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331 Semisolids

Description

1. To differentiate different semisolid dosage forms 2. To understand different applications of semisolids for topical use. 3. To be able to identify appropriate semisolid bases to be used in different situations 4. To be able to identify the appropriate compounding methods for semisolid dosage forms.
Crystal Yu
Quiz by Crystal Yu, updated more than 1 year ago
Crystal Yu
Created by Crystal Yu about 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Semisolids include [blank_start]pastes[blank_end], [blank_start]ointments[blank_end], and [blank_start]creams[blank_end]
Answer
  • pastes
  • ointments
  • creams

Question 2

Question
Semisolids: A system that is not [blank_start]pourable[blank_end] and does not [blank_start]flow[blank_end] under low shear stress at [blank_start]room temperature[blank_end]
Answer
  • pourable
  • flow
  • room temperature

Question 3

Question
Semisolid dosage forms include ointments, creams, pastes, [blank_start]gels[blank_end], and [blank_start]collodions[blank_end].
Answer
  • gels
  • collodions

Question 4

Question
Semisolid dosage forms can have topical, [blank_start]ocular[blank_end], [blank_start]nasal[blank_end], [blank_start]vaginal[blank_end], and [blank_start]rectal[blank_end] applications
Answer
  • ocular
  • nasal
  • vaginal
  • rectal

Question 5

Question
Ointment: Semisolid preparations, incorporated into a specific [blank_start]hydrocarbon base[blank_end], intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes. They usually contain < [blank_start]20[blank_end] % water and > [blank_start]50[blank_end] % hydrocarbons
Answer
  • hydrocarbon base
  • 20
  • 50

Question 6

Question
Creams: Semisolid dosage forms that possess a relatively [blank_start]fluid[blank_end] consistency formulated as either water‐in‐oil or oil‐in‐water emulsions. Creams usually contain > [blank_start]20[blank_end] % water and volatiles and < [blank_start]50[blank_end] % hydrocarbons, [blank_start]waxes[blank_end] or [blank_start]polyols[blank_end] as the vehicle.
Answer
  • fluid
  • 20
  • 50
  • waxes
  • polyols

Question 7

Question
Gels: Semisolid systems consisting of either suspensions made up of small inorganic particles (e.g. [blank_start]Aluminum Hydroxide Gel[blank_end]) or large organic molecules (e.g. [blank_start]Carbomer[blank_end] or natural gums like Tragacanth) interpenetrated by a liquid.
Answer
  • Aluminum Hydroxide Gel
  • Carbomer

Question 8

Question
Pastes: A semisolid dosage form containing a large proportion ([blank_start]20[blank_end]‐50 %) of solids [blank_start]finely[blank_end] dispersed in a [blank_start]fatty vehicle[blank_end].
Answer
  • 20
  • finely
  • fatty vehicle

Question 9

Question
Collodions: A thick solution composed of [blank_start]pyroxylin[blank_end] dissolved in a mixture of [blank_start]alcohol[blank_end] and [blank_start]ether[blank_end].
Answer
  • pyroxylin
  • alcohol
  • ether

Question 10

Question
[blank_start]Emollient[blank_end]: An agent that softens the skin or soothes irritation in skin or mucous membranes.
Answer
  • Emollient

Question 11

Question
[blank_start]Protective[blank_end]: A substance that protects injured or exposed skin surfaces from harmful or annoying stimuli allowing rejuvenation of the skin.
Answer
  • Protective

Question 12

Question
[blank_start]Occlusive[blank_end]: Retention of water in the skin by forming a hydrophobic a barrier that prevents moisture evaporation.
Answer
  • Occlusive

Question 13

Question
[blank_start]Humectant[blank_end]: A substance that causes water to be retained because of its hygroscopic properties.
Answer
  • Humectant

Question 14

Question
Desired properties for semisolid bases include chemical and physical [blank_start]stability[blank_end], nonreactive and [blank_start]compatibility[blank_end], free of objectionable [blank_start]odor[blank_end], nontoxic, nonsensitizing, and nonirritating, and aesthetically appealing.
Answer
  • stability
  • compatibility
  • odor

Question 15

Question
According to the USP, there are 4 general classes of bases: - [blank_start]Hydrocarbon[blank_end] - [blank_start]Absorption[blank_end] (anhydrous, w/o) - [blank_start]Water removable[blank_end] (o/w) - [blank_start]Water soluble[blank_end]
Answer
  • Hydrocarbon
  • Absorption
  • Water removable
  • Water soluble

Question 16

Question
[blank_start]Anhydrous absorption bases[blank_end]: Hydrocarbon bases that contain emulsifier(s) that form water‐in‐oil emulsions when water or an aqueous solution is added. Absorbs the highest amount of water.
Answer
  • Anhydrous absorption bases

Question 17

Question
[blank_start]W/O emulsions[blank_end]: Contain water (amount depends on the base). Add something with high HLP value.
Answer
  • W/O emulsions

Question 18

Question
[blank_start]Levigation[blank_end]: The process of reducing particle size of a solid by triturating or spatulating with a small amount of a viscous liquid or melted base in which the solid is not soluble.
Answer
  • Levigation

Question 19

Question
Levigating agents that are somewhat viscous liquids with low surface tension that don't contain water include [blank_start]glycerin[blank_end], [blank_start]propylene glycol[blank_end], and [blank_start]mineral oil[blank_end].
Answer
  • glycerin
  • propylene glycol
  • mineral oil

Question 20

Question
General rule for choosing a levigating agent: Choose something that is chemically similar to the base. - [blank_start]Mineral oil[blank_end] for oily bases - [blank_start]Glycerin[blank_end] for water-removable bases
Answer
  • Glycerin
  • Mineral oil

Question 21

Question
Some active ingredients require special levigating agent: - [blank_start]Tween80[blank_end] for Coal Tar - [blank_start]Castor Oil[blank_end] for Balsam of Peru - [blank_start]Glycerin[blank_end] or Fixed Oils for Ichthammol
Answer
  • Tween 80
  • Castor Oil
  • Glycerin

Question 22

Question
Some ingredients that have compatibility problems: - Tween 80 is not compatible with [blank_start]w/o emulsion[blank_end] bases - Castor Oil is not compatible with significant amounts of [blank_start]Mineral Oil[blank_end]
Answer
  • w/o emulsion
  • Mineral Oil

Question 23

Question
Which of the following are water miscible solvents?
Answer
  • Isopropyl alcohol
  • Glycerin
  • Propylene glycol
  • PEG400
  • Mineral oil
  • Fixed oils

Question 24

Question
Hydrocarbon bases are miscible with most oils but reduces the [blank_start]viscosity[blank_end].
Answer
  • viscosity

Question 25

Question
[blank_start]Anhydrous absorption bases[blank_end]: - Large amounts of water, and lesser amount of alcohol (dissolves the emulsifier) - Miscible with most oils, but reduces the viscosity
Answer
  • Anhydrous absorption bases

Question 26

Question
[blank_start]W/O emulsion[blank_end] bases: - Variable amounts of water and alcoholic solutions - Easily accept most oils, but viscosity may decrease
Answer
  • W/O emulsion

Question 27

Question
[blank_start]Water removable[blank_end] bases: - Limited amounts of water or alcohol, eventually thin out to a lotion - Some amounts of oil, larger amounts by adding polysorbate 80
Answer
  • Water removable

Question 28

Question
[blank_start]Water soluble[blank_end] bases: - Very limited amount of water or alcohol without loss of viscosity - Some oil, with prior levigation with glycerin or propylene glycol
Answer
  • Water soluble

Question 29

Question
[blank_start]Pulverization[blank_end] by [blank_start]intervention[blank_end]: The material is dissolved in a solvent, The solvent is allowed to evaporate to produce a thin film Other ingredients are spread on top of this thin film
Answer
  • Pulverization
  • intervention

Question 30

Question
[blank_start]Fusion method[blank_end]: All or some chemicals in the ointment are combined by being melted together and cooled.
Answer
  • Fusion method

Question 31

Question
For pastes, we don't use a [blank_start]levigating agent[blank_end], we use a part of the base.
Answer
  • levigating agent

Question 32

Question
The issue with pastes and their physical stability is that it could result in [blank_start]phase separation[blank_end]
Answer
  • phase separation

Question 33

Question
[blank_start]Microbial content[blank_end] - Are not required to be sterile (except ophthalmic preparations), but there is a microbial count limit
Answer
  • Microbial content

Question 34

Question
To minimize number of micro-organisms: - Environmental control - [blank_start]Adding preservatives[blank_end] - [blank_start]GMP[blank_end] - Finished product control
Answer
  • Adding preservatives
  • GMP

Question 35

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Special pharmacopeial standards: - [blank_start]Viscosity[blank_end] - In-vitro release - [blank_start]Content uniformity[blank_end]
Answer
  • Viscosity
  • Content uniformity

Question 36

Question
[blank_start]Minimum Fill[blank_end]: Determination of net weight or volume
Answer
  • Minimum Fill

Question 37

Question
[blank_start]Packaging[blank_end]: In largemouth jars or metal or plastic tubes
Answer
  • Packaging

Question 38

Question
[blank_start]Storage[blank_end]: Well closed container and cool place. - Keeps base intact
Answer
  • Storage
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