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

is otherwise termed the proximal sesamoid bone
lies within the deep digital flexor tendon
articulates with both the middle and distal phalanges at the distal interphalangeal joint
is palpable at the bulbs of the heel
is attached proximally to the distal divisions of the suspensory ligament

Explicação

Questão 25 de 120

1

A ”low palmar digital nerve block” in the forelimb:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

blocks nerve fibres derived from only the median nerve.
desensitises ALL structures within the hoof
is performed midway between the fetlock joint and the coronary band
involves blocking the medial and lateral palmar digital nerves
is a “4 point” block

Explicação

Questão 26 de 120

1

Coactivation is the stimulation of lower motoneurons by the upper motor neurons resulting into.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Activation of gamma motoneurons to extrafusal fibres
Activation of alpha motoneurons to intrafusal fibres
Activation of both alpha and gamma motoneurons to extrafusal fibres and intrafusal fibres respectively.
Activation on gamma motoneurons causing the muscle spindles to relax.

Explicação

Questão 27 de 120

1

In crossed-extensor reflex sensory inputs are relayed to the spinal cord and to the interneurons. The interneurons respond by sending inhibitory and facilitatory motor response:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

causing the extensor muscles in the affected limb to relax and flexor muscles to contract while both extensor and flexor muscles in the contralateral side relax.
causing the extensor muscles in the affected limb (ispilateral) to relax and flexor muscles to contract while extensor muscles in contralateral side relax and flexor muscles contract.
causing the extensor muscles in the affected limb to relax and flexor muscles to contract while both extensor and flexor muscles in the contralateral side to contract.
causing the extensor muscles in the affected limb (ispilateral) to relax and flexor muscles to contract while extensor muscles in contralateral side contract and flexor muscles to relax.

Explicação

Questão 28 de 120

1

Motion of hinge joint and example

Selecione uma das seguintes:

multiaxial and intercarpal joint
uniaxial and femorotibial joint
multtaxial and shoulder joint
uniaxial and elbow joint

Explicação

Questão 29 de 120

1

Motion of ball and socket joint and example

Selecione uma das seguintes:

uniaxial and elbow joint
uniaxial and femorotibial joint
multiaxial and shoulder/hip joint
biaxial and radiocarpal joint

Explicação

Questão 30 de 120

1

Motion of plane joint and example

Selecione uma das seguintes:

biaxial and radiocarpal joint
multiaxial and intercarpal joint
uniaxial and atlantoaxial joint
multiaxial and shoulder/hip joint

Explicação

Questão 31 de 120

1

Motion of elipsoidal joint and example

Selecione uma das seguintes:

uniaxial and atlantoaxial joint
biaxial and distal interphalangeal joint
multiaxial and intercarpal joint
biaxial and radiocarpal joint

Explicação

Questão 32 de 120

1

Motion of pivot joint and example

Selecione uma das seguintes:

biaxial and distal interphalangeal joint
biaxial and radiocarpal joint
uniaxial and atlantoaxial joint
multiaxial and intercarpal joint

Explicação

Questão 33 de 120

1

Motion of saddle joint and example

Selecione uma das seguintes:

biaxial and distal interphalangeal joint
multiaxial and intercarpal joint
biaxial and radiocarpal joint
uniaxial and femorotibial joint

Explicação

Questão 34 de 120

1

Define the joint cavity structure

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A plate of fibrocartilage
space unique to synovial joint
inner lining of fibrous layer
A structure found in only elastic cartilage
A structure found in only friborus cartilage

Explicação

Questão 35 de 120

1

The synovial membrane is highly vascularised

Selecione uma das opções:

VERDADEIRO
FALSO

Explicação

Questão 36 de 120

1

What is the meniscus

Selecione uma das seguintes:

plate of elastic cartilage
sesamoid bone
plate of fibrocartilage
phagocytic cells found in bone
a ligament

Explicação

Questão 37 de 120

1

What does the meniscus partially or fully divide

Selecione uma das seguintes:

a joint cavity
a tendon at its insertion site
blood vessels and bone
articular cartiulage

Explicação

Questão 38 de 120

1

What is the fibrous layer in joints

Selecione uma das seguintes:

a layer of bone
white/yellow elastic fibrous part of joint capsule which attaches to the periosteum
a layer of cartilage
substance made up of type 3 collagen

Explicação

Questão 39 de 120

1

What is the periosteum structurally?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

form of hyaline cartilage
a segment of primary osteon
the extracellular matrix of bone
fibrous covering around bone

Explicação

Questão 40 de 120

1

What best describes the function of the periosteum?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Articulation surface between joints
Bone growth, repair, nutrition, ligament/tendon attachment
a structure to allow endochondral ossification
a reservoir for osteoblast cells

Explicação

Questão 41 de 120

1

What is the major constituent of tendon?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

water
type 2 collagen
type 1 collagen
proteoglycans
hyaluronic acid

Explicação

Questão 42 de 120

1

The types of cartilaginous joints

Selecione uma das seguintes:

synchondrosis and symphysis
sutures, syndesmoses and gomphosis
sutures, syndesmoses, symphysis and gomphosis
symphysis and syndesmoses
synchondrosis and gomphosis

Explicação

Questão 43 de 120

1

Which one of these is not typically present in synovial fluid?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

water
hyaluronic acid
glycoproteins
surface active phospholids
Type A mononuclear leukocytes
Glucose and electrolytes
Platelets

Explicação

Questão 44 de 120

1

The types of dense fibrous joints

Selecione uma das seguintes:

synchondrosis and symphysis
sutures, syndesmoses and gomphosis
sutures and synchondrosis
Gomphosis, synchondrosis and symphysis
Gomphosis, synchondrosis , syndesmoses and symphysis

Explicação

Questão 45 de 120

1

What cells produce synovial fluid

Selecione uma das seguintes:

type A fibroblasts
chondrocytes
type B fibroblasts
osteoblasts
erythrocytes

Explicação

Questão 46 de 120

1

How many chondrocytes are found in lacunae

Selecione uma das seguintes:

1
5
2-4 (usually in pairs)
6
none

Explicação

Questão 47 de 120

1

Define Wolff's law

Selecione uma das seguintes:

bone will arrange randomly
bone only arranges in places it is needed

Explicação

Questão 48 de 120

1

Describe remodelling

Selecione uma das seguintes:

bone resorption by osteoclasts followed by deposition of osteoid by osteoblasts
only osteoblast depositon
only osteoclast resorption
bone resorption by osteoblasts followed by deposition of osteoid by osteoclasts

Explicação

Questão 49 de 120

1

Describe modelling

Selecione uma das seguintes:

the degradation of bone
a process to arrange collagen firbres
the growth of bone and change in bone shape due to bone deposition and or resporption
osteoblast and osteoclast activity to repair fatigue damage but no change in bone shape

Explicação

Questão 50 de 120

1

What does intramembranous ossification form

Selecione uma das seguintes:

flat bones and skulls
bones with articulations
cartilage
mesenchyme

Explicação

Questão 51 de 120

1

what best describes the process of intramembranous ossification

Selecione uma das seguintes:

direct replacement of mesenchyme with bone
the formation of new haversion systems containing blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves
the generation of bone by osteoblast cells
only occurs to repair fatigue damage

Explicação

Questão 52 de 120

1

What do primary and secondary osteons form

Selecione uma das seguintes:

new haversion systems containing blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves
bone
cartilage
blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves
articulations

Explicação

Questão 53 de 120

1

what cells are involved in primary osteons

Selecione uma das seguintes:

osteoblasts
osteoclasts and osteoblasts
osteoclasts, osteoblasts and chondrocytes
osteoclasts

Explicação

Questão 54 de 120

1

where does primary osteons form

Selecione uma das seguintes:

surface of bone generating smooth channels
fibrocartilage
pre-existing bone from inside
surface of hyaline cartilage

Explicação

Questão 55 de 120

1

What cells are involved in secondary osteons

Selecione uma das seguintes:

osteoclasts and osteoblasts
osteoblasts
osteoclasts
chondrocytes

Explicação

Questão 56 de 120

1

where does secondary osteons take place

Selecione uma das seguintes:

pre-existing bone from inside
surface of bone and smooth
cartilage
blood vessels

Explicação

Questão 57 de 120

1

What shape are osteoblasts and where are they present

Selecione uma das seguintes:

simple cells with bone extracellular matrix
multinuclear cells on surface of bone
squamous cells on surface of bone
cuboidal cells on the surface of bone

Explicação

Questão 58 de 120

1

Function of osteoblasts

Selecione uma das seguintes:

secrete osteoid and signal osteoclasts for resorption/secretion balance
resorb bone matrix by secreting HCl and proteases
cell body in lacunae which detect microdamage and attract osteoclasts

Explicação

Questão 59 de 120

1

Shape of osteoclasts and where they are present

Selecione uma das seguintes:

multinuclear cells on surface of bone
cuboidal cells on the surface of bone
simple cells within bone extracellular matrix
squamous cells on surface of bone
multinuclear cells bone extracellular matrix

Explicação

Questão 60 de 120

1

Function of osteoclasts

Selecione uma das seguintes:

secrete osteoid and signal osteoclasts for resorption/secretion balance
resorb bone matrix by secreting HCl and proteases
cell body in lacunae which detect microdamage and attract osteoclasts

Explicação

Questão 61 de 120

1

Function of osteocytes

Selecione uma das seguintes:

cell body in lacunae which detect microdamage and attract osteoclasts
resorb bone matrix by secreting HCl and proteases
secrete osteoid and signal osteoclasts for resorption/secretion balance

Explicação

Questão 62 de 120

1

What best describe tendons functional organisation of collagen

Selecione uma das seguintes:

crimp structure
chain structure
elongated fibers running parrallel
random arrangement

Explicação

Questão 63 de 120

1

Where are tenocytes located?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

blood plasma
elongated in chains between collage fibres
adipose tissue
CNS
PNS

Explicação

Questão 64 de 120

1

Collagen synthesis involves?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

triple helix of polypeptide chains translated as procollagen and cleaved into collagen
double helix of polypeptide chains translated as procollagen and cleaved into collagen
triple helix of polypeptide chains translated as collagen
procollagen and glycosylated into collagen

Explicação

Questão 65 de 120

1

Work=?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

force x time
force x distance and power x time
distance/ force
power x distance

Explicação

Questão 66 de 120

1

Power=?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

work / time
force x distance
time x force
distance x work

Explicação

Questão 67 de 120

1

What do short fibers at an angle increase

Selecione uma das seguintes:

physiological cross sectional area
tension
strength
power

Explicação

Questão 68 de 120

1

Best description for large moment arms

Selecione uma das seguintes:

low force to lift larger loads with small motion and lower velocity
large force required to lift larger loads with large motion with high velocity

Explicação

Questão 69 de 120

1

Best description for small moment arms

Selecione uma das seguintes:

large force required to lift larger loads with large motion and high velocity
lower force required to lift larger loads with small motion and low velocity

Explicação

Questão 70 de 120

1

The name for muscle cells

Selecione uma das seguintes:

muscle fibre
myofibrils
myofilaments

Explicação

Questão 71 de 120

1

What process involves the formation of syncitical structure formed by union of several embyonic myoblast cells which fuse to form a multinuclear cells

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Myogenesis
Muscle cell atrophy
Sarcomere increase

Explicação

Questão 72 de 120

1

The properties of a cardiac cell

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Uninucleated
Branched
Central nuclei
All of the answers
Striated

Explicação

Questão 73 de 120

1

Which one of these properties would not be attributed to smooth muscle cells

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Branched
Central nuclei
Uninucleated
Unicellular

Explicação

Questão 74 de 120

1

Which one of these properties are not attributed to skeletal muscle cells

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Striated
Multicellular
Nuclei at periphery
Central nuceli
Multinuclear

Explicação

Questão 75 de 120

1

What is the excitatory neurotransmitter of skeletal muscle

Selecione uma das seguintes:

acetylcholine
somatostatin
GABA
histamine
tryptamine

Explicação

Questão 76 de 120

1

The muscle cells which are slow oxidative with low myosin ATPase activity, fatigue resistant, high oxidative ability and stain light

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Type 1 muscle fibres
Type 2a muscle fibres
Type 2b muscle fibres

Explicação

Questão 77 de 120

1

The muscle cells which have high myosin ATPase activity, high oxidative and glycolytic capacity

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Type 2a muscle fibres
Type 1 muscle fibres
Type 2b muscle fibres

Explicação

Questão 78 de 120

1

The muscle cells with high myosin ATPase activity, high glycolytic ability, fatigue easily and stain dark

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Type 2b muscle fibres
Type 2a muscle fibres
Type 1 muscle fibres

Explicação

Questão 79 de 120

1

Alpha dystroglycan and integrins are molecules involved with

Selecione uma das seguintes:

endomysium to muscle fibre cytoskeleton
epimysium to perimysium
endomysium to perimyium
epimysium to fascia

Explicação

Questão 80 de 120

1

The innervation ratio of muscles is best described as?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

the number of muscle fibres innervated by a single motor unit
the contractile force generated from a singular molar of neurotransmitter
the concentration of neurotransmitter required for contraction
the total number of depolarization of a motor neuron to induce contraction of muscle fibres

Explicação

Questão 81 de 120

1

In the sarcomere structure where are thick filaments PRIMARILY myosin found

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A band
I band
H band
Z line
M line

Explicação

Questão 82 de 120

1

In the sarcomere structure where are thin filaments primarily actin located

Selecione uma das seguintes:

I band
A band
H band
Z line
M line

Explicação

Questão 83 de 120

1

In the sarcomere structure where is ONLY myosin located

Selecione uma das seguintes:

H band
A band
I band
Z line
M line

Explicação

Questão 84 de 120

1

Where in the sarcomere is the end region containing alpha actinin

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Z line
A band
H band
I band
M line

Explicação

Questão 85 de 120

1

In the sacromere where are the protein filaments which anchor thick filaments during contraction?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

M line
Z line
H band
I band
A band

Explicação

Questão 86 de 120

1

Titin is the largest protein in the body.
What is its function in muscle contraction?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

A molecular spring responsible for the passive elasticity of muscle
Responsible for anchoring thick filaments during muscle contraction
A catabolic enzyme responsible for muscle atrophy
A anabolic enzyme responsible for muscle hypertrophy

Explicação

Questão 87 de 120

1

Which description best describes the sliding filament theory

Selecione uma das seguintes:

shortening of sarcomeres towards origin, Z line distance reduces, strokes of myosin cross bridges pull the thin filament, A band remains the same and H band shortens
lengthening of sarcomeres towards origin, Z line distance reduces, strokes of myosin cross bridges pull the thin filament, A band remains the same and H band shortens
shortening of sarcomeres towards origin, Z line distance reduces, strokes of myosin cross bridges pull the thick filament, A band remains the same and H band shortens

Explicação

Questão 88 de 120

1

What description best describes the cross bridge cycle?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

without ATP the crossbridge is strongly bound to actin, the ATP binds to myosin and crossbridge detaches due to a conformational change, ATP hydrolysed to ADP, the ADP released causing power stroke to occur
with ATP the crossbridge is strongly bound to actin, the ATP disscoiates from myosin and crossbridge detaches due to a conformational change, ATP binds causing power stroke to occur
without ATP the crossbridge is strongly bound to actin, Calcium binds to myosin and crossbridge detaches due to a conformational change, ATP hydrolysed to ADP, the ADP released causing power stroke to occur

Explicação

Questão 89 de 120

1

What is the Ca2+ concentration required for muscle contraction?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

10-6 M
10-9 M
10-7 M
10-6 mM

Explicação

Questão 90 de 120

1

Where is Ca2+ stored for muscle contraction

Selecione uma das seguintes:

sarcoplasmic reticulum
sarcoplasma
T tubules
mitochondria
lysosomes

Explicação

Questão 91 de 120

1

DHP receptors changing leading to opening of Ryanodine receptors is due to what?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

T tubules conducting an action potential affects what receptors
Calcium entering cytoplasm from sarcoplasmic reticulum
Movement of the tropomyosin complex
Osteoblast activity

Explicação

Questão 92 de 120

1

Ca2+ released into sarcoplasm occurs by...? (pick the most direct cause)

Selecione uma das seguintes:

The opening of Ryanodine receptors causes what
T tubules conducting action potentials
tropomyosin complex movement
Satellite cells fusing into muscle fibers

Explicação

Questão 93 de 120

1

What is the effect of Ca2+ in muscle?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

binding to troponin C causing tropomyosin complex to move and expose binding sites on actin
T tubules conducting action potentials
muscle relaxation
DHP receptors change which opens Ryanodine receptors

Explicação

Questão 94 de 120

1

What is osteoporosis?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Bones becoming brittle and fragile from loss of tissue due to hormonal changes and deficiency of Ca and Vit D
bone becomes dense and susceptible to fracture due to failure in osteoclasts to resorb bone
Monotonic failure of bone
process of fatigue repair in bone

Explicação

Questão 95 de 120

1

Genetic mutation in CA2 gene can cause

Selecione uma das seguintes:

osteopetrosis
osteoporosis
muscle atrophy
muscle dysplasia

Explicação

Questão 96 de 120

1

Describe osteopetrosis

Selecione uma das seguintes:

bone becomes dense and susceptible to fracture due to failure in osteoclasts to resorb bone
bones becoming brittle and fragile from loss of tissue due to hormonal changes and deficiency of Ca and Vit D
Montonic failure of bone
Muscle dysplasia

Explicação

Questão 97 de 120

1

Which muscle fibers will undergo hypertrophy twice as fast

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Type 2
Type 1

Explicação

Questão 98 de 120

1

Muscle size increase by increase of what?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

the number of sarcomeres
the number of muscle fibers
the number of satellite cells
increase in the rate of myogenesis

Explicação

Questão 99 de 120

1

From left to right label the neuron cell type

Selecione uma das seguintes:

multipolar, bipolar, pseudo unipolar
bipolar, multipolar, pseudo unipolar
pseudo unipolar, bipolar, multipolar
multipolar, pseudo unipolar, bipolar

Explicação

Questão 100 de 120

1

The Na/K pump pumps how many Na+ out and K+in

Selecione uma das seguintes:

3 Na+ out 2 K+ in
2 Na+ out 3 K+ in
3 Na+ out 3 K+ in
3 Na+ out 1 K+ in

Explicação

Questão 101 de 120

1

The resting membrane potential value

Selecione uma das seguintes:

-70mV
-55mV
+30mV
-75mV

Explicação

Questão 102 de 120

1

Threshold of depolarisation for Na+ channels to open

Selecione uma das seguintes:

-55mV
-70mV
+30mV
-75mV

Explicação

Questão 103 de 120

1

Value of depolarisation for K+ channels to open and cause repolarisation

Selecione uma das seguintes:

+30mV
-70mV
-75mV
-55mV

Explicação

Questão 104 de 120

1

How is hyperpolarisaion of -75mV commonly known as the refractory period restored the the resting membrane potential

Selecione uma das seguintes:

action of Na/K pump
passive diffusion of Na and K
naturally overtime
the intake of Calcium ions

Explicação

Questão 105 de 120

1

The cells responsible for myelination in the peripheral nervous system

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Schwann cells
Oligodendrocytes
Satellite cells
Neuroglia

Explicação

Questão 106 de 120

1

The cells responsible for myelination in the central nervous system

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells
Neuroglial cells
Satellite cells

Explicação

Questão 107 de 120

1

Action potentials only occurring at the nodes of ranvier is known as?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Saltatory conduction
Saltatory convection
Salivatory conduction
Neurogenic conduction

Explicação

Questão 108 de 120

1

Which one of these is NOT involved with neurotransmitter release?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

action potentials reaches axon terminal, voltage gated Ca2+ channels open
Ca2+ binds to sensor proteins in cytoplasm,
Ca2+ protein complex stimulates docking, fusion and exocytosis of neurotransmitter
Lysomome degradation of neurotransmitter granules

Explicação

Questão 109 de 120

1

The effects of excitatory neurotransmitters

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Na+ channels open and depolarise cell
Cl- channels opens and inhibit postsynaptic potential
Activation of Na/K pump
Hyperpolarisation

Explicação

Questão 110 de 120

1

The effects of inhibitory neurotransmitters

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Activation of Na/K pump
Cl- channels opens and inhibit postsynaptic potential
Na+ channels open and depolarise cell
Depolarization of cell membrane

Explicação

Questão 111 de 120

1

Alpha motor neurons stimulate what

Selecione uma das seguintes:

extrafusal fibers the normal muscle fibers
intrafusal fibres the muscle spindles
intrafusal fibers the normal muscle fibers
xtrafusal fibers the muscle spindles

Explicação

Questão 112 de 120

1

Gamma motor neurons stimulate what

Selecione uma das seguintes:

intrafusal fibers the muscle spindles
extrafusal fibers the normal muscle fibers
extrafusal fibers the muscle spindles
intrafusal fibers the normal muscle fibers

Explicação

Questão 113 de 120

1

What do muscle spindles consist of

Selecione uma das seguintes:

intrafusal fibres
nuclear bag
nuclear chain
All of the answers

Explicação

Questão 114 de 120

1

Primary annulospiral and secondary flower spray sensory neurons serve what?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

the intrafusal fibers
the extrfusal fibers
interneurons
Bipolar neurons

Explicação

Questão 115 de 120

1

What do primary annulospiral sensory neurons respond to and where are they located

Selecione uma das seguintes:

respond to onset of strecth and are located centrally
respond to onset of strecth and are located peripherally
respond to onset of flexion and are located centrally
respond to onset of pain and are located centrally

Explicação

Questão 116 de 120

1

	Criado por Jack Fawsitt mais de 7 anos atrás

Principles and animal form and fucntion (Unit 1 Locomotion) Quiz sobre MULTIPLE CHOICE OF LOCOMOTION, criado por Jack Fawsitt em 26-11-2016.

MULTIPLE CHOICE OF LOCOMOTION

Questão 1 de 120

Motion of condylar joint and example

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 2 de 120

Label 1-7

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 3 de 120

The mature neutrophil in mammalian blood smear can be distinguished from other cells by the presence of at least one very distinctive feature unique to this cell type. Which one of the following features best fits that description?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 4 de 120

The mature erythrocyte in a mammalian blood smear can be easily distinguished from all other cells by the presence of one of the most distinctive features unique to this cell type. Which one of the following features best fits this description?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 5 de 120

Which one of the following five histological features best characterizes the loose connective tissue?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 6 de 120

Which one of the following five features best characterizes the stratified squamous epithelium?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 7 de 120

Some animals in a herd of cattle may suffer from myophosphorylase deficiency. Which of the following five laboratory tests would best confirm your diagnosis?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 8 de 120

Which of the following correctly explains the mechanism by which a change in intracellular calcium concentration enables muscle contraction in skeletal muscle?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 9 de 120

Which of the following is a correct definition of a motor unit?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 10 de 120

Which of the following statements below concerning these two muscles is correct, assuming they are both of equal volume ?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 11 de 120

Complete the following sentence with the best match from below. “The mechanism by which horses protract their limbs…..”

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 12 de 120

The fascicles that form the hierarchical structure of tendon and ligaments are composed mainly of

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 13 de 120

The graph below shows a typical stress-strain relationship for a tendon loaded to failure. The area under the curve (shown by vertical lines) represents

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 14 de 120

In which layer of the epidermis are melanocyte cell bodies usually present in pigmented skin?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 15 de 120

Which statement best describes the sebaceous gland?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 16 de 120

Which of the following best describes changes in chondrocyte behaviour during the endochondral ossification process?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 17 de 120

Which of the following best describes the relative abundance of these components in fresh articular cartilage?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 18 de 120

The predominant collagen fibre type in hyaline cartilage and bone are, respectively:

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 19 de 120

Which component of hyaline cartilage is responsible for retaining the large quantities of water? Water Collagens Proteoglycans Chondrocytes Other proteins

Selecione uma das seguintes:

Explicação

Questão 20 de 120

A neurone:

Which component of hyaline cartilage is responsible for retaining the large quantities of water?
Water
Collagens
Proteoglycans
Chondrocytes
Other proteins