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Research Methods Practice Final
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Questions in this quiz (58)
1CHAPTER 11
Non-reactive research is often the best way to gather data when individuals might change their behavior when they become aware of being observed. This behavioral change is a major threat to validity and is known as: (p. 269)- AAccretion
- BConversion
- CReactivity
- DSelection bias
2A researcher who studies graffiti to understand relationships between different urban gangs would be using which type of non-reactive measure? (p. 271)
- AAccretion
- BArchival
- CErosion
- DReactive
3A non-reactive research method that requires a researcher to observe behavior in its natural setting is referred to as: (p. 272–274)
- AContext Research
- BField Research
- CNature Research
- DSetting Research
4A researcher studies three of the most widely circulated women’s magazines over a ten-year time period to explore how they frame the issue of violence against women. Which of the following non-reactive research methods is this researcher using? (p. 272–274)
- AField Observations
- BContent Analysis
- CSecondary Analysis
5A researcher uses data from the Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities, made available through the Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research, to study inmates over time. Which of the following non-reactive research methods is this researcher using? (p. 272–274)
- AField Observations
- BContent Analysis
- CSecondary Analysis
6A researcher watches the process of jury selection over a one-year period in one courthouse in order to understand the problem of race-conscious jury selection. Which of the following non-reactive research methods is this researcher using? (p. 272–274)
- AField observations
- BContent analysis
- CSecondary analysis
7Which of the following is a major limitation of non-reactive research? (p. 275)
- AIt can pose ethical challenges when it involves covert observation.
- BIt does not lend itself to descriptive or exploratory research.
- CSuch research removes human behavior from its natural setting.
- DResearch subjects can change their behavior in reaction to being observed.
8Non-reactive research techniques are least useful for which of the following types of research? (p. 274–276)
- ADescriptive
- BExplanatory
- CExploratory
9In field research, it is common to train research assistants on what to look for in field observations and how to code their observations. Such training helps ensure which of the following? (p. 274–276)
- AConstruct validity
- BInter-rater reliability
- CPredictive validity
- DTest–retest reliability
10A researcher from the local university openly observes how correctional officers manage conflict between inmates. Would this research method be non-reactive? (p. 274–276)
- AYes
- BNo
- CCannot be determined from the available information
11A researcher poses as a probation officer to understand how probation officers deal with juveniles who violate probation. Would this research method be non-reactive? (p. 274–276)
- AYes
- BNo
- CCannot be determined from the available information
12A researcher rides along with a police officer to observe how drivers adjust their driving in the presence of a marked police vehicle. Would this research method be non-reactive? (p. 274–276)
- AYes
- BNo
- CCannot be determined from the available information
13A researcher gets permission from a local domestic violence organization to study the organization’s outreach efforts while acting as a volunteer. Would this research method be non-reactive? (p. 274–276)
- AYes
- BNo
- CCannot be determined from the available information
14Researchers conducting unobtrusive observations will often record data on pre-formatted tables known as: (p. 285)
- ACoding Sheets
- BData Books
- CField Binders
- DRecord Tablets
15The most accurate methods for recording information during field observations is to use a video- or audio-recorder. These methods also happen to be the: (p. 286)
- ALeast Obtrusive
- BLeast Reliable
- CMost Expensive
- DMost Reactive
16CHAPTER 12
A research approach that uses inductive reasoning to develop a theory of some behavior or process is known as: (p. 298–300)- ACase study research.
- BCultural ethnography research.
- CGrounded theory research.
- DThick description research.
17A researcher conducts an in-depth study of one white collar criminal in order to understand how other white collar criminals operate. What type of research method is this? (p. 298–300)
- AA case study
- BAn ethnography
- CA grounded theory approach
- DA focus group
18A researcher is attempting to understand how juvenile gang members make group decisions on whether to invite a person to join the gang. (p. 390–394)
- AA case study
- BAn ethnography
- CA grounded theory approach
- DA focus group
19A researcher lives as a prisoner for a year in an effort to understand the prison subculture. What type of research method is this? (p. 298–300)
- AA case study
- BAn ethnography
- CA grounded theory approach
- DA focus group
20A researcher interviews gang members to develop a theory explaining why juveniles are attracted to gangs.What type of research method is this? (p. 298–300)
- AA case study
- BAn ethnography
- CA grounded theory approach
- DA focus group
21Which of the following qualitative research methods is least likely to feature a formal literature review? (p. 305)
- ACase study research
- BEthnographic research
- CGrounded theory research
- DNo qualitative research method features a literature review
22A researcher studies a juvenile sex offender to determine how these types of offender’s ‘select’ their victims. This case study is best described as: (p. 390–394)
- AA typical case study.
- BAn extreme case study.
- CNeither of the above.
- DBoth of the above.
23During a study on police corruption a researcher decides to focus on an officer who is widely known as highly corrupt. This case study is best described as: (p. 308)
- AA typical case study.
- BAn extreme case study.
- CNeither of the above.
- DBoth of the above.
24A researcher chooses to study a serial arsonist who is allegedly responsible for setting hundreds of house fires. This case study is best described as: (p. 308)
- AA typical case study.
- BAn extreme case study.
- CNeither of the above.
- DBoth of the above.
25A researcher conducts an interview of a teenager who has recently been convicted (first offense) of selling prescription drugs in order to increase the researcher’s understanding of this emerging crime trend. This case study is best described as: (p. 308)
- AA typical case study.
- BAn extreme case study.
- CNeither of the above.
- DBoth of the above.
26When a qualitative researcher reflects on the meaning of their data and the concepts emerging from their data, they are engaging in a qualitative technique known as: (p. 311)
- ACoding
- BMemoing
- CRecording
- DSurveying
27The influential people within a culture that can open doors for a qualitative researcher, introduce the researcher, and encourage individuals to speak with the researcher are commonly called: (p. 310–311)
- AAmbassadors
- BFencsitters
- CGatekeepers
- DOutliers
28CHAPTER 13
A systematic technique that compares the costs and benefits of an existing or future program, process, or policy is known as a(n): (p. 323)- AAccountability study.
- BCost-benefit analysis.
- CFeasibility study.
- DProgram review.
29Evaluation research generally considers all of the following questions regarding a policy, process, or program except: (p. 322)
- AAre there unintended consequences?
- BIs the policy or program effective?
- CIs the policy or program efficient?
- DIs there public support for the program?
30True or False: Evaluation research should focus primarily on intended, not unintended outcomes of a policy or program. (p. 322)
- ATrue
- BFalse
31Which of the following could not be said about evaluation research? (p. 332)
- AEvaluation researchers should steer clear of controversial subjects.
- BFormal hypotheses are required before starting an evaluation.
- CIt is rare to see evaluations that are descriptive in nature.
- DThe use of multiple methods is becoming more popular.
32Where would you be most likely to find an evaluation research report? (p. 330)
- AA scholarly journal.
- BA popular magazine.
- CAn academic database.
- DAn agency website.
33True or False: Evaluation research is generally not considered scholarly and cannot be published in academic journals. (p. 330)
- ATrue
- BFalse
34Evaluation research is almost always: (p. 329)
- AApplied research.
- BQualitative research.
- CQuantitative research.
- DTheoretical research.
35Gaining access to the data necessary to complete evaluation research is sometimes difficult because: (p. 336)
- AA court order is almost always required to access public records.
- BCriminal justice programs are, by law, protected from public and private scrutiny.
- CIndividuals may want to avoid an objective evaluation of their program.
- DThe data almost never exist in a form that is unadulterated and unbiased.
36Which of the following statements about the interpretation and communication phase of evaluation research is most accurate? (p. 339)
- AIt is common to allow agency representatives to put their ‘spin’ on the results.
- BIt is important to be up front about the limitations of the data used in the report.
- CIt is rare to allow beneficiaries of the evaluated program to review the report draft.
- DIt is not necessary to have the results of the study reviewed before publication.
37When reporting on evaluation research, the media usually pays particular attention to the: (p. 342)
- AControversial findings.
- BLiterature review.
- CResearch design.
- DStatistical techniques.
38CHAPTER 14
The main disadvantage of the mean is that it is: (p. 352)- ADifficult to calculate accurately.
- BLess useful than other descriptive statistics.
- CSeldom used in data analysis.
- DSensitive to extreme values.
39When a researcher’s data is collected at the interval or ratio level of measurement, which of the following measures of central tendency are available to use? (p. 355)
- AMean
- BMedian
- CMode
- DAll of the above
40Which of the following statistics is a commonly used measure of variability? (p. 356)
- AThe mode
- BThe percentile
- CThe range
- DThe rate
41A researcher administers an IQ test on a sample of 80 juvenile delinquents. She reports the numerical difference between the delinquent that scored the highest and the delinquent that scored the lowest level of intelligence. The statistic used here is a: (p. 356)
- AMean
- BRange
- CPercentile Rank
- DRate
42A researcher is studying a sample of teenagers who attend a youth program intended to prevent juvenile delinquency. She is interested in describing the sample and begins by calculating the average age of the teenagers in the program. The statistic used here is a: (p. 351)
- AMean
- BRange
- CPercentile Rank
- DRate
43During a conversation between two police officers one comments, “I made an 86 on the last sergeant’s exam which ain’t bad, but 74 percent of the other officers that took the same exam made a better score.” The statistic used here is a: (p. 359-360)
- AMean
- BRange
- CPercentile Rank
- DRate
44A recent study of crime in Bigton revealed that 10 of every 10,000 residents has been a victim of crime in the past year. The statistic used here is a: (p. 360–361)
- AMean
- BRange
- CPercentile Rank
- DRate
45In a normal distribution of IQ scores where the mean is 100 and the standard deviation is 10, what percent of the cases have IQ scores from 90 to 110? (p. 361–362)
- A32 Percent
- B26 Percent
- C54 Percent
- D68 Percent
46A t-score is an example of: (p. 350–372)
- AA descriptive statistic.
- BAn inferential statistic.
47A rate is an example of: (p. 350–372)
- AA descriptive statistic.
- BAn inferential statistic.
48A standard deviation is an example of: (p. 350–372)
- AA descriptive statistic.
- BAn inferential statistic.
49A percentage is an example of: (p. 350–372)
- AA descriptive statistic.
- BAn inferential statistic.
50A Spearman rho is an example of: (p. 350–372)
- AA descriptive statistic.
- BAn inferential statistic.
51A chi-square is an example of: (p. 350–372)
- AA descriptive statistic.
- BAn inferential statistic.
52As a general rule, at what level do social scientists agree that a statistical result is not due to chance (i.e., statistical significance)? (p. 363)
- A0.05
- B0.15
- C0.2
- D0.4
53A statistical technique that is used to determine whether or not two or more groups are different with respect to a single variable measured at the interval or ratio level of measurement is: (p. 362–373)
- AA multiple regression.
- BA Pearson r.
- CA t-test.
- DAn ANOVA.
54The decision about which statistical technique to use for analyzing data depends on: (p. 372–373)
- AThe level at which the data are measured.
- BThe type (i.e., difference or association) of hypotheses being tested.
- CBoth A and B
- DNeither A nor B
55A researcher reads through their observations of jury trials involving cases of rape to identify meaningful themes that arise from the data. Which qualitative analysis technique is being used? (p. 373–379)
- ATranscribing
- BMemoing
- CCoding
- DDiagramming
56A researcher reflects on how social workers influence the child protective custody process while reading through interview data. Which qualitative analysis technique is being used? (p. 373–379)
- ATranscribing
- BMemoing
- CCoding
- DDiagramming
57A researcher develops a flow chart to illustrate the process by which men and women progress through a typical policing career. Which qualitative analysis technique is being used? (p. 373–379)
- ATranscribing
- BMemoing
- CCoding
- DDiagrammig
58A researcher conducts recorded interviews with minors serving life sentences, which they later translate into a written transcript. Which qualitative analysis technique is being used? (p. 373–379)
- ATranscribing
- BMemoing
- CCoding
- DDiagramming
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- Practice Final
- Author
- Haley Hastings
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- English
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