Assessment of Vision Lecture 3 Astigmatic Refraction

The [blank_start]circle[blank_end] of [blank_start]least[blank_end] [blank_start]confusion[blank_end] is the relative retinal position where focal lines on two axes at 90 degrees to each other have the smallest variation.

Fan and Block is more accurate than Jackson Crossed Cylinder

For every two steps on the phoropter of negative cylinder, you must balance it out with:

If the handle of the Jackson crossed cylinder is held horizontally, which direction are the axes at?

For greater visual acuity, you want the patient to have a _________ interval of Sturm

When determining the axis of the cylinder, the patient will prefer the view with minus cyl acis closest to their minus cyl axis.

Checking either side of our suspected lens/axis in clinical practice is called:

To get an estimate of the patient's Rx, you would consider:

You can never mix Fan and Jackson Crossed cyl procedures

On the clock face, the patient says 4 o'clock and 10 o'clock look clearest. Their axis is approximately: