Special Circulations: Heart and Skin

What are 2 special requirements of the coronary circulation?

What is a special structural feature of cardiac muscle?

Name 3 special functional features of the coronary circulation at rest?

What happens during metabolic hyperaemia? (3)

What causes the coronary vessels to dilate during metabolic hyperaemia? (2)

Name 3 potential problems that can occur within the coronary circulation.

Why is the myocardium especially susceptible to ischaemia?

What are the 2 outcomes of ischaemia?

What is the result of a thrombosis?

Give 5 effects of an MI.

What is the effect of angina?

When does coronary blood flow occur?

When can this be a problem? (3)

So what do many angina drugs target and why?

Name 3 special requirements of the cutaneous circulation.

What does skin temperature depend on? (2)

What is the special structural feature of the cutaneous circulation?

What do the AVAs do?

Where would you find AVAs?

What happens on sympathetic innervation to the AVAs?

How does the cutaneous circulation respond to ambient temperature?

How does the cutaneous circulation respond to changes in core temperature?

What can occur at very low temperatures?

What is this?

What is the body's response to an increased core temperature (e.g. after exercise)? (2)

How else can the cutaneous circulation be controlled? (3)

How is the baroreflex-stimulated vasoconstriction response helpful?

What mediates this response? (4)

Give an example of how emotions can control cutaneous circulation.

What is the skin's response to injury?

What is this?

How is this helpful?

What mediates the 'flare' stage of this response?

How does this work?

When areas of skin are compressed for a long time, _________ _________ can begin to take place, known as '___ ______'. These can be prevented by regularly ________ _________.

Standing up for a long time in warm weather can cause __________ ____________ or __________ due to the gravitational effect of blood. __ __ __ decreases and ____________ _____________ increases, causing the hypotension and oedema.