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PHAR 340 Final Exam Prep

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Pharmacy & Healthcare Systems Final Exam Prep
mlvanderhoef
Quiz por mlvanderhoef, atualizado more than 1 year ago
mlvanderhoef
Criado por mlvanderhoef mais de 8 anos atrás
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Resumo de Recurso

Questão 1

Questão
The primary role of the pharmacist is largely focused around:
Responda
  • medication consumption (e.g. to screen for contradictions and drug-drug interactions)
  • to serve as the physician's resource for information about medical therapies
  • to provide patient education about medications
  • A only
  • A, B and C

Questão 2

Questão
The closing of medical schools following the Flexner Report led to decreased minority and female students.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 3

Questão
Primary prevention initiatives in public health typically
Responda
  • cost more than secondary efforts
  • focuses on education and/or health policy
  • reverses genetic disease
  • target individuals rather than populations
  • none of the above

Questão 4

Questão
Suppose Physical Therapy is used to treat a disease; then Physical Therapy is associated with...
Responda
  • Primary prevention
  • Secondary prevention
  • Tertiary prevention
  • All of the above

Questão 5

Questão
Pharmacy educational outcome(s) set forth by CAPE (Center for Advancement in Pharmaceutical Education) in 2004 include:
Responda
  • Pharmaceutical Care
  • Systems Management
  • Public Health
  • All of the above

Questão 6

Questão
As discussed in the Public Health lecture, how many "Essential Public Health Services" are there?
Responda
  • 6
  • 8
  • 10
  • 12

Questão 7

Questão
Physician Assistants often team with nurses to provide independent, intradisciplinary care.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 8

Questão
What mail order pharmacists like most about their work environment was:
Responda
  • Repetitive nature of the work
  • Medication dispensing
  • Providing patient care
  • Dealing with insurance issues

Questão 9

Questão
The primary responsibility of a mail order pharmacist has evolved from medication preparation to:
Responda
  • patient counseling via toll free phone calls
  • personnel management
  • financial management
  • dealing with state regulatory affairs

Questão 10

Questão
Sunscreen is an example of...
Responda
  • Primary prevention
  • Secondary prevention
  • Tertiary prevention
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Questão 11

Questão
Quality means different things to different people and can be based on involvement, need, price, and experience.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 12

Questão
The pharmacist's code of ethics at one time stated that a pharmacist should never discuss therapeutic effects with patients.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 13

Questão
Which healthcare professional has the most in quantity?
Responda
  • Nurses
  • Physicians
  • Pharmacists
  • Pharmacy technicians

Questão 14

Questão
In all states, physician assistants have unlimited prescribing authority for all legend (prescription) drugs.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 15

Questão
A prescribed legend drug indicated for a chronic disease (e.g. diabetes) is an example of...
Responda
  • Primary prevention
  • Secondary prevention
  • Tertiary prevention
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Questão 16

Questão
The "iron triangle" of health care include(s):
Responda
  • Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention
  • Disease, Diagnosis, Prognosis
  • Assessment, Monitor, Assurance
  • Access, Cost, Quality

Questão 17

Questão
Public Health Pharmacists can encompass all of the following EXCEPT:
Responda
  • Disaster preparedness
  • Chronic disease education
  • Exercise/Nutrition education
  • Medication adherence
  • Surgical removal of a cancerous tumor

Questão 18

Questão
The HMO act of 1973 mandated inclusion of a prepaid, fixed-free option for some employers.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 19

Questão
Public Health encompasses disease prevention measures, sanitation, occupational safety, and more.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 20

Questão
The Hill-Burton Act provided federal funding for hospitals.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 21

Questão
Responsibility for optimizing all of a patient's drug therapy is accepted by _____________ in the Pharmaceutical Care model.
Responda
  • the primary care physician
  • the patient
  • The internal medicine physician
  • the pharmacist
  • the care team (including physician(s), pharmacist(s), and the patient)

Questão 22

Questão
According to Dr. Arneson's lecture the most common type of community pharmacy is:
Responda
  • Chain
  • Supermarket
  • Independent
  • Mass merchandise

Questão 23

Questão
In 2006, the average number of prescription drug purchases is greater by the "poor" than for the "middle income" or "high income".
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 24

Questão
When Americans in the 18th and 19th century became sick, most were cared for by:
Responda
  • Allopathic physicians
  • Osteopathic physicians
  • Family members or self
  • Hospital wards

Questão 25

Questão
In 2006, males tended to have higher average number of prescription including refill than females.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 26

Questão
White Coat ceremonies are primarily intended to:
Responda
  • create/increase parent or family support
  • celebrate students' matriculation
  • increase professionalism
  • unify healthcare dress code
  • create alumni donation opportunities

Questão 27

Questão
Aseptic and antiseptic techniques were developed in response to
Responda
  • miasma theory of disease
  • Galen's Humoralism
  • germ theory of disease
  • allopathic measures

Questão 28

Questão
The motivation of a professional shares this theme with Concordia's mission:
Responda
  • helping students
  • religious roots
  • service to others
  • development of mind, body & spirit
  • none of the above

Questão 29

Questão
Which of the following health outcomes are reflective of health care in the United States when compared to other developed countries (e.g. England, Canada)
Responda
  • lower infant mortality
  • spends more on health care
  • has the best cost-to-benefit ratio
  • has the worst cost-to-benefit ratio

Questão 30

Questão
Millis Commission Report (1975) indicated pharmacists were inadequately prepared in systems analysis, management, and communication skills.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 31

Questão
The uninsured rate in the US in 2010 is around
Responda
  • 0% (the US has socialized medicine and everyone is covered)
  • 1.63%
  • 16.3%
  • 100%
  • None of the above

Questão 32

Questão
According to the definition of Quality (in healthcare), it is intended to increase:
Responda
  • repeatability of health care interventions
  • desired health outcomes
  • predictability of patient outcomes
  • patient satisfaction
  • care efficacy and reimbursement efficiency

Questão 33

Questão
Most Americans in the 19th century believed in ______________ to explain health and the body.
Responda
  • Germ Theory
  • Miasma Theory
  • Humoralism

Questão 34

Questão
Based on this figure (8), the poor, minority, and immigrants (Non-citizens) are more likely to be uninsured.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 35

Questão
The area both independent community and chain community pharmacists like least about their practice settings is:
Responda
  • Interaction with patients
  • Technology
  • Dealing with insurance issues
  • Over the counter products

Questão 36

Questão
When compared to other economically developed countries, the United States
Responda
  • has lower infant mortality
  • spends more on health care
  • has longer life expectancy

Questão 37

Questão
Cost is the biggest factor or reason for not having health insurance. The current healthcare reform provides provisions and incentives to lower this barrier.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 38

Questão
The United States has _______________ health care standards (licensure, regulation, etc.) among economically developed countries.
Responda
  • the highest
  • average
  • the lowest

Questão 39

Questão
Health Literacy is a severe problem for non-English speaking Americans but only a minor concern for the remainder of the population.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 40

Questão
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of interdisciplinary care?
Responda
  • Effective communication among professionals
  • Increase planning/scheduling difficulty
  • Effective communication with the patient
  • Independent work for the good of the patient
  • Multiple professionals

Questão 41

Questão
In 1905, the American Medical Association, with the support from the Carnegie Foundation, commissioned a study of U.S. medical schools in response to decades of concern about the quality of medical education and training. The resulting Flexner Report is considered a benchmark in the history of medical education because it:
Responda
  • RESULTED in the closure of all medical schools that did not meet established quality criteria
  • stimulated licensing legislation and established new requirements pertaining to training lengths and quality standards in laboratories and other training facilities
  • all of the above

Questão 42

Questão
Health Care reforms have begun changing the emphasis in medical practice from treating illness in individual patients to maintaining wellness in community populations. This shift poses major challenges to the medical education process because:
Responda
  • medical school education and training has historically focused on curing illness, not preventing it
  • preventative medicine has historically been assigned low priority in medical school curricula
  • all of the above

Questão 43

Questão
An individual working in a pharmacy (setting) who, under the supervision of a licensed pharmacist, assists in pharmacy activities that do not require the professional judgment of a pharmacist, would describe a:
Responda
  • pharmacy intern
  • pharmacy technician
  • pharmacy resident

Questão 44

Questão
The "state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" refers to the:
Responda
  • Definition of pharmaceutical care
  • Definition of health by the World Health Organization
  • Definition of health by Healthy People 2010

Questão 45

Questão
Blue Cross Hospital Insurance, the predominant form of health insurance for decades, was modeled after:
Responda
  • Baylor University Hospital's school teachers plan
  • the American Hospital Association policies
  • the American Red Cross

Questão 46

Questão
The health care system in the United States has been described as a "sickness system" developed for acute disease rather than prevention or reduction of chronic disease.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 47

Questão
Two major factors explaining the decline in infant mortality rates and an increase in life expectancy that are generally cited as explanations: (1) Changes in standard of living or lifestyle, including improvements in personal hygiene, diet, and housing (2) Advances in public health measures (3) Progress in medical practices including therapeutic interventions in the treatment of patients
Responda
  • 1 and 2
  • 1 and 3
  • 2 and 3

Questão 48

Questão
The initial reaction of the American Medical Association (AMA) to Blue Cross hospital insurance plans suggested that the plans:
Responda
  • Would strengthen the quality of hospital care
  • Were unsound and unethical
  • Would help boost physician income

Questão 49

Questão
Major obstacles to ensuring an efficient and rational health workforce in the future include:
Responda
  • Separate and often conflicting interests of governments, educational institutions, professional organizations, insurers, and providers
  • Declining need for health care professionals in several categories of practice
  • Interprofessionalism and interdisciplinary care

Questão 50

Questão
Until the mid-1980s, hospitals were reimbursed for their expenses of the prior year on a "retrospective" basis. Now they are paid a certain amount for each patient's care on a "prospective" basis. The amount they are paid is based on:
Responda
  • diagnosis related groups (DRGs)
  • prospective patient categories (PPCs)
  • epidemiology

Questão 51

Questão
To reduce health care costs, the patient should avoid the hospital emergency room for a(n) _______________ problem, and should go to a physician office, urgent care center or clinic setting, instead.
Responda
  • immediate
  • non-urgent
  • emergent

Questão 52

Questão
"Heroic" methods (including bleeding, purging, sweating, etc.) are most closely associated with:
Responda
  • Humoralism and Orthodox physicians
  • Osteopathy
  • Miasma and Sectarian physicians
  • Homeopathic physicians

Questão 53

Questão
The Hill-Burton Act
Responda
  • Provided federal funding for hospitals
  • Created to separate categories of drugs (prescription & OTC)
  • Provided federal funding for polio vaccination programs
  • Amended the pure food & drug act to create the FDA

Questão 54

Questão
The closing of medical schools following the Flexner Report led to decreased minority and female students.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 55

Questão
An overlap of duties leading to professional conflict might occur between:
Responda
  • Physicians and Pharmacists
  • Registered Nurses and Physical Therapists
  • Physician Assistants and Nurse Practitioners
  • Occupational Therapists and Registered Nurses

Questão 56

Questão
A professional's preparation and duties are likely to include
Responda
  • Specialized skills training
  • Continuing education
  • Basic scientific theory
  • Credentialing
  • All of the above

Questão 57

Questão
The federal government licenses pharmacists to practice in all states and territories except Illinois and New Mexico.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 58

Questão
In 1915, Abraham Flexner declared pharmacy
Responda
  • Shouldn't receive War Dept. commissions
  • Was not a profession
  • Should share physicians education systems
  • Had achieved doctoral status
  • None of the above

Questão 59

Questão
The Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act is best known for:
Responda
  • Portability of insurance coverage
  • Patient privacy rules
  • Portability of patient records
  • The Hyde Amendment
  • The Flexner Amendment

Questão 60

Questão
In the 20th century, hospital insurance plans, including Medicare, are often credited with
Responda
  • Stabilizing hospital financing
  • Restricting hospital growth
  • Decreasing outpatient services
  • Non of the above are true

Questão 61

Questão
The federal government operates a number of hospitals for specific populations, including
Responda
  • Veterans
  • Military personnel
  • Native Americans
  • A and B only
  • A, B, and C

Questão 62

Questão
In what period did almost all (hospital) administrators in their organizations, responded by cutting administrative expenses, reducing staff and services, and employing other methods to maintain viability?
Responda
  • Pre-Great Depression
  • Post-Great Depression
  • The technology boom in the late 1990's
  • Recession that began in 2008

Questão 63

Questão
Horizontal Integration is
Responda
  • the term to describe an affiliation between hospitals
  • the term used to describe an affiliation between inpatient surgery centers
  • the term used to describe a commensalistic relationship between local public health units
  • None of the above

Questão 64

Questão
Whereas a retrospective payment type is fee-for-service, a prospective payment service type is
Responda
  • Diagnosis-Reform Group
  • Diagnosis -Related Group
  • Disease-Related Group
  • None of the above

Questão 65

Questão
Public Health encompasses disease prevention measures, sanitation, occupational safety, and more.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 66

Questão
Major obstacles to ensuring an efficient and rational health workforce in the future include:
Responda
  • Separate and often conflicting interests of governments, educational institutions, professional organizations, insurers, and providers
  • Declining need for health care professionals in several categories of practice
  • Interprofessionalism and interdisciplinary care

Questão 67

Questão
Select the true statement:
Responda
  • Persons with co-occurring disorders often have more instances of premature death and higher rates of disability that hose who don’t have co-occurring disorder.
  • Persons with co-occurring disorders do not have more instances of premature death and higher rates of disability that hose who don’t have co-occurring disorder.
  • Neither are true

Questão 68

Questão
Select the true statement:
Responda
  • From 2008 to 2014, there is a projected 6.6% annual decrease in spending for mental health and substance use services in the US.
  • From 2008 to 2014, there is a projected 6.6% annual increase in spending for mental health and substance use services in the US.
  • There will not be a % change in spending for mental health during this period in the US.

Questão 69

Questão
These groups/cultures are “at-risk” populations – and more likely to delay or not seek mental health care/treatment
Responda
  • Cultural and linguistic minorities
  • Rural populations
  • Women and children in lower socio-economics
  • A and C only
  • All of the above

Questão 70

Questão
Evidence-based practice/medicine/pharmacy:
Responda
  • Is supported by research that is published in the clinical literature
  • The type of practice that is the basis of curriculum now offered by healthcare professions’ schools and colleges
  • Clinical literature that is reviewed and summarized by professionals with expertise in the specific area
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Questão 71

Questão
In a collaborative practice environment, a clinical psychiatric pharmacist can:
Responda
  • Provide medication management services
  • Initiate and discontinue med use
  • Dose and refill authorizations
  • Laboratory monitoring
  • All of the above

Questão 72

Questão
Factors influencing prescriber behavior include: 
Responda
  • Education (e.g., Training in pharmacotherapeutics; Preceptors’ prescribing habits)
  • Control and regulatory mechanisms
  • Demands by consumers and society
  • Promotional activities by drug manufacturers
  • All of the above

Questão 73

Questão
What is the order of the pharmaceutical supply chain?
Responda
  • Raw Material Supply Manufacturing  Distribution  Dispensing  Patient
  • Raw Material Supply Patient  Manufacturing  Distribution  Dispensing
  • Raw Material Supply Dispensing  Patient  Manufacturing  Distribution
  • None of the above

Questão 74

Questão
Select the false statement:
Responda
  • Once a drug is approved for the market, the FDA has the ultimate power to determine how it is ultimately used.
  • Non-FDA-approved (“off-label”) indications are uses of a product that were not approved by the FDA, but have shown value after approval based on postmarketing research.
  • Non-FDA-approved indications cannot be promoted by the manufacturer.

Questão 75

Questão
Researchers test an experimental drug or treatment in a small group of healthy people (20-80) for the first time to evaluate its safety, determine a safe dosage range, and identify side effects.
Responda
  • Phase I
  • Phase II
  • Phase III
  • Phase IV

Questão 76

Questão
A ________ drug treats rare medical conditions / disease, affecting fewer than 200,000 patients in USA, may be sold without competition for seven years, National Organization of Rare Diseases (NORD) & European Organization for Rare Diseases (EURORDIS)
Responda
  • Oprah
  • Orphan
  • Albano
  • Vu
  • None of the above

Questão 77

Questão
Drug Labeling:
Responda
  • All printed information accompanying a drug, label, wrapping & package insert
  • FDA Division of Marketing, Advertising & Communication seeks balanced, not misleading, scientifically accurate information for health care practitioners
  • Label claim (indication) is particularly important to sponsor because of its connection to reimbursement
  • A and B only
  • All of the above

Questão 78

Questão
Select the false/untrue factor(s) that change demand:
Responda
  • Prices of related goods
  • Money income of the producer
  • Number of consumers in the market
  • Attitudes, tastes, and preferences of the consumer
  • Consumer expectations with respect to future prices and incomes

Questão 79

Questão
Select the false/untrue factor(s) that change supply:
Responda
  • Techniques of production, including technology
  • Number of buyers in the market
  • Resource costs (material and wages)
  • Prices for related goods
  • Sellers’ expectations

Questão 80

Questão
Demand is ___________if an increase in price causes the quantity demanded to decrease enough to result in a decrease of total revenue.
Responda
  • Elastic
  • Inelastic
  • Unitary
  • None of the above

Questão 81

Questão
Typical Home Care services include all EXCEPT 
Responda
  • Homemaker
  • Wound care
  • Parenteral nutrition
  • Minor home surgery
  • Hospice care

Questão 82

Questão
Select the true statement:
Responda
  • Hospice services cannot legally be provided in a patient's home in most states.
  • Hospice services can legally be provided in a patient's home in most states.

Questão 83

Questão
Major changes that have occurred in IV infusion devices as a result of the growth of home care.
Responda
  • the size and weight of infusion devices have decreased dramatically
  • Manufacturers have introduced disposable infusion devices
  • Pharmacists can only administer them
  • A and B only
  • All of the above

Questão 84

Questão
Home care pharmacy standards according to ASHP can include:
Responda
  • Initial patient database and assessment
  • Selection of products, devices, and ancillary supplies
  • Clinical monitoring
  • A and B only
  • All of the above

Questão 85

Questão
The advent of Medicare Part D coverage in 2008 provided partial or full coverage of home care medications.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 86

Questão
Select the false statement regarding PPACA implementation and Medicare and Medicaid provisions:
Responda
  • Offering Relief for 4 Million Seniors Who Hit the Medicare Prescription Drug Reimbursement Gap (donut hole): provides a one-time, tax-free $250 rebate check for uncovered prescription drug costs (2010).
  • Offering Prescription Drug Discounts: provides Medicare recipients who reach the prescription drug coverage gap with a 50% discount when buying Medicare Part D covered brand-name prescription drugs; for the next 10 years, seniors will receive additional savings on brand-name and generic drugs until the coverage gap is closed in 2020 (2011).
  • Providing Free Preventive Care for Seniors: provides certain free preventive services, such as annual wellness visits and personalized prevention plans for seniors on Medicare (2011).
  • Reducing Health Care Fraud and Abuse: invests new resources and requires new screening procedures for health care providers to boost federal antifraud and waste initiatives in Medicare ONLY.

Questão 87

Questão
Select the false statement regarding PPACA implementation and Medicare and Medicaid provisions:
Responda
  • Improving Health care Quality and Efficiency: establishes a new Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation (James Bresette) to test new ways of delivering care to patients to improve the quality of care, and reduce the rate of growth in costs for Medicare, Medicaid and CHIP (2011).
  • Linking Payment to Quality Outcomes: establishes a hospital Value Based Purchasing program in Traditional Medicare, offering financial incentives to hospitals to improve the quality of care; requires hospitals to publicly report performance for certain diagnoses and patients’ perceptions of care (2012).
  • Encouraging Integrated Health Systems: provides incentives for physicians hospitals to join together to form “Accountable Care Organizations” to better coordinate Medicare beneficiary patient care and improve quality, help prevent disease and illness and reduce unnecessary hospital admissions (2012).
  • Improving Preventive Health Coverage: provides new funding to state Medicaid programs that choose to cover preventive services for patients at a cost (equal to or similar to prescription gap/donut hole reimbursement) to expand the number of Americans receiving preventive care (2012).

Questão 88

Questão
Select the false statement regarding PPACA implementation and Medicare and Medicaid provisions:
Responda
  • Allowing States to Cover More People on Medicaid: provides federal matching funds for states covering some additional low-income individuals and families under Medicaid for whom federal funds were not previously available (2010).
  • Increasing Access to Services at Home and in the Community: allows states to offer home and community-based services to disabled individuals through Medicaid rather than institutional care in nursing homes through the Community First Choice Option (2011).
  • Increasing Medicaid Payments for only Sub-specialty Doctors and Surgeons: requires states to pay them no less than 100% of Medicare payment rates in 2013 and 2014 for primary care services.
  • All are false

Questão 89

Questão
Select the false statement regarding PPACA implementation and Medicare and Medicaid provisions:
Responda
  • Providing Additional Funding for the CHIP: provides states with two additional years of funding to continue coverage for children not eligible for Medicaid (2013).
  • Increasing Access to Medicaid: enables Americans who earn less than 133% of the federal poverty level eligible to enroll in Medicaid; provides states with 100% federal funding for the first 3 years to support this expanded coverage, phasing to 90% federal funding in subsequent years (2014).
  • Increasing Federal Match for CHIP: provide states with a 23% increase in CHIP matching rate up to 100%; CHIP eligible children excluded from the program because of enrollment caps are eligible for tax credits in the state health insurance exchanges (2015).
  • None are false; all are true

Questão 90

Questão
Addressing Overpayments to Big Insurance Companies and Strengthening Medicare Advantage (MA): eliminates additional Medicare costs from Medicare managed care plans (MA) and provides bonus payments to MA plans that provide high-quality care (2011).
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 91

Questão
Improving Preventive Health Coverage: provides new funding to state Medicaid programs that choose to cover preventive services for patients at little or no cost to expand the number of Americans receiving preventive care (2012), is which outcome:
Responda
  • Providing New Consumer Protections
  • Improving Quality and Lowering Costs
  • Increasing Access to Affordable Care
  • Holding Insurance Companies Accountable

Questão 92

Questão
Increasing Medicaid Payments for Primary Care Doctors: requires states to pay primary care physicians no less than 100% of Medicare payment rates in 2013 and 2014 for primary care services, with full federal funding of the increase; the requirement anticipates an influx of new Medicaid enrollees into the system (2013), is which outcome:
Responda
  • Providing New Consumer Protections
  • Improving Quality and Lowering Costs
  • Increasing Access to Affordable Care
  • Holding Insurance Companies Accountable

Questão 93

Questão
Providing Additional Funding for the CHIP: provides states with two additional years of funding to continue coverage for children not eligible for Medicaid (2013), is which outcome:
Responda
  • Providing New Consumer Protections
  • Improving Quality and Lowering Costs
  • Increasing Access to Affordable Care
  • Holding Insurance Companies Accountable

Questão 94

Questão
Addressing Overpayments to Big Insurance Companies and Strengthening Medicare Advantage (MA): eliminates additional Medicare costs from Medicare managed care plans (MA) and provides bonus payments to MA plans that provide high-quality care (2011), is which outcome:
Responda
  • Providing New Consumer Protections
  • Improving Quality and Lowering Costs
  • Increasing Access to Affordable Care
  • Holding Insurance Companies Accountable

Questão 95

Questão
Putting Information for Consumers Online: establishes a website on which consumers can compare health insurance coverage options and choose their preference (2010), is which outcome:
Responda
  • Providing New Consumer Protections
  • Improving Quality and Lowering Costs
  • Increasing Access to Affordable Care
  • Holding Insurance Companies Accountable

Questão 96

Questão
Which is a true statement?
Responda
  • The pharmacist’s code of ethics at one time stated that a pharmacist should never discuss therapeutic effects with physician assistants.
  • The pharmacist’s code of ethics at one time stated that a pharmacist should never discuss therapeutic effects with patients.
  • The pharmacy technician code of ethics at one time stated that a pharmacist should never discuss therapeutic effects with patients.
  • None of the above are true

Questão 97

Questão
Which statement is true?
Responda
  • The HMO Act of 1973 mandated exclusion of a prepaid, fixed-fee option for some employers.
  • The HMO Act of 1973 mandated inclusion of a prepaid, fixed-fee option for some employers.
  • The HMO Act of 1973 mandated inclusion of a cost-plus option for some employers.
  • None of the above are true

Questão 98

Questão
Select the true statement:
Responda
  • The Hill-Burton Act provided federal funding for hospitals
  • The Hill-Burton Act provided federal funding for Veterans Administration hospitals only
  • The Hill-Burton Act provided federal funding for Critical Access hospitals
  • None are true

Questão 99

Questão
Select the true statement.
Responda
  • In 2006, the average number of prescription drug purchases is greater by the poor than for the middle income or high income.
  • In 2006, the average number of prescription drug purchases is lesser by the poor than for the middle income or high income.
  • In 2006, the average number of prescription drug purchases is equal by the poor, middle income, and high income.
  • None of the above

Questão 100

Questão
Which is a true statement?
Responda
  • Millis Commission report (1975) indicated that pharmacists were adequately prepared in systems analysis, management, and communication skills.
  • Millis Commission report (1975) indicated that pharmacists were inadequately prepared in systems analysis, management, and communication skills.
  • Millis Commission report (1975) indicated that pharmacists were inadequately prepared in pharmaceutical, sociological, and psychological skills.
  • None of the about are true

Questão 101

Questão
Select the true statement.
Responda
  • The poor, minority, or immigrants (Non-citizens) are more likely to be uninsured compared to wealthier, white non-hispanic, or a US citizen
  • The poor, minority, or immigrants (Non-citizens) are more likely to be insured compared to wealthier, white non-hispanic, or a US citizen
  • All of the above are true
  • None of the above

Questão 102

Questão
Select the true statement.
Responda
  • Cost is the biggest factor or reason for not having health insurance.
  • Losing a job is the biggest factor or reason for not having health insurance.
  • Being healthy is the biggest factor or reason for not having health insurance.
  • None of the above are true.

Questão 103

Questão
Specialty pharmacies:
Responda
  • are projected not to exist within the next 10 years.
  • are only found in rural areas.
  • are the most prevalent of all community pharmacies.
  • usually specialize in the medication management of one or two disease states.

Questão 104

Questão
Nuclear pharmacist:
Responda
  • have the most direct patient contact of any of the areas of pharmacy practice.
  • require specialized training beyond the traditional pharmacy training.
  • only work in the evening.
  • glow in the dark.

Questão 105

Questão
Pharmacist in mail-order pharmacies:
Responda
  • only fill prescriptions
  • never have to deal with patient insurance issues
  • only work weekends
  • have evolved to manning phone banks to council and answer patient questions

Questão 106

Questão
A _____________ is a continually updated list of medications and related information, representing the clinical judgment of pharmacists, physicians, and other experts in the diagnosis and treatment of disease and promotion of health.
Responda
  • Guernica
  • Formulary
  • Bar code
  • Computerized physician order entry (CPOE)

Questão 107

Questão
Some challenges of medication reconciliation (performing or implementing it) include:
Responda
  • Time constraints
  • Health literacy
  • Interview skills
  • B and C only
  • All of the above

Questão 108

Questão
Centralized hospital pharmacy is the distribution of medications and pharmacy services occurring from a centralized pharmacy location with medication storage area, sterile preparation area (clean room), and medication cart filling area. Other advantages include:
Responda
  • Fewer professional and technical resources needed
  • Less drug inventory and supply costs
  • Lack of face-to-face interaction with patients and providers
  • A and B only
  • All of the above

Questão 109

Questão
Incident-to-billing can be used in which of the following practice settings:
Responda
  • A hospital-based clinic
  • An independent clinic
  • A community pharmacy
  • A dependent hospital

Questão 110

Questão
A law that compels hospital to treat patients who present in the emergency room regardless of ability to pay or insurance status. The law also intends to prevent “patient dumping.”
Responda
  • Emergency Medical Treatment and Association Labor Act B. Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Law Act
  • Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Law Act
  • Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Legal Act
  • Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act

Questão 111

Questão
Select the true statement:
Responda
  • The patient centered medical home (PCMH) is not simply a place but a model of organization of primary care that delivers the core functions of primary health care. It does not encompass these five functions and attributes: Comprehensive care, Patient- centered, coordinated care, accessible services, quality and safety.
  • The patient centered medical home (PCMH) is not simply a place but a model of organization of primary care that delivers the core functions of primary health care. It encompasses five functions and attributes: Comprehensive care, Patient-centered, coordinated care, accessible services, quality and safety.
  • PCMH is a United States law
  • PCMH has not demonstrated quality

Questão 112

Questão
Ambulatory Care is:
Responda
  • Healthcare services provided to a patient who is not an inpatient in a healthcare institution (e.g., nursing home or hospital) and can walk or move about to obtain those services.
  • The provision of integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community.
  • Considered inpatient hospitals services
  • None of the above

Questão 113

Questão
Health care reforms have begun changing the emphasis in medical practice from treating illness in individual patients to maintaining wellness in community populations. This shift poses major challenges to the medical education process because:
Responda
  • medical school education and training has historically focused on curing illness, not preventing it
  • preventive medicine has historically been assigned low priority in medical school curricula
  • preventive medicine has always been a focus of the pharmacy profession
  • A and B only
  • All of the above

Questão 114

Questão
Infrastructure investment secured by Hill-Burton Act further propelling the growth of:
Responda
  • YMCA Gymnasiums
  • American Pharmacists Association
  • Corner drug stores
  • Hospitals

Questão 115

Questão
Insurers can increase cost containment efforts via:
Responda
  • Prior approvals or prior authorization
  • Primary care as gatekeepers
  • Promotion of tertiary prevention
  • A and B only
  • All of the above

Questão 116

Questão
Hospital mergers or acquisitions often take advantage of:
Responda
  • Finance of Scale
  • Scale of Economy
  • Scale of Justice
  • Economies of Scale

Questão 117

Questão
In part due to a shift from acute to chronic disease:
Responda
  • Hospital systems have increased outpatient (or ambulatory care) facilities and services as well as other healthcare interests
  • Hospital systems have decreased outpatient (or ambulatory care) facilities and services as well as other healthcare interests
  • Hospital systems have not changed
  • None of the above are true

Questão 118

Questão
The Patient Protection Affordable Care Act proposed a mandate that taxes tanning via artificial tanning beds; the tax rate is:
Responda
  • 10%
  • 50%
  • 100%
  • Taxing to decrease behavior has never been done

Questão 119

Questão
The Patient Protection Affordable Care Act has curtailed restrictions (by insurers) on:
Responda
  • pre-existing conditions
  • lifetime limits
  • practicing preventive health
  • A and B only
  • All of the above

Questão 120

Questão
The Patient Protection Affordable Care Act specifically mentions the word “Pharmacist."
Responda
  • Yes, pharmacist provisions are increasing
  • No, pharmacist provisions are decreasing
  • Yes, pharmacist are encouraged to be like physicians
  • No, pharmacist are encouraged to be like nurses

Questão 121

Questão
According to a JAMA report in 1995, 78% of system failures and errors can be attributed to:
Responda
  • Unlimited information access
  • Limited information access
  • lacking standardization
  • B and C only
  • None of the above

Questão 122

Questão
Computerized Provider Order Entry:
Responda
  • can be orders for labs, medications, etc.
  • eliminates verbal, telephone, faxed orders
  • ensures orders are legible
  • A and B only
  • All of the above

Questão 123

Questão
One way to reduce medication error rate is with
Responda
  • Bar Channel Medication Administration
  • Bar Channel Medicine Administration
  • Bar Code Medication Administration
  • Bar Code Medication Association

Questão 124

Questão
An example of adjudication in healthcare is
Responda
  • defaulting on a pharmacy claim
  • processing a pharmacy claim
  • Neither A or B is an example
  • Both A and B are examples

Questão 125

Questão
With respect to bioinformatics and the overall consequences:
Responda
  • Anticipate technology outpacing policies, procedures, practices
  • Ramifications of large systems and automated processes
  • Health information exchange and data ownership
  • B and C only
  • All of the above

Questão 126

Questão
Factor(s) which might make a patient a good "fit" for home care include
Responda
  • Too “sick” for self-care but healthy enough to avoid institutional setting
  • home care services available in the area
  • available of family members to assist
  • a and b only
  • a, b, and c

Questão 127

Questão
Activities of Daily Living (ADL) are the basic measurement for determining...
Responda
  • quality of nursing home care
  • appropriateness of Long-Term Care (LTC) setting selection
  • patient age
  • none of the above
  • all of the above

Questão 128

Questão
Demand quantity generally always decreases as price increases because
Responda
  • replacement products lower prices
  • utility is often elastic as prices increase
  • fewer buyers have ability or willingness to pay the higher price
  • complementary products become available as substitutes
  • the number of consumers in the market increases

Questão 129

Questão
For pharmacists, Mental Health patients often present....
Responda
  • increased risk of drug interaction issues
  • increased risk of medication adherence problems
  • enhanced patient communication
  • A and B only
  • all of the above

Questão 130

Questão
For pharmacists and the interprofessional team, mental health patients often present(s):
Responda
  • increase risk of drug interaction issues
  • increased risk of medication adherence problems
  • increased difficulty in communication
  • the same need for compassionate care
  • all of the above

Questão 131

Questão
Which characteristic is typically associated with a modern hospital?
Responda
  • staffed by health care professionals
  • provides both ambulatory and inpatient care
  • includes pharmacists as a part of the care team
  • concentration of healthcare facilities and equipment
  • all of the above

Questão 132

Questão
Select the true statement about mental health and substance abuse:
Responda
  • All patients of employer-based insurance plans suffering from a mental or substance abuse disor der avoid diagnosis or treatment.
  • All physicians of employer-based insurance plans suffering from a mental or substance abuse dis order avoid diagnosis or treatment.
  • Many physicians of employer-based insurance plans suffering from a mental or substance abuse disorder avoid diagnosis or treatment.
  • Many patients of employer-based insurance plans suffering from a mental or substance abuse dis order avoid diagnosis or treatment.

Questão 133

Questão
The following statements concerning the Veterans Administration are true:
Responda
  • The VA system includes medical centers, outpatient clinics and community clinics
  • VA pharmacists provide a large variety of clinical services
  • Ambulatory services available through the VA are restricted to combat related illnesses
  • a and b
  • All of the above

Questão 134

Questão
Home care pharmacy standards are developed by:
Responda
  • American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
  • American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
  • American Colleges of Pharmaceutical Education
  • All of the above

Questão 135

Questão
Improving economic performance of the health care system through introducing all aspects of market forces to improve cost and quality should include:
Responda
  • Making patients more sensitive costs and quality (e.g., transparency of information; tiered cost- sharing, defined contributions for health insurance)
  • Report costs, quality, and quantity of services of providers to promote competition among providers.
  • Design physician and hospital reimbursement schemes with incentives to reduce costs.
  • B and C only
  • All of the above

Questão 136

Questão
Many policy makers believe health care is a(n)_________, and therefore, should be regulated as a public utility (control fees and prices).
Responda
  • oligopoly
  • monopsony
  • elastic demand
  • monopoly

Questão 137

Questão
All of the following contribute to increased competition EXCEPT:
Responda
  • open information
  • available substitute goods
  • lower barriers to entry
  • many market participants
  • a strong patent and copyright system

Questão 138

Questão
Elasticity refers to change in demanded quantity due to change in
Responda
  • number of consumers
  • availability of substitutes
  • price
  • supply
  • none of the above

Questão 139

Questão
The average charge for Assisted Living in the US is...
Responda
  • significantly higher than skilled nursing care
  • approximately $3300/month (2010 data)
  • approximately $200/bed/day (2010 data)
  • 100% covered by Medicare and Medicaid
  • none of the above

Questão 140

Questão
Hospitals have reacted to Medicare’s Prospective Payment System (PPS) and insurance plan capitation by
Responda
  • increasing use of PAs and NPs
  • performing more services on an inpatient basis
  • increasing outpatient services offered
  • requiring minimum patient stay lengths
  • requiring prior approvals

Questão 141

Questão
Patient treatment needs which are typical for Long-term Care (LTC) include all of the following except...
Responda
  • physical therapy
  • broken leg rehab
  • Alzheimer's
  • surgery
  • IV drug therapy

Questão 142

Questão
According to epidemiological data, what factor or barrier is the primary reason for not seeking treatment?
Responda
  • Access
  • Quality
  • Cost
  • None of the above

Questão 143

Questão
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)...
Responda
  • recommends drug recalls to the Consumer Products Safety Commission
  • has little control of how a drug is used after approval
  • has no regulatory authority for non-print advertising (FCC regulates) of drugs
  • provides DEA agents to Homeland Security to enforce reimportation regulations 
  • all of the above

Questão 144

Questão
A New Drug Application (NDA) is submitted to the FDA
Responda
  • to request approval for marketing a new drug
  • prior to phase IV clinicals
  • to request approval to begin phase I clinicals
  • A & B only
  • all of the above

Questão 145

Questão
Some types of “errors” caught in medication reconciliation include:
Responda
  • Omissions
  • Duplications
  • Dosing errors
  • a and b only
  • a, b, and c

Questão 146

Questão
The majority of Assisted Living residents move in from
Responda
  • their homes
  • the hospital
  • skilled nursing facilities
  • hospice
  • none of the above

Questão 147

Questão
A believable rumor of an upcoming price increase will likely:
Responda
  • cause an increase in demand
  • cause a decrease in demand
  • cause increased utility
  • cause decreased utility
  • none of the above

Questão 148

Questão
A market structure closest to perfect competition...
Responda
  • is quite similar to the market for Medicare services
  • has strong regulation to ensure qualified, competent sellers
  • might have market analysts who sell exclusive, valuable market information
  • has financing to support substantial capital expenditures for market entry
  • has no collusion

Questão 149

Questão
In most hospitals, formularies are used to limit the options available to the Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 150

Questão
Abraham Flexner's 1910 report recommended:
Responda
  • increased standards for medical education
  • creation of HMO's
  • elimination of osteopathic medical schools
  • rejection of the germ theory of disease

Questão 151

Questão
There are multiple criticisms of the U.S. healthcare system which have historically driven the need for reform including access to care and cost effectiveness.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 152

Questão
Indian Health Service participants who do not live on or near 564 reservations are eligible for limited healthcare benefits through IHS’s TRICARE program.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 153

Questão
We are projected to run out of bar codes
Responda
  • in 10-15 years
  • in 15-30 years
  • in over 100 years
  • not projected - depends on rate of new drug approval
  • none of the above

Questão 154

Questão
Every substance can be toxic and some can be therapeutic depending on the concentration.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 155

Questão
Modern enterprise systems integrate financial accounting with inventory, manufacturing, sales, or other modules.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 156

Questão
In nuclear pharmacies, most of the pharmacist’s time is involved with
Responda
  • Personnel management
  • Medication preparation
  • Medication Dispensing
  • Business related activities-financial management

Questão 157

Questão
Although supply and demand curves have different slopes, both are always straight lines.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 158

Questão
A pharmacy is not only a dispensing environment - it can also be thought of as an assembly operation.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 159

Questão
The Durham-Humphrey amendment created
Responda
  • hospital funding
  • the FDA
  • the category of Legend drugs
  • pharmacists' license requirements

Questão 160

Questão
Current and growing public health opportunities include all of the following EXCEPT
Responda
  • pharmacovigilance
  • pandemic preparedness
  • healthcare workforce development
  • cosmetic surgery
  • None of the above

Questão 161

Questão
For those over age 65, all Parts of Medicare are optional EXCEPT
Responda
  • Part A
  • Part B
  • Part C
  • Part D
  • none of the above

Questão 162

Questão
Health insurance is not a strong "fit" with the criteria for insurable risk and prescription coverage is an even worse "fit".
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 163

Questão
Managed care organizations can be a hybrid of health insurer and health care provider.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 164

Questão
The FDA's roles in drug development include all of the following EXCEPT:
Responda
  • premarketing clearance
  • regulation of labeling
  • manufacturing regulation
  • development of bioequivalent compounds
  • conducting postmarketing surveillance

Questão 165

Questão
Medical School training in the first two years is typically focused on
Responda
  • Clinical training
  • Research
  • Cadavers and sleeplessness
  • Basic science
  • Internships followed by Residency

Questão 166

Questão
Adherence implies a patient choice in making the decision to follow a health professional's recommendations.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 167

Questão
While medical internships are typically two years following residency, they emphasize clinical work over basic sciences.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 168

Questão
Continuing challenges of applying technology in a healthcare environment include
Responda
  • systems integration
  • transactional integrity
  • barcode specificity
  • A & B above
  • A, B, & C above

Questão 169

Questão
Complementary products, more consumers, and expected price increases...
Responda
  • typically result in increased demand
  • have no effect on demand
  • typically result in decreased demand

Questão 170

Questão
"Off label" marketing refers to a manufacturer failing to include all known side effect, risks, and indications on labels and advertisements.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 171

Questão
Even though jails and prisons are obligated to provide similar discharge care for mental/behavioral (psychiatric medications, discharge plans, etc.), they are decreasing as defacto mental/behavioral health provider.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 172

Questão
Pick the correct order of increasing number of practitioners:
Responda
  • Nurses -> Physicians -> Pharmacists
  • Physicians -> Pharmacists -> Nurses
  • Pharmacists -> Nurses -> Physicians
  • Pharmacists -> Physicians -> Nurses
  • Physicians -> Nurses -> Pharmacists

Questão 173

Questão
Risk management problems with health insurance include all of following except
Responda
  • provider/physician induced demand
  • selectivity in when patients purchase health insurance
  • increase risk of heart disease between genders
  • epidemic diseases
  • none of the above

Questão 174

Questão
The biggest difference in health care between developing and developed countries is:
Responda
  • Communicable diseases are more prevalent than chronic diseases in developing countries.
  • Chronic diseases are more prevalent than communicable diseases in developing countries.
  • Developing countries all have portability of benefits.
  • Developing countries all have a socialized medicine system of health care.

Questão 175

Questão
Consultant pharmacists are not allowed to perform DRR for Medicare certified nursing facilities.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 176

Questão
The type of health care system where the government provides health insurance to all citizens is:
Responda
  • Socialized health insurance
  • Social security
  • Social solidarity
  • None of the above

Questão 177

Questão
The Minimum Data Set is an assessment of a patient's capabilities in common tasks such as bathing, dressing, and eating.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 178

Questão
Direct-to-consumer advertising and increased information access are affecting prescribing and medication use in the United States.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 179

Questão
The federal government often intercedes in healthcare when
Responda
  • Market failure prevents healthcare access
  • Safety of a product must be assured
  • practitioners must be licensed
  • A & B above
  • A, B, & C above

Questão 180

Questão
Hospital Emergency Departments are designed to diagnose and treat a broad range of non-urgent cases.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 181

Questão
Skilled Nursing Facilities are highly regulated by state and federal agencies.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 182

Questão
Home Care Pharmacy standards are published by the International Joint Commission
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 183

Questão
The Medicare program is administered by the CMS.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 184

Questão
Continuing Care Retirement Communities may provide:
Responda
  • independent living
  • skilled nursing
  • activities
  • dining
  • all of the above

Questão 185

Questão
For a provider, becoming part of a managed care network typically involves increased risk exposure to patients' health but decreased cost or risk of "acquiring" patients.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 186

Questão
For a provider, becoming part of a managed care network typically involves increased risk exposure to patients' health but decreased cost or risk of "acquiring" patients.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 187

Questão
Health Literacy...
Responda
  • does not differ among patient demographics
  • encompasses only print and electronic information
  • is an important factor in health care cost control
  • all of the above
  • none of the above

Questão 188

Questão
Group policies are usually less expensive than individual policies because:
Responda
  • Group policies are most often negotiated by large companies with skilled negotiators
  • Insurance companies pay significantly greater sales commissions for individual policies than group policies
  • Individual policies are most often purchased by those less healthy in need of coverage but groups policies include everyone in the group
  • Insurance companies selling individual policies cannot legally restrict policyholders to specific (discounted) hospital/physicians

Questão 189

Questão
Which market most closely resembles a monopoly?
Responda
  • A rural community with one grocery store and many residents
  • A farming community with one cotton mill and many cotton farms
  • An urban neighborhood with several "bodega" style food markets and many residents
  • An urban area with two oil refineries and many automobiles
  • A farmer's market in a suburban community

Questão 190

Questão
The U.S. federal, state, and local governments roles in healthcare include:
Responda
  • payor
  • provider
  • regulator
  • all of the above
  • none of the above

Questão 191

Questão
The FDA was created by
Responda
  • The Food, Drug, & Cosmetic Act of 1938
  • The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
  • The Flexner report of 1910
  • The Import Drug act of 1848
  • An Amendment to the Social Security Act of 1935

Questão 192

Questão
The 2010 Health Care Reform laws established a new role for our federal government as a health care provider.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 193

Questão
Hospitals utilizing a centralized pharmacy distribution system need not centralize pharmacists also.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 194

Questão
Since its inception Medicare cost have:
Responda
  • Remained constant
  • Steadily increased
  • Steadily decreased
  • Contributed to the deflation of health costs

Questão 195

Questão
Healthcare is not subject to market forces due to the unpredictability of illness, universal demand, and the lack of full and free information.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 196

Questão
Preceptors' prescribing habits, regulatory mechanisms, and formularies influence prescribing behavior.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 197

Questão
While health care reform laws have been proposed and debated in congress during multiple presidential administrations including Truman and most recently Clinton, the 2010 reforms represent the first passage of any federal reform law.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 198

Questão
Similar to property and casualty insurance, health insurance applies the theory of risk pooling to manage unanticipated risk.
Responda
  • True
  • False

Questão 199

Questão
Specialty practice physician compensation is _______ primary care physician compensation.
Responda
  • typically greater than
  • typically less than
  • approximately the same as

Questão 200

Questão
The majority of Medicare funding comes from:
Responda
  • Payroll taxes
  • State appropriations
  • Health care taxes
  • Government budget surplus

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