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Memory & Learning

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Quiz on Memory & Learning, created by Catriona Wilds on 28/02/2019.
Catriona Wilds
Quiz by Catriona Wilds, updated more than 1 year ago
Catriona Wilds
Created by Catriona Wilds about 5 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
According to Hebb's rule...
Answer
  • Classical conditioning is a good model for memory and forgetfulness
  • Associative learning is related to the increased response in the post-synaptic neuron after a few high frequency pre-synaptic stimuli
  • Instrumental conditioning can be explained by the balance between different synaptic connections
  • A weak synapse will be strengthened if its activation occurs at the same time that the postsynaptic neuron fires

Question 2

Question
The preforant pathway of the entorhinal cortex...
Answer
  • Interconnects the CA1 and CA3 fields within the hippocampus
  • Is another name for the fornix
  • Interconnects the granule cells ofthe dentate gyrus with the amygdala
  • Leads to the dentate gyrus within the hippocampal formation

Question 3

Question
Receptors for which of the following neurotransmitters are usually involved in long-term potentiation?
Answer
  • Serotonin
  • Dopamine
  • Glutamate
  • GABA

Question 4

Question
What normally prevents the calcium channel of the NMDA receptor from opening in response to glutamate only?
Answer
  • The channel is blocked by magnesium ions
  • The channel is blocked by sodium ions
  • Glutamate requires the presence of GABA in order to open the channel
  • Glutamate requires the presence of glycine in order to open the channel

Question 5

Question
The induction of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus would be blocked by...
Answer
  • A drug such as AP5 that blocks NMDA receptors
  • Using high-frequency pulses
  • A drug that activates NMDA receptors
  • Injection into the postsynaptic cell of a drug that activates calcium ions

Question 6

Question
Which of the following is true of long-term depression (LTD)?
Answer
  • LTD can be produced by high-frequency stimulation of CA1 neurons
  • LTD reflects a gradual strengthening of synaptic connections
  • LTD is associated with a decrease in the number of AMPA receptors in the postsynaptic neuron
  • LTD is associated with an increase in the number of AMPA receptors in the postsynaptic neuron

Question 7

Question
The primary function of perceptual learning is to...
Answer
  • Identify and categorise objects
  • Make an association between two stimuli
  • Learn to adjust behaviour according to its consequences
  • Exhibit a specific system to detect accurately the location of a stimulus

Question 8

Question
In a conditioned emotional response study, a tone is paired with an electric shock to your hand. After several trials, the tone alone becomes a conditioned stimulus that can elicit fear in you. Which of the following is true of the anatomy of this fear response?
Answer
  • Damage to the amygdala facilitates emotional responding
  • Damage to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala impairs the learning of conditioned associations
  • Damage to the visual association cortex would prevent the learning of the conditioned associations in this instance
  • Damage to the lateral nucleus of the pre-frontal cortex impairs the learning of conditioned associations

Question 9

Question
Which of the following is NOT true of instrumental (operant) conditioning?
Answer
  • It involves a simple association between two stimuli
  • It involves learning the relationship between a response to a stimulus and a reward
  • It permits an organism to adjust its behaviour according to the consequences of that behaviour
  • Either punishment or reward can reinforce it

Question 10

Question
An instrumental (operatn) response that produces a favourable consequence...
Answer
  • Will be immediately suppressed
  • Will occur more frequently
  • Weakens adjacent circuits in the brain
  • Is an important component of perceptual learning

Question 11

Question
Damage to which of the following structures would be expected to impair instrumental (operant) conditioning?
Answer
  • Amygdala
  • Hypothalamus
  • Basal ganglia
  • Frontal cortex

Question 12

Question
An example of a natural reinforcer is...
Answer
  • Cocaine
  • Amphetamine
  • Dopamine
  • Food for a hungry person

Question 13

Question
Which of the following is important for the acquisition of complex behaviours?
Answer
  • The behaviour must result in long-term depression of the basal ganglia
  • As the person becomes more proficient in the new behaviour, the transcortical circuits become more active
  • As a person becomes more proficient in the behaviour, the control of the process is transferred to the basal ganglia
  • As a person becomes more proficient in the behaviour, the control of the process is transferred to the transcortical pathways

Question 14

Question
A person with amnesia due to Korsakoff's syndrome is most likely to have severe damage in the...
Answer
  • Hippocampus
  • Fornix
  • Mammillary bodies
  • Cingulate gyrus

Question 15

Question
One striking aspect of patient H.M.'s deficit was that he...
Answer
  • Could learn some new tasks but was unaware of having learned them
  • Reversed word order in repeated sentences
  • Indicated that he remembered things he had never seen
  • Only remembered recent facts
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