841196
Descrição
Quiz por saradiaz16, atualizado more than 1 year ago
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Criado por saradiaz16
quase 10 anos atrás
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Questão 1
Questão
The elastic rebound theory for the origin of earthquakes was first proposed by ________ following the ________ earthquake.
Responda
-
Reid; 1906, San Francisco
-
Giuseppe; 1925, Pizza Lake
-
Richter; 1989, Loma Prieta
-
Mohorovicic; 1964, Anchorage
Questão 2
Questão
When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source. The source is also referred to as the ________.
Responda
-
inertial point
-
epicenter
-
focus
-
seismic zone
Questão 3
Questão
Which one of the following statements is correct?
Responda
-
P waves travel through solids; S waves do not.
-
P and S waves travel through liquids, but P waves do not travel through solids.
-
S waves travel through solids and P waves travel through liquids.
-
P and S waves travel through liquids, but S waves do not travel through solids.
Questão 4
Questão
________ have the highest velocities
Responda
-
Primary waves
-
Secondary waves
-
Surface waves
-
Refracted S waves
Questão 5
Questão
Which one of the following is true regarding tsunamis?
Responda
-
They travel as deep-water waves at speeds greater than surface seismic waves but slower than S waves
-
Their wave heights decrease and wavelengths increase as they move into shallower water
-
They are started by fault-induced, horizontal shifts in the seafloor that suddenly propel great masses of water in opposite directions.
-
They occur in the open ocean, wavelengths are many miles or kilometers and wave heights are only a few feet.
Questão 6
Questão
The amount of destruction caused by earthquake vibrations is affected by ________.
Responda
-
design of structures
-
intensity and duration of the vibrations
-
nature of the surface material
-
all of these
Questão 7
Questão
On a typical seismogram, ________ will show the highest amplitudes.
Responda
-
P waves
-
S waves
-
surface waves
-
body waves
Questão 8
Questão
Major earthquakes are often followed by somewhat smaller events known as ________.
Responda
-
aftershocks
-
foreshocks
-
tremors
-
hyposhocks
Questão 9
Questão
The ________ magnitude scale is a measure of the energy released. It does not directly measure the extent of building damage.
Responda
-
Gutenberg
-
Reid
-
Mercalli
-
Richter
Questão 10
Questão
The instrument that records earthquake events is termed a ________.
Responda
-
polygraph
-
thermograph
-
seismograph
-
barograph
Questão 11
Questão
________ is the maximum possible damage designation on the Mercalli scale.
Responda
-
XII
-
12
-
X
-
10
Questão 12
Questão
The position on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake source is called the ________.
Responda
-
epicenter
-
inertial point
-
focus
-
seismic zone
Questão 13
Questão
The mechanism by which rocks store and eventually release energy in the form of an earthquake is termed ________.
Responda
-
elastic rebound
-
seismic rebound
-
fault displacement
-
stress fracture
Questão 14
Questão
Overall, this type of seismic wave is the most destructive.
Responda
-
P wave
-
S wave
-
surface wave
-
tsunami
Questão 15
Questão
Approximately how much more energy is released in a 6.5 Richter magnitude earthquake than in one with magnitude 5.5?
Responda
-
3000 times
-
3 times
-
300 times
-
30 times
Questão 16
Questão
P waves ________.
Responda
-
propagate only in solids
-
are faster than S waves and surface waves
-
have higher amplitudes than do S waves
-
produce the strongest ground shaking
Questão 17
Questão
The Mercalli Scale is a scale from ________.
Responda
-
1 to 12 that rates the energy required for faulting to occur
-
1 to 10 that rates the energy released by an earthquake
-
I to XII that rates the structural damage due to an earthquake
-
I to X that rates the total energy released during the main quake and all aftershocks
Questão 18
Questão
The distance between a seismological recording station and the earthquake source is determined from the ________.
Responda
-
earthquake magnitude
-
intensity of the earthquake
-
length of the seismic record
-
arrival times of P and S waves
Questão 19
Questão
The Richter magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the ________.
Responda
-
duration of the earthquake
-
intensity of the earthquake
-
arrival time of P and S waves
-
amplitude of the surface waves
Questão 20
Questão
Which one of the following best characterizes tsunamis?
Responda
-
They cause the land to ripple and oscillate.
-
They are faster than seismic surface waves.
-
They have relatively small amplitudes compared to their very long wavelengths.
-
They are easily seen at sea but are lost in the swell and breaking waves along a coast.
Questão 21
Questão
The ________ earthquake was accompanied by extensive fire damage.
Responda
-
Anchorage, 1964
-
San Francisco, 1906
-
Mexico City, 1985
-
Yerevan, Armenia, 1988
Questão 22
Questão
________ refers to the tendency for a foundation material to lose its internal cohesion and fail mechanically during earthquake shaking.
Responda
-
Slurrying
-
Liquefaction
-
Motion slip
-
Seismoflowage
Questão 23
Questão
The record of an earthquake obtained from a seismic instrument is a(n) ________.
Responda
-
seismograph
-
seismogram
-
time-travel graph
-
epigraph
Questão 24
Questão
Most of our knowledge about Earth's interior comes from ________.
Responda
-
drill holes
-
volcanic eruptions
-
seismic waves
-
examination of deep mine shafts
Questão 25
Questão
Which one of the following statements about the crust is NOT true?
Responda
-
It is the thinnest of the major subdivisions
-
It is thickest where prominent mountains exist.
-
Oceanic crust is enriched in potassium, sodium, and silicon
-
Continental rocks are compositionally different than oceanic rocks
Questão 26
Questão
The dense core of Earth is thought to consist predominantly of ________.
Responda
-
nickel
-
lead
-
iron
-
copper
Questão 27
Questão
The lithosphere is defined as ________.
Responda
-
a rocky layer having a relatively uniform chemical composition
-
a rigid layer of crustal and mantle material
-
a rocky layer composed mainly of crustal rocks
-
a plastic layer composed mainly of mantle material
Questão 28
Questão
The average composition of the oceanic crust is thought to approximate that of ________.
Responda
-
granite
-
basalt
-
peridotite
-
iron
Questão 29
Questão
The average composition of the continental crust most closely approximates that of ________.
Responda
-
granite
-
basalt
-
peridotite
-
iron
Questão 30
Questão
The Earth's magnetic field originates by ________.
Responda
-
weak electrical currents associated with hot, rising, mantle plumes
-
magnetic mineral grains in the inner core
-
weak electrical currents associated with fluid motions in the outer core
-
magnetization of oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the atmospheric ozone layer by solar radiation
Questão 31
Questão
The asthenosphere is located ________.
Responda
-
within the crust
-
in the upper mantle
-
between the mantle and outer core
-
within the outer core
Questão 32
Questão
Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.
Responda
-
P wave
-
S wave
-
surface wave
-
body wave
Questão 33
Questão
Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.
Responda
-
focus
-
seismograph
-
epicenter
-
fault
Questão 34
Questão
Choose the option which does not fit the pattern
Responda
-
tsunami
-
fire
-
liquefaction
-
seiches
Questão 35
Questão
Choose the option which does not fit the pattern
Responda
-
Modified Mercalli
-
energy
-
Richter
-
amplitude
Questão 36
Questão
Choose the option which does not fit the pattern
Responda
-
crust
-
lithosphere
-
core
-
mantle
Questão 37
Questão
Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.
Responda
-
core
-
asthenosphere
-
mesosphere
-
lithosphere
Questão 38
Questão
S waves can travel through solid and liquid media.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 39
Questão
The time between the first P-wave and S-wave arrivals is a measure of the distance from a receiving station to the epicenter of the earthquake.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 40
Questão
Earthquakes result from the sudden release of elastic strain energy previously stored in rocks surrounding a zone of fault movement.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 41
Questão
Tsunamis are caused by sudden displacement of large volumes of seawater.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 42
Questão
The Richter earthquake magnitude scale is based on the total amount of energy released by the earthquake.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 43
Questão
The epicenter of an earthquake is on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 44
Questão
Unconsolidated, water-saturated soils or sediments provide good foundation materials for buildings and other structures.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 45
Questão
Oceanic crust is mainly basaltic in composition; the mantle is more like the igneous rock peridotite in chemical composition.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 46
Questão
Continental crust is generally thicker than oceanic crust.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 47
Questão
The crust and mantle are solids; the inner core is thought to be solid.
Responda
- True
- False
Questão 48
Questão
The mantle is composed mainly of metallic iron with small amounts of magnesium silicate minerals.
Responda
- True
- False
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