Criado por laura.marsland
mais de 11 anos atrás
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List 3 oncogenes & associated malignancy
List 3 mechanisms for tumour cell spread
What are CADHERINS & what is their association with invasion & metastasis
What are INTEGRINS and what is their association with invasion & metastasis?
Describe the normal molecular events associated with Rb (a tumour suppressor gene)
List 3 functions of p53 (tumour suppressor gene) when NOT mutated
Define carcinogenesis
List 3 differences in behaviour between benign & malignant cells
List 3 differentiating features of benign versus malignant cells, in terms of macroscopic appearance
Differentiate between the microscopic features of benign versus malignant cells
Differentiate between the microscopic features of benign versus malignant cells
List the 3 requirements for tumour development
What gene is implicated in Ataxia Telangiectasia and what does it normally do?
Define atherosclerosis
Define arteriolosclerosis
Define atheroma
List the 4 constituents of an atherosclerotic plaque
BRIEFLY describe cellular events associated with atheromatous plaque development
List 4 complications of cerebral artery atheroma
List 4 laboratory abnormalities that might be present in the setting of DIC
Define cellular INVOLUTION
Give two examples of physiological hyperplasia
What type of inheritance does haemophilia A show?
List 2 types of physiological hypertrophy
List 6 causes of cell atrophy
Define metaplasia
Define neoplasia
What is the definition of a 'thrombus'
List the 3 components of Virchow's Triad
List the 5 potential fates of a thrombus
What is the definition of an embolism?
List 3 potential types/outcomes of pulmonary embolism
List 5 symptoms of PE
List 4 signs of PE
List 7 types of embolism, other than thrombus
Briefly describe DIC
What is the definition of haemostasis?
What mechanisms keep blood from clotting normally?
Describe the role of the platelet in clotting (4 stages)
What two roles does the endothelial wall play in preventing clotting?
Differentiate between the actions of Tc & Th cells
Differentiate between the actions of Th1 & Th2 lymphocytes
List 2 functions of B cells in chronic inflammation
List the 3 types of healing & repair
Define 'labile' cells
Define 'quiescent' cells
Define 'permanent' cells
List the 5 stages of healing & repair
Describe the process of angiogenesis in healing & repair
What is granulation tissue?
Describe the processes of chemotaxis & mitogenesis in healing & repair
Describe the process of fibrogenesis in healing & repair
Describe the remodelling process in healing & repair
List 2 factors that can stimulate apoptosis
What factors comprise the anti-oxidant defence system?
List the 3 features of acute inflammation
List 4 roles of the macrophage in chronic inflammation
List 6 non-immunological defences
Describe what are meant by 'haemodynamic changes' in acute inflammation
Describe what is meant by 'changes in endothelial permeability' in acute inflammation
List and describe 3 types of exudate
Describe the process of 'neutrophil migration & recruitment' in acute inflammation
Describe the process of phagocytosis by neutrophils in acute inflammation
List 7 outcomes of acute inflammation
Describe the process of resolution of acute inflammation
What is caseous necrosis?
Describe the pathophysiology of fat necrosis
Define gangrene & list two types
Describe coagulative necrosis
Describe liquefactive necrosis
What are heat shock proteins?
List 3 reversible mechanisms of cell damage
List 2 irreversible mechanisms of cell injury
List 5 factors that lead to generation of free radicals
List 4 mechanisms of removal of free radicals
List 3 mechanisms of free radical-induced damage
Define 'free radical'
Describe the role of the complement system
List 3 complement proteins and state their role
List the 6 causes of cellular injury & give an example of each
List 3 differences between necrotic & apoptotic cell death?