11247065
Questão 1
Questão
The three steps in memory information processing are...
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sensing, transducing, perceiving
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seeing, hearing, storage
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acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery
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encoding, storage, retrieval
Questão 2
Questão
Visual sensory memory is referred to as...
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iconic memory
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echoic memory
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mnemonic memory
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semantic memory
Questão 3
Questão
Lewis cannot remember the details of the torture he experienced as a prisoner of war. According to Freud, Lewis’ failure to remember these painful memories is an example of...
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repression
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long-term potentiation
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negative reinforcement
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flashbulb memory
Questão 4
Questão
Studies by Loftus and Palmer, in which people were quizzed about a film of an accident, indicate that...
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when quizzed immediately, people can recall very little, due to the stress of witnessing an accident
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when questioned as little as one day later, their memory was very inaccurate
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most people had very accurate memories as much as 6 months later
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people’s recall may easily be affected by misleading information
Questão 5
Questão
One way to increase the amount of information in memory is to group it into larger, familiar units. This process is referred to as...
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the principle of conservation
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proactive organization
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chunking
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encoding
Questão 6
Questão
Kandel and Schwartz have found that when learning occurs, more of the neurotransmitter [blank_start]serotonin[blank_end] is released into synapses.
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serotonin
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cortisol
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dopamine
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glucose
Questão 7
Questão
Research on memory construction reveals that memories...
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are stored as exact copies of experience
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reflect a person’s biases and assumptions
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may be chemically transferred from one organism to another
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even if long term, usually decay within about five years
Questão 8
Questão
In a study on context cues, people learned words while on land or when they were underwater. In a later test of recall, those with the best retention had...
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learned the words on land, that is, in the more familiar context
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learned the words underwater, that is, in the more exotic context
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learned the words and been tested on them in different contexts
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learned the words and been tested on them in the same context
Questão 9
Questão
The spacing effect means that...
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distributed study yields better retention than cramming
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retention is improved when encoding and retrieval are separated by no more than 1 hour
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learning causes a reduction in the size of the synaptic gap between certain neurons
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delaying retrieval until memory has consolidated improves recall
Questão 10
Questão
Studies demonstrate that learning causes permanent neural changes in the [blank_start]synapses[blank_end] of animals’ neurons.
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synapses
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myelin
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cell bodies
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all of these
Questão 11
Questão
The basal ganglia of the brain plays a critical role in the formation of...
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iconic memory
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echoic memory
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implicit memory
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explicit memory
Questão 12
Questão
Memory for skills (e.g., skills learned during infancy) is called...
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explicit memory
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declarative memory
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prime memory
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implicit memory
Questão 13
Questão
Which of the following describes the typical forgetting curve?
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a steady, slow decline in retention over time
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a steady, rapid decline in retention over time
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a rapid initial decline in retention becoming stable thereafter
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a slow initial decline in retention becoming rapid thereafter
Questão 14
Questão
Which of the following measures of retention is the least sensitive in triggering retrieval?
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recall
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recognition
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relearning
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they are equally sensitive
Questão 15
Questão
At your high school reunion you cannot remember the last name of your homeroom teacher. Your failure to remember is most likely the result of...
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encoding failure
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storage failure
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retrieval failure
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state-dependent memory
Questão 16
Questão
According to the serial position effect, when recalling a list of words you should have the greatest difficulty with those...
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at the beginning of the list
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at the end of the list
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at the end and in the middle of the list
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in the middle of the list
Questão 17
Questão
Experimenters gave people a list of words to be recalled. When the participants were tested after a delay, the items that were best recalled were those...
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at the beginning of the list
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in the middle of the list
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at the end of the list
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at the beginning and end of the list
Questão 18
Questão
Which type of word/verbal processing results in the greatest retention?
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shallow
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deep
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visual
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auditory
Questão 19
Questão
From the list below, which area of the brain is most relevant in the processing of implicit memories?
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hippocampus
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cerebellum
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hypothalamus
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amygdala
Questão 20
Questão
Repression is theorized to be an example of...
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encoding failure
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memory decay
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motivated forgetting
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all of the above
Questão 21
Questão
Long-term potentiation (LTP) refers to...
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the disruptive influence of old memories on the formations of new memories
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the disruptive influence of recent memories on the retrieval of old memories
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our tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with our current mood
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the increased efficiency of synaptic transmission between certain neurons following learning
Questão 22
Questão
Which of the following is the best example of a flashbulb memory?
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suddenly remembering to buy bread while standing in the checkout line at the grocery store
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recalling the name of someone from high school while looking at his or her yearbook snapshot
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remembering where you were and what you were doing on September 11, 2001, when terrorists crashed planes into the World Trade Center towers.
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remembering to make an important phone call
Questão 23
Questão
Walking through the halls of his high school 10 years after graduation, Tom experienced a flood of old memories. Tom’s experience showed the role of...
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iconic memory
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context effects
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retroactive interference
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echoic memory
Questão 24
Questão
Amnesia patients typically experience disruption of...
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implicit memories
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explicit memories
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iconic memories
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echoic memories
Questão 25
Questão
Brad, who suffered damage to the left side of his hippocampus, has trouble remembering...
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visual designs
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locations
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all nonverbal information
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verbal information
Questão 26
Questão
After finding her old combination lock, Janice can’t remember its combination because she keeps confusing it with the combination of her new lock. She is experiencing...
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proactive interference
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retroactive interference
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encoding failure
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storage failure
Questão 27
Questão
Being in a bad mood after a hard day of work, Susan could think of nothing positive in her life. This is best explained as an example of...
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repression
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the spacing effect
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mood-congruent memory
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shallow processing
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