Graphene: One layer of the graphite molecule, i.e. a single layer of carbon atoms covalently bonded in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice

Graphene has many extraordinary properties:

Potential uses:

Thin - could be incorporated into printing inks, allowing circuits to be printed onto paper
Very unreactive - could be incorporated into metal paints to stop them rusting
Strong - could be used to replace Kevlar in bulletproof vests