L12 Unique plant structures: vacuoles and plastids

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The membrane of the vacuole is called the . A young plant cell will have many vacuoles, while a mature plant cell will typically have big vacuole.

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Choose the correct statements about vacuoles.

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Secondary metabolites are growth associated.

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Which of these is not a primary metabolite?

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Choose the incorrect statement about secondary metabolites.

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The vacuole can degrade macromolecules and organelles in a process very similar to the lysosomes found in plant cells.

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High concentrations of solutes in the vacuole give it a ( positive, negative ) osmotic potential. This results in water ( uptake, loss ) via osmosis as water moves freely through the tonoplast. The cell wall enables water uptake without ( bursting, loss of rigidity ), creating turgor pressure. ( Loss, Gain ) of turgor pressure results in wilting but will generally not damage the plant in the long term.

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Chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) is linear.

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Match the plastids to their function:
❌ carry out photosynthesis.
❌ manufacture and store pigments.
❌ store starch/assimilates.
❌ can differentiate into other plastids.

Chloroplasts

Chromoplasts

Leucoplasts

Proplastids

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• Describe the structure and functions of the vacuole. • Describe the structure and function of the chloroplasts. • Summarise plastid development and functions. • Outline how cellular functions are partitioned within the cell, using the chloroplast as an example.

L12 Unique plant structures: vacuoles and plastids

The membrane of the vacuole is called the . A young plant cell will have many vacuoles, while a mature plant cell will typically have big vacuole.

Choose the correct statements about vacuoles.

Secondary metabolites are growth associated.

Which of these is not a primary metabolite?

Choose the incorrect statement about secondary metabolites.

The vacuole can degrade macromolecules and organelles in a process very similar to the lysosomes found in plant cells.

Chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) is linear.

Match the plastids to their function: ❌ carry out photosynthesis. ❌ manufacture and store pigments. ❌ store starch/assimilates. ❌ can differentiate into other plastids.

Light reactions take place in the stroma. Dark reactions/the Calvin Cycle take place in the thylakoids/Granum.

The oxygen released from photosynthesis comes from CO2 in the Calvin cycle.

Match the plastids to their function:
❌ carry out photosynthesis.
❌ manufacture and store pigments.
❌ store starch/assimilates.
❌ can differentiate into other plastids.