Heat energy can be transferred by conduction, convection and radiation.

Conduction and convection involve the transfer of heat energy by particles.

Convection if the main form of heat transfer in liquids and gases.

Any object can absorb and emit infrared radiation, whether or not conduction or convection is taking place doesn't matter.

Infrared radiation is emitted from the surface of an object.

dark matt surfaces absorb infrared radiation better than light shiny surfaces.