Chapter 6: Biology in the Present

Question

The dental pattern of Old World higher primates is

Answer 1

proportional to human brain size

Answer 2

more or less the same in large and small primates.

Answer 3

smaller than in other large mammals.

Answer 4

larger among great apes than among other primates.

Answer 5

only nocturnal species

Answer 6

only diurnal species.

Answer 7

diurnal and nocturnal galagos.

Answer 8

diurnal and nocturnal lemurs.

Answer 9

primate exhibits a derived trait for an enhanced sense of smell, since this trait is not commonly observed in mammal species

Answer 10

is a species of anthropoid because it has an increased reliance on vision.

Answer 11

primate must be a species of Strepsirhini, as that suborder of primates relies heavily on the sense of smell for many aspects of daily life.

Answer 12

species is nocturnal.

Answer 13

ring-tail lemurs.

Answer 14

howler monkeys.

Answer 15

colobus monkeys.

Answer 16

chimpanzees.

Answer 17

howler monkeys.

Answer 18

are mostly frugivorous.

Answer 19

are usually terrestrial.

Answer 20

have specialized digestive anatomy for eating leaves.

Answer 21

are referred to as “cheek pouch” monkeys.

Answer 22

prosimian, because they retain the rhinarium not found in other mammal species.

Answer 23

anthropoid primate, because they retain the rhinarium commonly found in other mammal species.

Answer 24

platyrrhine primate, because their nostrils do not point downward.

Answer 25

strepsirhine, because they retain a rhinarium.

Answer 26

monkeys and apes, including humans.

Answer 27

African and Asian apes only.

Answer 28

tarsiers, monkeys, and apes only.

Answer 29

lemurs, lorises, galagos, and tarsiers.

Answer 30

eating a wide variety of foods.

Answer 31

lack of diversity of diets over time.

Answer 32

diets composed of a variety of red meats.

Answer 33

diets composed of a variety of fruits.

Answer 34

mobile joints connecting bones of the shoulders, limbs, hands, and feet

Answer 35

an opposable thumb and often an opposable big toe

Answer 36

dermal ridges and flat nails on fingertips

Answer 37

rigidly connected, identical vertebrae in the backbone

Answer 38

forward-facing eyes

Answer 39

color vision

Answer 40

loss of the rhinarium

Answer 41

smaller olfactory bulb

Answer 42

Strepsirhines

Answer 43

Haplorhines

Answer 44

Platyrrhines

Answer 45

Catarrhines

Answer 46

Catarrhines

Answer 47

Platyrrhines

Answer 48

lower molar morphology

Answer 49

canine-premolar honing complex

Answer 50

large bodies and brains

Answer 51

almost identical, even though the two groups of primates locomote in entirely different ways.

Answer 52

different in their shape and size so that the difference between quadrupedal and bipedal locomotion can be distinguished.

Answer 53

almost identical, since the two types of primates both move around quadrupedally and bipedally, as needed.

Answer 54

the same except for the size of the gluteal maximus, which is largest in the nonhuman ape.

Answer 55

largest body relative to other animals.

Answer 56

greatest level of biological adaptability.

Answer 57

largest body size.

Answer 58

largest brain relative to body size.

Answer 59

results in extended periods of nursing and development to accommodate increasing behavioral complexity.

Answer 60

results in shorter developmental periods to accommodate the necessary energy expenditures of larger brain size.

Answer 61

demonstrates the importance of intelligence in primate evolution.

Answer 62

demonstrates the importance of intelligence in primate evolution AND results in extended periods of nursing and development to accommodate increasing behavioral complexity.

Answer 63

monkeys and apes, including humans.

Answer 64

African and Asian apes only.

Answer 65

tarsiers, monkeys, and apes only.

Answer 66

lemurs, lorises, galagos, and tarsiers.

Answer 67

opposable thumbs.

Answer 68

a precision grip.

Answer 69

short digits.

Answer 70

an expanded reliance on sense of smell.

Answer 71

the series of apparent adaptations that are never actually used.

Answer 72

the use of an anatomical feature in a way unrelated to the feature’s original function.

Answer 73

an anatomical feature used in the manner for which it was originally selected.

Answer 74

a phenomenon that occurs before natural selection can occur.

Answer 75

invest less in their offspring than do many other mammals.

Answer 76

give birth to more offspring than do most other mammals.

Answer 77

give birth to fewer offspring than do many other mammals.

Answer 78

give birth to twins regularly.

Answer 79

Primates have impressive, built-in behaviors but are poor learners and require a very specific diet to survive.

Answer 80

Primates have a shorter life span than other mammals of their size, are intelligent, and almost all eat the same diet.

Answer 81

Primates are intelligent, are long lived, have diverse diets, and exhibit complex social behavior.

Answer 82

Primates are intelligent, are long lived, have very narrow dietary requirements, and exhibit diverse social behaviors.

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Chapter 6: Biology in the Present

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