Quiz
331 Semisolids
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1Semisolids include [blank_start]pastes[blank_end], [blank_start]ointments[blank_end], and [blank_start]creams[blank_end]
- Apastes
- Bointments
- Ccreams
2Semisolids:
A system that is not [blank_start]pourable[blank_end] and does not [blank_start]flow[blank_end] under low shear stress at [blank_start]room temperature[blank_end]- Apourable
- Bflow
- Croom temperature
3Semisolid dosage forms include ointments, creams, pastes, [blank_start]gels[blank_end], and [blank_start]collodions[blank_end].
- Agels
- Bcollodions
4Semisolid dosage forms can have topical, [blank_start]ocular[blank_end], [blank_start]nasal[blank_end], [blank_start]vaginal[blank_end], and [blank_start]rectal[blank_end] applications
- Aocular
- Bnasal
- Cvaginal
- Drectal
5Ointment:
Semisolid preparations, incorporated into a specific [blank_start]hydrocarbon base[blank_end], intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes. They usually contain < [blank_start]20[blank_end] % water and > [blank_start]50[blank_end] % hydrocarbons- Ahydrocarbon base
- B20
- C50
6Creams:
Semisolid dosage forms that possess a relatively [blank_start]fluid[blank_end] consistency formulated as either water‐in‐oil or oil‐in‐water emulsions. Creams usually contain > [blank_start]20[blank_end] % water and volatiles and < [blank_start]50[blank_end] % hydrocarbons, [blank_start]waxes[blank_end] or [blank_start]polyols[blank_end] as the vehicle.- Afluid
- B20
- C50
- Dwaxes
- Epolyols
7Gels:
Semisolid systems consisting of either suspensions made up of small inorganic particles (e.g. [blank_start]Aluminum Hydroxide Gel[blank_end]) or large organic molecules (e.g. [blank_start]Carbomer[blank_end] or natural gums like Tragacanth) interpenetrated by a liquid.- AAluminum Hydroxide Gel
- BCarbomer
8Pastes:
A semisolid dosage form containing a large proportion ([blank_start]20[blank_end]‐50 %) of solids [blank_start]finely[blank_end] dispersed in a [blank_start]fatty vehicle[blank_end].- A20
- Bfinely
- Cfatty vehicle
9Collodions:
A thick solution composed of [blank_start]pyroxylin[blank_end] dissolved in a mixture of [blank_start]alcohol[blank_end] and [blank_start]ether[blank_end].- Apyroxylin
- Balcohol
- Cether
10[blank_start]Emollient[blank_end]:
An agent that softens the skin or soothes irritation in skin or mucous membranes.- AEmollient
11[blank_start]Protective[blank_end]:
A substance that protects injured or exposed skin surfaces from harmful or annoying stimuli allowing rejuvenation of the skin.- AProtective
12[blank_start]Occlusive[blank_end]:
Retention of water in the skin by forming a hydrophobic a barrier that prevents moisture evaporation.- AOcclusive
13[blank_start]Humectant[blank_end]:
A substance that causes water to be retained because of its hygroscopic properties.- AHumectant
14Desired properties for semisolid bases include chemical and physical [blank_start]stability[blank_end], nonreactive and [blank_start]compatibility[blank_end], free of objectionable [blank_start]odor[blank_end], nontoxic, nonsensitizing, and nonirritating, and aesthetically appealing.
- Astability
- Bcompatibility
- Codor
15According to the USP, there are 4 general classes of bases:
- [blank_start]Hydrocarbon[blank_end]
- [blank_start]Absorption[blank_end] (anhydrous, w/o)
- [blank_start]Water removable[blank_end] (o/w)
- [blank_start]Water soluble[blank_end]- AHydrocarbon
- BAbsorption
- CWater removable
- DWater soluble
16[blank_start]Anhydrous absorption bases[blank_end]:
Hydrocarbon bases that contain emulsifier(s) that form water‐in‐oil emulsions when water or an aqueous solution is added.
Absorbs the highest amount of water.- AAnhydrous absorption bases
17[blank_start]W/O emulsions[blank_end]: Contain water (amount depends on
the base). Add something with high HLP value.- AW/O emulsions
18[blank_start]Levigation[blank_end]:
The process of reducing particle size of a solid by
triturating or spatulating with a small amount of a viscous liquid or melted base in which the solid is not soluble.- ALevigation
19Levigating agents that are somewhat viscous liquids with low surface tension that don't contain water include [blank_start]glycerin[blank_end], [blank_start]propylene glycol[blank_end], and [blank_start]mineral oil[blank_end].
- Aglycerin
- Bpropylene glycol
- Cmineral oil
20General rule for choosing a levigating agent:
Choose something that is chemically similar to the base.
- [blank_start]Mineral oil[blank_end] for oily bases
- [blank_start]Glycerin[blank_end] for water-removable bases- AGlycerin
- BMineral oil
21Some active ingredients require special levigating agent:
- [blank_start]Tween80[blank_end] for Coal Tar
- [blank_start]Castor Oil[blank_end] for Balsam of Peru
- [blank_start]Glycerin[blank_end] or Fixed Oils for Ichthammol- ATween 80
- BCastor Oil
- CGlycerin
22Some ingredients that have compatibility problems:
- Tween 80 is not compatible with [blank_start]w/o emulsion[blank_end] bases
- Castor Oil is not compatible with significant amounts of [blank_start]Mineral Oil[blank_end]- Aw/o emulsion
- BMineral Oil
23Which of the following are water miscible solvents?
- AIsopropyl alcohol
- BGlycerin
- CPropylene glycol
- DPEG400
- EMineral oil
- FFixed oils
24Hydrocarbon bases are miscible with most oils but reduces the [blank_start]viscosity[blank_end].
- Aviscosity
25[blank_start]Anhydrous absorption bases[blank_end]:
- Large amounts of water, and lesser amount of alcohol (dissolves the emulsifier)
- Miscible with most oils, but reduces the viscosity- AAnhydrous absorption bases
26[blank_start]W/O emulsion[blank_end] bases:
- Variable amounts of water and alcoholic solutions
- Easily accept most oils, but viscosity may decrease- AW/O emulsion
27[blank_start]Water removable[blank_end] bases:
- Limited amounts of water or alcohol, eventually thin out to a lotion
- Some amounts of oil, larger amounts by adding polysorbate 80- AWater removable
28[blank_start]Water soluble[blank_end] bases:
- Very limited amount of water or alcohol without loss of viscosity
- Some oil, with prior levigation with glycerin or propylene glycol- AWater soluble
29[blank_start]Pulverization[blank_end] by [blank_start]intervention[blank_end]:
The material is dissolved in a solvent,
The solvent is allowed to evaporate to produce a thin film
Other ingredients are spread on top of this thin film- APulverization
- Bintervention
30[blank_start]Fusion method[blank_end]:
All or some chemicals in the ointment are combined by being melted together and cooled.- AFusion method
31For pastes, we don't use a [blank_start]levigating agent[blank_end], we use a part of the base.
- Alevigating agent
32The issue with pastes and their physical stability is that it could result in [blank_start]phase separation[blank_end]
- Aphase separation
33[blank_start]Microbial content[blank_end]
- Are not required to be sterile (except ophthalmic preparations), but there is a microbial count limit- AMicrobial content
34To minimize number of micro-organisms:
- Environmental control
- [blank_start]Adding preservatives[blank_end]
- [blank_start]GMP[blank_end]
- Finished product control- AAdding preservatives
- BGMP
35Special pharmacopeial standards:
- [blank_start]Viscosity[blank_end]
- In-vitro release
- [blank_start]Content uniformity[blank_end]- AViscosity
- BContent uniformity
36[blank_start]Minimum Fill[blank_end]:
Determination of net weight or volume- AMinimum Fill
37[blank_start]Packaging[blank_end]:
In largemouth jars or metal or plastic tubes- APackaging
38[blank_start]Storage[blank_end]:
Well closed container and cool place.
- Keeps base intact- AStorage
Information
- Description
- 1. To differentiate different semisolid dosage forms 2. To understand different applications of semisolids for topical use. 3. To be able to identify appropriate semisolid bases to be used in different situations 4. To be able to identify the appropriate compounding methods for semisolid dosage forms.
- Author
- Crystal Yu
- Language
- English
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- 572
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