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Quiz sobre revision, criado por Rachael Martin em 12-04-2021.
Rachael Martin
Quiz por Rachael Martin, atualizado more than 1 year ago
Rachael Martin
Criado por Rachael Martin aproximadamente 3 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
Which of the following terms is not typically used to describe perception?
Responda
  • Simple
  • Effortless
  • Unconscious
  • Complex

Questão 2

Questão
The stage at which neural processing occurs corresponds to which numerical step of the perceptual process?
Responda
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4

Questão 3

Questão
When visual receptors receive the light reflected from a stimulus, they
Responda
  • transform the environmental energy into electrical energy
  • shape perception by the way they respond to stimulus properties
  • both transform the environmental energy into electrical energy and shape perception by the way they respond to stimulus properties
  • neither transform the environmental energy into electrical energy nor shape perception by the way they respond to stimulus properties

Questão 4

Questão
Which term best matches this definition: Placing a stimulus in a category that gives it meaning
Responda
  • Perception
  • Recognition
  • Sensation
  • Cataloguing

Questão 5

Questão
Lucy and Sarah both have encountered moths. Lucy came to the conclusion that she saw a moth based on the processes triggered by the moth's image on her retina, whereas Sarah came to the conclusion that she saw a moth based on her understanding of what a moth typically looks like in a book diagram. Lucy's conclusion relies on ___________ whereas Sarah's relies on _____________
Responda
  • Sensation; perception
  • Perception; sensation
  • Top-down processing; bottom-up processing
  • Bottom-up processing; top-down processing

Questão 6

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a relationship commonly studied by perceptual researchers?
Responda
  • The stimulus-perception relationship
  • The stimulus-physiological relationship
  • The physiological-perception relationship
  • The perception-behaviour relationship

Questão 7

Questão
What does the method of limits measure?
Responda
  • The threshold for stimuli
  • The adaptation curve of stimuli
  • The perceptual magnitude of stimuli
  • The interaction with stimuli

Questão 8

Questão
Humans can hear stimuli including and above 0dB, and can discriminate between sounds at least 1dB apart from each other. In this case, 0dB is the _______, and 1dB is the __________.
Responda
  • Absolute threshold; difference threshold
  • Difference threshold; absolute threshold
  • Physical stimulus; perceptual stimulus
  • Perceptual stimulus; physical stimulus

Questão 9

Questão
The increased sensitivity of rods compared to cones can be explained in part by
Responda
  • Neural convergence
  • Visual acuity
  • Lateral inhibition
  • Weber's law

Questão 10

Questão
The presentation of a standard stimulus assigned a certain value which is then used to assign a number to an array of other stimulus intensities proportional to this original stimulus is called _________, and the number for this intensity is called the __________
Responda
  • Magnitude estimation; perceived magnitude
  • Perceived magnitude; magnitude estimation
  • Absolute threshold; difference threshold
  • Difference threshold; absolute threshold

Questão 11

Questão
What is the problem of neural representation for the senses called?
Responda
  • The problem of sensory coding
  • The problem of population coding
  • The problem of specificity coding
  • The problem of sparse coding

Questão 12

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a component of the following equation: K = △L / S
Responda
  • Weber's fraction
  • Difference threshold
  • Intensity of stimulus
  • Steven's power law

Questão 13

Questão
How do receptive fields in optic nerve fibres differ from those found in the LGN?
Responda
  • They don't differ
  • Those in optic nerve fibres have circular centre-surround receptive fields, whereas those in the LGN have barred orientation-specific receptive fields
  • Those in the LGN have circular centre-surround receptive fields, whereas those in optic nerve fibres have barred orientation-specific receptive fields
  • Optic nerve fibres have much larger receptive fields than those in the LGN, but they are shaped the same

Questão 14

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a type of cortical cell?
Responda
  • Simple cortical cell
  • Complex cortical cell
  • End-stopped cortical cell
  • Binocular cortical cell

Questão 15

Questão
What does a 'feature detector' do?
Responda
  • Recognises specific facial features within the FFA
  • Fires in response to specific features of stimuli
  • Undergoes selective adaptation to measure contrast thresholds
  • Ensures that locations of features on the cortex correspond to locations on the retina

Questão 16

Questão
The selective adaptation experiment is measuring how a [blank_start]physiological[blank_end] effect causes a [blank_start]perceptual[blank_end] result
Responda
  • physiological
  • perceptual

Questão 17

Questão
Which of the following steps is NOT part of the method for selective adaptation?
Responda
  • Measure sensitivity to a range of one stimulus characteristic
  • Adapt to that characteristic vai extended exposure
  • Re-measure the sensitivity to the range of the stimulus characteristic and see how adaptation has changed perception
  • Adapt person to one orientation, using a high contrast grating

Questão 18

Questão
In the context of gratings, the angle relative to vertical can be changed to test for sensitivity to [blank_start]orientation[blank_end], whereas the difference in intensity can be changed to test for sensitivity to [blank_start]contrast[blank_end]
Responda
  • orientation
  • contrast

Questão 19

Questão
What did Ungerleider and Mishkin's ablation research uncover about perceptual pathways in the brain?
Responda
  • The ventral pathway is responsible for object discrimination, and the dorsal pathway is responsible for identifying object location
  • The dorsal pathway is responsible for object discrimination, and the ventral pathway is responsible for identifying object location
  • When a case study, D.F., suffered damage to the ventral pathway she could match the orientation of a card to different orientations of a slot, but could not place it through the slot
  • When a case study, D.F., suffered damage to the dorsal pathway she could match the orientation of a card to different orientations of a slot, but could not place it through the slot

Questão 20

Questão
Research involving two functions whereby one person cannot do one function but can do the other, and another person can do one function but cannot do the other, according to their ablations, are termed
Responda
  • Double dissociations
  • Single dissociations
  • Ablation studies
  • Lesion studies

Questão 21

Questão
The parahippocampal place area, extrastriate body area, and fusiform face area are all examples of
Responda
  • Modules
  • Distributed representations
  • Plasticity
  • Dorsal pathways

Questão 22

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a main reason as to why object perception is challenging?
Responda
  • The stimulus on the receptors is ambiguous
  • Objects can be hidden or blurred
  • Objects look different from different viewpoints
  • Physical and Semantic regularities are not constant

Questão 23

Questão
Which approach to psychology stimulated the founding of the approach stating that the whole differs from the sum of its parts?
Responda
  • Structuralist
  • Gestalt
  • Psychoanalytic
  • Cognitive

Questão 24

Questão
In perceptual organisation, [blank_start]grouping[blank_end] is the process by which visual elements are put together into units or objects
Responda
  • grouping

Questão 25

Questão
Which of the following is a property of the figure in the context of figure-ground segregation?
Responda
  • The figure is seen as behind the ground
  • The figure is seen as an unformed material without a specific shape at the points where it borders the ground
  • The figure is more memorable than the ground
  • The figure is always reversible with the ground

Questão 26

Questão
This image best serves as an example of which Gestalt principle of perceptual organisation?
Image:
Captureee (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • Common region
  • Common fate
  • Similarity
  • Pragnanz

Questão 27

Questão
What is the name of the heuristic which states that we usually assume that light is coming from above due to environmental knowledge?
Responda
  • Top-down heuristic
  • Light-from-above heuristic
  • Physical regularity heuristic
  • Semantic regularity heuristic

Questão 28

Questão
Sarah is in the park when suddenly a big black dog comes running up to her for a pat. The image of this dog on her retina was ambiguous and could have matched that of a small black car, or another type of black animal. According to Helmholtz and Bayes, how did Sarah correctly identify this as a dog?
Responda
  • Sarah used the likelihood principle and Bayesian inference to determine that in a park, a dog is the most likely option for the image on her retina
  • Sarah used semantic and physical regularities of her environment and understood that dogs are usually contained in her scene schema of the park
  • Sarah used additive and subtractive colour mixing to determine that the image on her retina was most similar to the colour of a dog
  • Sarah used global image features such as the degree of openness and expansion of the image on her retina to determine that these properties best lined up with dogs

Questão 29

Questão
According to Treisman, what serves as the "glue" between the physiology of the what and where streams?
Responda
  • Attention
  • Perception
  • Illusory conjunctions
  • Sensation

Questão 30

Questão
Chrissy mixes a paint that absorbs long wavelengths of light with a paint that absorbs short wavelengths of light. What colour is the resulting mixture?
Responda
  • Orange
  • White
  • Green
  • Purple

Questão 31

Questão
Chrissy mixes a light that absorbs long wavelengths of light with a light that absorbs short wavelengths of light and projects this mix onto a white surface. What colour is the resulting mixture?
Responda
  • White
  • Orange
  • Purple
  • Green

Questão 32

Questão
The fact that there are three different cone pigments within the eye is an example of ________ evidence for ___________ theory
Responda
  • physiological; trichromatic
  • behavioural; trichromatic
  • physiological; opponent-process
  • behavioural; opponent-process

Questão 33

Questão
It has been proposed that the trichromatic theory describes processes taking place in __________, whereas opponent-process theory describes processes taking place in _____________
Responda
  • receptors in the retina; neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus
  • neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus; receptors in the retina
  • dark environments; bright environments
  • bright environments; dark environments

Questão 34

Questão
What type of colour deficiency is often tested for by using Ishihara plates?
Responda
  • Dichromatism
  • Monochromatism
  • Anomalous trichromatism
  • Polychromatism

Questão 35

Questão
Larry is doing research into how we perceive colour and finds that the eye can adjust its sensitivity to different wavelengths to keep colour perception the same as illumination changes. This finding is consistent with the process of _______, which helps to explain the phenomenon of ________
Responda
  • Chromatic adaptation; colour constancy
  • Colour constancy; chromatic adaptation
  • Lightness constancy; selective adaptation
  • Selective adaptation; lightness constancy

Questão 36

Questão
in the context of lightness constancy, when an object is illuminated evenly the lightness is determined by the [blank_start]ratio of reflectance[blank_end] of the object to the reflectance of surrounding objects
Responda
  • ratio of reflectance

Questão 37

Questão
Pashmina is presented with an image of a yellow banana, and an image of a yellow raspberry. How is she likely to perceive the banana in comparison to the raspberry?
Responda
  • She will think the banana has a richer, more saturated colour than the raspberry
  • She will think the banana has a duller, less saturated colour than the raspberry
  • She will view the banana and raspberry as the same colour
  • She will see the banana as yellow, and the raspberry as red due to prior familiarity with these objects

Questão 38

Questão
Familiar size is a ________ depth cue, meaning it is based on _______
Responda
  • monocular; visual information from one eye
  • binocular; visual information from both eyes
  • monocular; visual information from both eyes
  • binocular; visual information from one eye

Questão 39

Questão
Marina is holding both of her arms out in front of her. As she moves her head sideways, she realises that the hand closest to her covers the hand that is further away. This is an example of which depth cue?
Responda
  • Deletion
  • Accretion
  • Motion parallax
  • Convergence

Questão 40

Questão
When Rachael looks at the tree in front of her, the image of the tree falls on corresponding points on the horopter. What does this mean?
Responda
  • The image seen is exactly the same in both eyes
  • The image seen is very different in each eye
  • If Rachael's eyes were superimposed on each other, the points on the retina at which the tree falls on each eye would overlap
  • If Rachael's eyes were superimposed on each other, the points on the retina at which the tree falls on each eye would not cross each other

Questão 41

Questão
Anna is looking at two objects in front of her. One is a tissue box, and behind this tissue box is a pencil case. The pencil case is on the horopter. Anna read in her psychology book that crossed disparity is likely to be occurring here, what does this mean?
Responda
  • The image of the tissue box is not falling on corresponding points, and the left eye will see the tissue box to the right of the pencil case, and the right eye will see the tissue box to the left of the pencil case.
  • The image of the tissue box is falling on corresponding points, and the left eye will see the tissue box to the right of the pencil case, and the right eye will see the tissue box to the left of the pencil case.
  • The image of the tissue box is not falling on corresponding points, and the left eye will see the tissue box to the left of the pencil case, and the right eye will see the tissue box to the right of the pencil case.
  • The image of the tissue box is falling on corresponding points, and the left eye will see the tissue box to the left of the pencil case, and the right eye will see the tissue box to the right of the pencil case.

Questão 42

Questão
Julia decided to go to the movies with her friend. They saw sharks in 3D, and had to wear special 3D glasses to see the movie. Julia tells her friend that the reason why they have to wear the special glasses is because there are two images being projected onto the screen, and these glasses allow one image to fall on the left eye and the other to fall on the right eye. Julia says that this is called stereopsis, and needs a number of additional pictorial cues to produce the illusion of depth in a 2D image. What is incorrect about these statements?
Responda
  • 3D glasses do not project one image onto each eye, rather they project both images onto both eyes but at noncorresponding points to create retinal disparity
  • This effect is not called stereopsis, it is called absolute disparity
  • No additional pictorial cues are needed for this effect to take place
  • There are actually 4 images being projected onto the screen, with two falling on each eye at corresponding points to alow the eyes to use binocular depth cues

Questão 43

Questão
In order for the visual system to calculate disparity, it must compare the images of objects on the left and right retinas in pairs, for example matching the image of a cactus on both eyes. However, objects sometimes stimulate different points on each retina, which has raised the question of how our brain matches up these images and knows to categorise them as pairs. What is this question called?
Responda
  • The correspondence problem
  • Emmert's law
  • The disparity problem
  • Perspective convergence

Questão 44

Questão
Outside of the primary visual cortex, where are neurons that respond to absolute disparity likely to be found?
Responda
  • Dorsal pathway
  • Ventral pathway
  • V1
  • A1

Questão 45

Questão
Lily is in a room full of objects, such as phones, pencils, laptops, tables, etc. Each of these objects is at a different distance from Lily. When Lily completely extends her arm and holds up her thumb, she finds that the phone in the distance is exactly covered by her thumb. What does this tell us about the image of the phone on the retina?
Responda
  • It has a visual angle of approximately 2 degrees
  • It is the object that is the furthest away from Lily
  • It falls on the horopter
  • It is being viewed with binocular depth cues

Questão 46

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a component in the size-distance scaling equation?
Responda
  • Perceived size
  • Retinal image
  • Perceived distance
  • Actual size

Questão 47

Questão
[blank_start]Emmert's[blank_end] law states that the farther away an afterimage appears, the larger it will seem
Responda
  • Emmert's

Questão 48

Questão
What optical illusion is this an example of?
Image:
Mul (binary/octet-stream)
Responda
  • Muller-Lyer
  • Ponzo
  • Ames room
  • Moon

Questão 49

Questão
The ________ explanation is where the top object in an illusion appears bigger than the bottom object due to depth information provided by converging railroad tracks that make the top object seem further away, despite them being the same size. This explains the _______ illusion
Responda
  • Conflicting cues; Ponzo
  • Misapplied scaling; Ponzo
  • Conflicting cues; Muller-Lyer
  • Misapplied scaling; Muller-Lyer

Questão 50

Questão
Why can't rabbits use disparity to perceive depth?
Responda
  • They are not smart enough
  • They do not have overlapping visual fields
  • They have overlapping visual fields
  • Their eyes are frontal

Questão 51

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a physical aspect of sound?
Responda
  • Sound waves
  • Frequency
  • Amplitude
  • Pitch

Questão 52

Questão
Periodic tones are made up of a variety of components. The component which is a pure tone with a frequency equal to the fundamental frequency is called the
Responda
  • Higher harmonic
  • First harmonic
  • Second harmonic
  • Fundamental harmonic

Questão 53

Questão
Removing a harmonic from a periodic tone changes the _______ but does not change the _______
Responda
  • waveform; rate of repetition
  • rate of repetition; waveform
  • fundamental frequency; higher harmonics
  • higher harmonics; fundamental frequency

Questão 54

Questão
An audibility curve indicates the threshold for hearing versus [blank_start]frequency[blank_end]
Responda
  • frequency

Questão 55

Questão
Low fundamental frequencies are associated with [blank_start]low[blank_end] pitches, and high fundamental frequencies are associated with [blank_start]high[blank_end] pitches
Responda
  • low
  • high

Questão 56

Questão
Which physical aspect of sound is timbre most closely related to?
Responda
  • A tone's harmonic structure
  • A tone's pitch
  • A tone's frequency
  • A tone's amplitude

Questão 57

Questão
Francine and Roald are talking to each other after their perception lecture on hearing. Francine says that she reckons the perceived pitch of a sound is indicated by the place on the basilar membrane at which the most vibration is occurring. This best lines up with which theory of pitch perception?
Responda
  • Place theory
  • Temporal theory
  • Amplitude modulation theory
  • Vibration theory

Questão 58

Questão
Why is the basilar membrane sometimes referred to as a frequency analyser?
Responda
  • As the place of maximum vibration on the basilar membrane depends on frequency, it functions as a filter that sorts tones by frequency
  • Auditory nerve fibres on the basilar membrane fire in synchrony with the rising and falling pressure of the pure tone to indicate frequency
  • Stereocilia located on the basilar membrane are mechanically gated and organised in height order, thus indicating which frequency occurs where
  • The tuning curves of the basilar membrane become wider at higher frequencies, and the basilar membrane analyses this to produce the perception of pitch

Questão 59

Questão
Laura has been having trouble hearing. She decides to go to a specialist, who finds that her inferior colliculi are both damaged, meaning information cannot reach this area from the ear. Assuming the rest of her pathway from the ear to the primary auditory cortex is undamaged, which structure will information travelling from the ear get up to?
Responda
  • Medial geniculate nuclei
  • Superior olivary nuclei
  • Ipsilateral cochlear nuclei
  • Cochlea nucleus

Questão 60

Questão
Where can the belt areas be found in relation to hearing?
Responda
  • Surrounding the core region
  • Outside of the secondary auditory cortex
  • Outside of the primary auditory cortex
  • In the lateral geniculate nucleus

Questão 61

Questão
Chelsea is participating in a research experiment. The researchers are trying to determine how well people can locate sounds in the azimuth dimension. They get Chelsea to sit in a dark room and play her various sounds at various locations, each sound is played either towards the top of the room or the bottom of the room. The left-right position of the sound stays the same, and the distance of the sound from Chelsea also stays the same. After Chelsea completes the study, she receives $20 as compensation for her time. What is the main error with this experiment?
Responda
  • This experiment is not testing the azimuth dimension, it is testing elevation
  • The researchers did not control for individual differences in hearing between participants
  • Researchers are not allowed to provide money to people for completing research studies, as this is viewed as a form of bribery
  • To accurately test sound localisation in the azimuth dimension, the researchers should have used a combination of binaural and monaural cues

Questão 62

Questão
Sounds that fall in the cone of confusion have
Responda
  • A larger ILD than ITD
  • A larger ITD than ILD
  • The same ILD and ITD
  • Different ILD and ITD

Questão 63

Questão
Max is participating in a research study. The researchers want to determine the areas of the brain most responsive to pitch. Max is placed in an fMRI and listens to a pitch-evoking stimulus consisting of harmonics in a complex tone, and a noise stimulus which consists of a band of frequencies covering the same frequencies as the pitch-evoking stimulus. When the researchers look at the fMRI, what are they likely to find?
Responda
  • The areas most responsive to the pitch-evoking stimulus will be found in the anterior auditory cortex
  • The areas most responsive to the noise stimulus will be found in the anterior auditory cortex
  • The areas most responsive to the pitch-evoking stimulus will be found in the posterior auditory cortex
  • The areas most responsive to the noise stimulus will be found in the posterior auditory cortex

Questão 64

Questão
Primrose is listening to a bunch of different sounds and seeing if she can determine where they are without looking at them. Primrose knows that her brain is likely to be using a number of binaural cues to help her determine the location of these sounds. Which cue will be most useful when she is trying to determine the location of high frequency sounds, and why?
Responda
  • Interaural level difference, as her head will reduce the intensity of high-frequency sounds that reach the ear farthest from the sound source
  • Interaural time difference, as her head will reduce the intensity of high-frequency sounds that reach the ear farthest from the sound source
  • Interaural level difference, as high-frequency sounds travel fastest to the ear closest to the sound source
  • Interaural time difference, as high-frequency sounds travel fastest to the ear closest to the sound source

Questão 65

Questão
Milly is participating in a research study, where they are putting a mold in everyone's ears that changes the shape of the pinnae. Milly is asked to wear this mold for 20 days, and the researchers measure her ability to localise a sound along the elevation coordinate before wearing the mold, on the first day of wearing the mold, on the final day of wearing the mold, and right after removing the mold. What are the results likely to show?
Responda
  • Milly will not be able to localise sounds along the elevation coordinate while wearing the mold, as this localisation is dependent on the pinnae. When the mold is removed, she will be able to localise as normal
  • Milly will be able to localise sounds along the elevation coordinate to the same degree despite the shape of the pinnae being changed, as people use a variety of monaural cues to determine elevation.
  • Milly will still be able to localise the elevation of sounds on the first day of wearing the mold, but not to the same degree. However, after wearing the mold for 20 days, she will have improved localisation due to adaptation. When removing the mold and measuring localisation directly after this, her localisation will remain excellent.
  • Milly will still be able to localise the elevation of sounds on the first day of wearing the mold, but not to the same degree. However, after wearing the mold for 20 days, she will have improved localisation due to adaptation. When removing the mold and measuring localisation directly after this, her localisation will again be not very good, until about 20 days has passed to allow her to readapt to the new shape of the pinnae.

Questão 66

Questão
Which of the following is an example of physiological evidence for sound localisation?
Responda
  • There are neurons called coincidence detectors which only fire when both signals coincide by arriving at the neuron simultaneously; the firing representing that ITD = 0
  • There are neurons called coincidence detectors which only fire when both signals coincide by arriving at the neuron simultaneously; the firing representing that ILD = 0
  • When people hear sound coming from two areas, they perceive the sound as coming from the source that reaches the ear first
  • When people hear sound coming from two areas, they perceive the sound as coming from the source that reaches the ear last

Questão 67

Questão
Carol is watching the TV while her brother watches youtube on his phone. Her brother decides it would be funny to play the same program that Carol is watching on TV onto his phone. However, he can't get the timing to line up, and in reality, the sound coming from his phone is 1 second slower than the sound coming from the TV. Carol's dad then walks into the room with his eyes closed. The ability of her dad to recognise that the sounds are coming from different sources due to the fact that they start at different times is reliant on which principle of auditory grouping?
Responda
  • Onset time
  • Lagging heuristic
  • Location
  • Interaural time difference

Questão 68

Questão
Kylie is looking at a sound spectrogram for the word "had". She identifies three frequencies at which peaks occur. What are these called?
Responda
  • Phonemes
  • Formants
  • Acoustic signals
  • Resonant frequencies

Questão 69

Questão
When viewing sound spectrograms, the rapid shifts in frequency preceding or following formats are called [blank_start]formant transitions[blank_end], and these are associated with consonants
Responda
  • formant transitions

Questão 70

Questão
Why is it hard to design a machine that can perceive acoustic signals based on analysis of phonemes?
Responda
  • There is no simple relationship between phoneme and acoustic signal
  • The computational power required to design such a machine is higher than we can accommodate for with current technology
  • The acoustic signal associated with a phoneme is too stable and doesn't provide enough nuance for computers to decipher
  • Computers are too good at perceptual constancy, thus do not perceive acoustic signals in the way humans can

Questão 71

Questão
Research has highlighted that for the sounds /di/ and /du/, we perceive the /d/ in each sound as the same, despite the acoustic signal being different. This difference in acoustic signal is explained by which source of variation?
Responda
  • Coarticulation
  • Categorical perception
  • Phonemic boundary
  • Phonemic restoration

Questão 72

Questão
When two VOTs are presented on either side of the phonetic boundary, what does the listener hear?
Responda
  • Two of the same sound
  • A combination of the two sounds, for example /da/ and /ta/ combine to make /ga/
  • Two different sounds
  • Two combined sounds, for example /da/ and /ta/ combine to make /ga/ twice

Questão 73

Questão
Imogen is watching the TV. The news reporter is talking about the weather for the next week. When she says the words "farther away", her lips move in a way that matches "farther away", but the sound glitches, so that it is similar to if somebody said "barther away". What is Imogen likely to perceive the reporter as saying?
Responda
  • Imogen will not notice the glitch, and hear the reporter as saying "farther away" based on her lip movements
  • Imogen will notice the glitch, and hear the reporter as saying "barther away" based on this audio
  • Imogen will notice the glitch, and combine information from the visual and auditory system to perceive the reporter as saying "garther away"
  • Imogen will notice the glitch, but due to her previous knowledge on commonly used words in the English language, will perceive the reporter as saying "farther away"

Questão 74

Questão
In the context of phonemic restoration, the observation that showing longer words increases the likelihood of the phonemic restoration effect due to participants using the additional context provided by the longer words to identify the masked phoneme highlights the role of ___________ in speech perception
Responda
  • Top-down processing
  • Bottom-up processing
  • The brain
  • The eyes

Questão 75

Questão
Which of the following is NOT an example of information we use to help us undergo speech segmentation?
Responda
  • Prior knowledge
  • Shadowing
  • Transitional probabilities
  • Statistical learning

Questão 76

Questão
Fran is a neuropsychologist working in a hospital and is visiting a new patient. She greets the patient, but they seem confused. When the patient starts speaking, their sentences are fluent and grammatically correct, but incoherent and difficult to understand. This patient is likely suffering from
Responda
  • Wernicke's aphasia
  • Broca's aphasia
  • Stroke
  • Word deafness

Questão 77

Questão
Which of the following is NOT an example of evidence that indicates plasticity occurs in speech perception?
Responda
  • Infants at 6 months old can tell the difference between sounds that create all of the speech used in the world, but by 12 months they have lot the ability to discriminate between sounds that do not appear in their language
  • Japanese infants at 6 months can tell the difference between /ra/ and /la/, but cannot do this at 12 months
  • American infants who were exposed to 9 months of Mandarin lessons via DVD were able to discriminate between Mandarin sounds at 12 months to the same degree as either Mandarin-speaking or 6-month-old infants
  • As they gain experience with their native language through social interactions and hearing people speak, infants become better at discriminating between phonemes that are distinguished within their language, and worse at discriminating between phonemes that are not distinguished

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