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Questão 1 de 40

1

An approach to life in which there is an emphasis on rules, efficiency, and practical results is ____.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Traditional orientation

  • Rationality

  • Utilitarian

  • Empiricism

Explicação

Questão 2 de 40

1

Which sociologist is given credit for coining the concept of the "McDonaldization of Society"?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Jeffery Reiman

  • Douglas Massey

  • Howard Winet

  • George Ritzer

Explicação

Questão 3 de 40

1

Nick was a promising caseworker for an agency. After earning several lower-level promotions, he was appointed to a supervisory position. Supervisory work did not mix well with Nick's abilities and he fell into a professional rut. This is an example of the ____.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Kanter Syndrome

  • Weber effect

  • Peter principle

  • Ouchi Theorem

Explicação

Questão 4 de 40

1

According to Kanter, organizations sometimes showcase women and minorities by placing them in highly visible positions to demonstrate how progressive they are. Regardless of the type of organization they are in, what do these highly visible positions usually have in common.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • They are supervisory jobs with considerable power and autonomy

  • They are highly paid jobs directed toward "fast-track" promotions

  • They are jobs with little power and minimal authority

  • They are highly competitive positions sought after by most members of the organization

Explicação

Questão 5 de 40

1

It is becoming more common for corporations to provide daycare facilities as fringe benefit for their empoyees. What has evaluative research found regarding the costs and benefits of these facilities?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Day care facilities are ineffective because the are used by only a few employees

  • Because of the large number of employees using them, daycare facilities are too expensive to operate

  • Operating on-site daycare reduces employee absenteeism, improves production, and increases staff morale

  • The results of the research are inconclusive

Explicação

Questão 6 de 40

1

Violations of norms and rules that are written into law are officially called _____.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Ethics

  • Values

  • Folkways

  • Crimes

Explicação

Questão 7 de 40

1

The concept of the relativity of deviance is best illustrated by which of the following statements?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • It is not the act itself, but the reaction of others to the act that makes it deviant

  • the nature of one's behavior is the most important aspect in determining deviance

  • Deviance is most related to functionalism because it creates a dysfunction of society

  • Deviance is analogous to mental illness

Explicação

Questão 8 de 40

1

In an effort to resist the label of "deviant", most people will develop rationales to justify their deviant acts. Sykes and Matza refer to these rationales as ___.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Ideologies

  • Techniques of neutralization

  • Strategies of justification

  • lableing

Explicação

Questão 9 de 40

1

According to strain theory, the underlying cause of deviance is that people experience a sense of normleness. This sense of normleness is referred to as ____.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Anomie

  • Latent dysfunction

  • mass hysteria

  • retreatism

Explicação

Questão 10 de 40

1

What are the two most significant "anchoring devices" that insulate a person from a life of crime and imprisonment?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • a good lawyer and big expense account

  • neighborhood and income

  • race and ethnicity

  • marriage and education

Explicação

Questão 11 de 40

1

In every society, from the hunting and gathering society to the postindustrial society, the most common basis for social stratification has been _____.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Race

  • Income

  • Education

  • Gender

Explicação

Questão 12 de 40

1

What is the significant difference between the class system and the systems of slavery, caste and estate?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • the class system is not based on religion

  • the class system has fluid boundaries

  • the class system works in democracies

  • the class system existed before the other three

Explicação

Questão 13 de 40

1

What did Karl Marx predict after workers were exploited year after year by the capitalist class?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • The capitalist society would synthesize into a classless society

  • a strong middle class would emerge

  • workers would abandon their jobs, unionize, and gain the power to negotiate

  • Workers would revolt against the bourgeoisie and assume control

Explicação

Questão 14 de 40

1

Which concept explains the rise of global stratifications including core nations, semi-periphery nations, periphery nations, and external areas?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Neocolonialism

  • culture of poverty

  • colonialism

  • world system theory

Explicação

Questão 15 de 40

1

Why do the ruling elite in the Least Industrialized Nations work so closely with the heads of multinational corporations to develop informal relationships.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • To develop the necessary political stability to maintain partnership

  • to expand the middle class throughout least industrialized nations

  • to increase humanitarian aid to the poor

  • to increase the standard of living of people in poor nations

Explicação

Questão 16 de 40

1

As described in the text, what are the two myths of race?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Eventually there will only be one race; all races have the same origin

  • there is only one race; intelligence is based on race

  • one race superior to another; pure races exist

  • all races have the same origin; race is a status that cannot be changed

Explicação

Questão 17 de 40

1

while race might reflect our biological heritage, ___ reflects our cultural heritage

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • gender

  • age

  • ethnicity

  • social class

Explicação

Questão 18 de 40

1

the best lasagna in the valley. in view of this, which phrase best describes Tony's behavior?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Tony is exercising the concept of ethnic work

  • tony is experiencing a racial identity crisis

  • tony is experiencing role diffusion

  • tony is confused over what his master status is

Explicação

Questão 19 de 40

1

The belief held by many African Americans that lighter skinned African American women are more attractive than those with darker skin is referred to as ___.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • the reformulation of race at the micro-level

  • The internalization of the norms of the dominant group

  • reverse racism at the micro-level

  • race betrayal of the minority class

Explicação

Questão 20 de 40

1

Prejudice describes ____ while discrimination describes ______.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Values; attitudes

  • Norms; beliefs

  • Attitudes; actions

  • Actions; attitudes

Explicação

Questão 21 de 40

1

Pedro, a legal immigrant from Mexico, and George, a white male whose family has been in America for several generations, have each applied for a car loan at the local bank. Pedro's loan was turned down while George was granted a loan. In comparing their credit history, both men had good credit, and their debts and income were comparable. This is an example of ____ against Pedro.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Individual prejudice

  • Institutional prejudice

  • individual discrimination

  • institutional discrimination

Explicação

Questão 22 de 40

1

In American history, who were the white ethics?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • They were immigrants from Europe whose language and other customs differed from the original White Anglo-Saxon Protestants

  • They were colonists who settled in Canada

  • They were colonists who left the original 13 colonies and moved westward prior to the establishment of the United States.

  • They were colonists loyal to England who did not support American independence

Explicação

Questão 23 de 40

1

Of all ethnic groups, in which group are children most likely to grow up with two parents and least likely to be born to a single mother?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Native American

  • Asian American

  • Latino American

  • Caucasian European

Explicação

Questão 24 de 40

1

What are three variables Max Weber identified as defining social class?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Ethnicity, race, sex

  • wealth, power, prestige

  • sex, power, education

  • occupation, neighborhoods, wealth

Explicação

Questão 25 de 40

1

which of the following individuals would have the narrowest field of "eligible" marriage partners based on background expectations?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Ruth, a member of the working poor living in Harlem

  • Herbert, a blue-collar machinist living in the city

  • Noelle, the daughter of two high school teachers living in suburbia

  • Christian, the son of a CEO of a major corporation.

Explicação

Questão 26 de 40

1

Ken belongs to a church in which the worship services are highly expressive with spontaneous "amens" and "praise jesus" outbursts accompanied by loud, inspirational organ music. Ken is most likely a member of the _____ class.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • capitalist

  • upper-middle

  • middle

  • lower

Explicação

Questão 27 de 40

1

What is the relationship between births to a single women and their level of education?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • the greater the level of education, the more births to single women

  • the lower the level of education, the fewer births to single women

  • the greater the level of education, the fewer births to single women

  • there is no relationship between the level of education and births to single women

Explicação

Questão 28 de 40

1

The Key to effectively maintaining social stratification involves the privileged class controlling ideas and information rather than depending on the use of force.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 29 de 40

1

Although it is expensive, coercion is the most effective means by which elites can maintain stratification of their societies.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 30 de 40

1

Wealth and incom are interchangeable terms, each meaning the smae in reference to social class

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 31 de 40

1

there is a direct relationship between the amount of education an occupation requires and the prestige it holds in society

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 32 de 40

1

the higher a person's position on the social ladder, the more likely they will become a victim of crime

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 33 de 40

1

The 1985 Vietnam veterans study clearly demonstrated that biology (in this case, testosterone) is the cause of male aggressiveness.

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 34 de 40

1

The major theories on the origin of patriarchy point to the social consequences of human reproduction

Selecione uma das opções:

  • VERDADEIRO
  • FALSO

Explicação

Questão 35 de 40

1

Who proposed the concept that women are better prepared biologically for mothering than men, which is overlaid in culture?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Cynthia Fuchs Epstein

  • Margaret Mead

  • Alice Rossi

  • Rebecca Ann Wilson

Explicação

Questão 36 de 40

1

Based on the accident that led to the sex change of a seven-month-old identical twin as well as the Vietnam veteran's study, which statement is most accurate regarding the effects of nature and nurture on behavior?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Nature is the dominant force in determining human behavior

  • Nurture is the dominant force determining human behavior

  • Human behavior is the result of nature and nurture working together

  • Neither nature nor nurture is responsible for determining human behavior

Explicação

Questão 37 de 40

1

What is the philosophy that biology is not destiny, especially with regard to gender stratification

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • symbolic interactionism

  • exchange theory

  • neo-marxism

  • feminism

Explicação

Questão 38 de 40

1

Which wave of the women's movement focused on teh problems of women in the least industrialized nations?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • the first wave

  • the second wave

  • the third wave

  • the fourth wave

Explicação

Questão 39 de 40

1

the age range of women most likely to be victims of rape is ____.

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • 12 to 15

  • 16-19

  • 20-24

  • 25-34

Explicação

Questão 40 de 40

1

What are the two careers most associated with being successful in politics, both of which are underrepresented by women?

Selecione uma das seguintes:

  • Medicine and education

  • law and medicine

  • education and business

  • law and business

Explicação