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Youth in Conflict with the Law - Final Exam Review

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Quiz on Youth in Conflict with the Law - Final Exam Review, created by jessedyo on 29/11/2014.
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Quiz by jessedyo, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by jessedyo over 9 years ago
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Question 1

Question
In adult court, it is professionals who present the two sides of the case, but in youth justice court, there are no professionals.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 2

Question
When a parent or another responsible person is present, it is not necessary to remind a young person of right to counsel; having said it once is enough.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 3

Question
A young person who is brought into a police station for a breathalyser test has a right to consult counsel before the test can be given.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 4

Question
When the case of a young person gets to court, there is no longer a role for the police.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 5

Question
Defence Counsel must be mindful that their job includes representing
Answer
  • The criminal justice system
  • The society
  • The young person who is their client
  • Two of the above

Question 6

Question
Under the rule of “one lawyer per family”, young persons are represented by
Answer
  • The lawyer who represents the parents
  • A lawyer of their parents choosing
  • Both of the above
  • None, this rule does not exist.

Question 7

Question
In youth justice court, the role of the Crown Prosecutor is
Answer
  • Focused on the needs of the young person because of the YCJA
  • Very different from what it is in adult court
  • Not much different from what it is in adult court
  • Two of the above

Question 8

Question
Which of the following is not a responsibility of the judge in youth justice court?
Answer
  • Ensuring that defense counsel has made full disclosure to the Crown
  • Resolving disputes over the admissibility of evidence
  • Determining that proper procedure was followed in laying the charges
  • Determining guilt or innocence

Question 9

Question
It is for any of the most serious offences that a young person can elect to have trial by jury in youth court.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
Trial by jury is a right of all Canadians as long as the charge against them involves a violation of the Criminal Code of Canada
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 11

Question
Typically, the youth justice court is held in private without any member of the public allowed to be present
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 12

Question
In the youth justice court, a young person may elect to have a trial by jury
Answer
  • For any serious offence
  • Only when both parents consent
  • For 1st or 2nd degree murder if the Crown is seeking a youth sentence
  • None of the above

Question 13

Question
Young persons must personally appear before the youth justice court
Answer
  • Only if their lawyer is not present
  • For all charges
  • Only for charges of serious offences
  • Only for charges of presumptive offences

Question 14

Question
In the youth justice court, judges may consider the protection of the privacy of all but which of the following?
Answer
  • The young person who is charged
  • victims
  • The police
  • witnesses

Question 15

Question
The YCJA seeks to reserve court proceedings for
Answer
  • Young persons who are second-time offenders
  • More serious cases
  • Young persons who have already received two or more warnings
  • Two of the above

Question 16

Question
In the youth justice court, the standard for a finding of guilt is
Answer
  • The guilt is “beyond a reasonable doubt”
  • The guilt is “on the balance of probabilities”
  • There is no formal finding of guilt
  • The standard changes with the merits of each case

Question 17

Question
Pre-sentence reports are usually prepared by the police officer who made the arrest
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 18

Question
Once a young person receives an absolute discharge, that discharge cannot be admitted again in court.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 19

Question
The purpose of a youth sentence is to appropriately punish the young person for the harm done
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 20

Question
A youth justice court judge may require a young person to perform up to 240 hours of community service.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 21

Question
Community service orders are reserved for those 16 and 17 years old and never used for those 14 and 15 years old.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 22

Question
Which of the following is not a concern of the YCJA when it comes to sentencing?
Answer
  • Protection of society
  • Holding young person accountable for their behaviour
  • The mental and emotional health of the young person
  • Ensuring that young people show respect for the judge and officers of the court

Question 23

Question
Which of the following is not likely to be found in a pre-sentence report?
Answer
  • Plans the young person might have about the future
  • Information on the young person’s age and attitude
  • Results of interviews with the young person
  • Results of interviews with the accomplices of the young person

Question 24

Question
There is no reason to believe that pre-sentence assessments are found to be useful by
Answer
  • Young persons
  • judges
  • Crown prosecutors
  • Defence council

Question 25

Question
Which of the following may not be used as a condition of probation?
Answer
  • Try to obtain employment
  • Repair relationship with parents
  • Report to a probation officer
  • Attend school

Question 26

Question
Which of the following conditions is not permitted in a probation order?
Answer
  • Must remain in a specific city
  • Must reside in a specific location
  • Must try to obtain employment
  • All of the above are permitted

Question 27

Question
“Least degree of restraint” when applied to a custodial facility means that the residents are allowed to come and go as they please, but only during the day
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 28

Question
A facility with a “higher degree of restraint” means that the extent of restraint or control is greater than in a facility with a “lower degree of restraint”
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 29

Question
In contrast to the United States, the practice in Canada is to have indeterminate sentences
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 30

Question
When a custodial sentence is given, the following is to be taken into account: The highest level of restraint possible
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 31

Question
When a custodial sentence is given, the following is to be taken into account: The safety of the young person
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 32

Question
Which of the following is least consistent with a facility in a higher degree of restraint?
Answer
  • classrooms
  • community reintegration
  • segregation cells
  • “lock down”

Question 33

Question
If a young person turns 18 years while serving a term of custody
Answer
  • The term of custody is automatically extended so that custody will last for at least 12 additional months.
  • The offender is automatically transferred to a correctional facility for adults
  • The term of custody ends
  • The term continues

Question 34

Question
Changes to a young person’s custody can be made by
Answer
  • Correctional officials
  • The youth justice court
  • The provincial director
  • The Crown prosecutor

Question 35

Question
Young persons who do not return once their re-integrative leave has been revoked may be
Answer
  • Arrested and subjected to treatment
  • Arrested only with a warrant and returned to custody
  • Arrested without a warrant and returned to custody
  • Arrested without a warrant and returned to their parent’s house

Question 36

Question
Conditional supervision orders allow young persons to
Answer
  • Serve the remainder of their custodial sentence with almost no conditions imposed on them, except for staying out of trouble.
  • Hold a job or go to school while living in a secure custody facility
  • Serve sentences to secure custody in open custody
  • Serve the remainder of their sentence in the community

Question 37

Question
Identify 4 Purposes of Re-Integrative Leave
Answer
  • Medical
  • Compassionate or humanitarian
  • Rehabilitation
  • Go out of town on a vacation
  • Reintegration into the community

Question 38

Question
The distinction between phase I and phase II offenders is based on the seriousness of the offence
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 39

Question
Facilities that provide custody of young persons in conflict with the law in Ontario are all privately operated
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 40

Question
All facilities are required to have the same treatment services
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 41

Question
Which of the following is not consistent with the “strict discipline” approach to custody for young offenders?
Answer
  • education
  • Extend periods of leisure time to teach the need for structure
  • Earned privileges
  • Respect for self and others

Question 42

Question
The only objective of the criminal justice system is to find innocent people not guilty
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 43

Question
Restraint has the goal of protecting the community from further harm.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 44

Question
Retribution is balanced.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 45

Question
General deterrence depends on the vicarious experience of punishment
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 46

Question
Even laws that are difficult to enforce can play a role in expressing where we stand, as a society, with respect to certain behaviours.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 47

Question
Capital punishment is the ultimate form of
Answer
  • Restraint
  • Retribution
  • General deterrence
  • Rehabilitation

Question 48

Question
One argument for retaining laws that are difficult to enforce is that they are
Answer
  • A form of restitution
  • A specific deterrent
  • Symbolic
  • No such argument can be made for this situation

Question 49

Question
Primarily, restitution involves the notion of
Answer
  • Putting the case to "rest"
  • Making the victim whole again
  • Allowing the victim to be involved in the punishment of the offender
  • Returning cash and property to the victim

Question 50

Question
The Youth Criminal Justice Act is focused primarily on
Answer
  • Making the young person function effectively in society
  • Compensating the victim
  • Punishment of the young person
  • Achieving balance between the offender and the victim

Question 51

Question
Restraint is
Answer
  • A primary goal of the YCJA
  • Not a major focus of the YCJA
  • The underlying principle of restorative justice
  • A concept used to limit how much a victim is compensated

Question 52

Question
In victim impact statements victims get to tell the court the nature and length of punishment that the offender deserves
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 53

Question
Typically in youth conferencing circles the community is represented
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 54

Question
The notion of restorative justice was largely unknown until the YCJA came into effect.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 55

Question
Restorative justice programs even exist in large cities.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 56

Question
The police can refer a young person to a restorative justice program.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 57

Question
The manner in which restorative justice is to be implemented is
Answer
  • Clearly identified in the Criminal Code of Canada
  • Clearly identified in the CFSA
  • Clearly identified in the YCJA
  • Left up to each provincial jurisdiction to determine

Question 58

Question
Restorative justice is intended to
Answer
  • Expand options that are consistent with the criminal justice system
  • Compensate the victim
  • Act as a form of general deterrence
  • Punish the young offender

Question 59

Question
For restorative justice to be effective, the offender must
Answer
  • Be ready to admit guilt for the act
  • Acknowledge the extent to which the victim suffered
  • Be prepared to accept responsibility for the consequences of the act
  • All of the above

Question 60

Question
Restorative justice programs appear to be most effective in
Answer
  • Communities with large proportions of young people
  • Aboriginal and first nations communities only
  • Smaller, homogeneous communities
  • Large, homogeneous communities

Question 61

Question
Restorative justice programs
Answer
  • Usually initiated by victims wishing to receive compensation
  • Have been shown to be the most effective means of rehabilitating young people
  • Are the most cost effective way of compensating victims and making them "whole" again
  • Seem like a good idea but with some questions as to their overall effectiveness

Question 62

Question
Most adult criminals start their careers as young offenders
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 63

Question
Most young persons do not become adult criminals
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 64

Question
Once a young persons in conflict with the law come into contact with the authorities they are bound to be chronic offenders
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 65

Question
Among young people, positive attitudes toward the police tend to decrease over time
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 66

Question
An attitude is an emotional predisposition
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 67

Question
Which of the following is true about the attitude of young people toward the police?
Answer
  • Attitudes are little affected by personal experience
  • Attitudes are remarkably stable over time
  • Attitudes are more positive as young people move through adolescence
  • Attitudes are more positive among younger kids

Question 68

Question
Which of the following is related to young people's attitude toward the police?
Answer
  • Self-reported law-violating behaviour
  • Having been arrested
  • Self-definition as a delinquent
  • All of the above

Question 69

Question
Which of the following is related to young people's attitude toward the police?
Answer
  • Having been arrested
  • Self-reported law-violating behaviour
  • Self-definition as a delinquent
  • All of the above

Question 70

Question
Which of the following types of contact with the police is least likely to generate a positive image of the police?
Answer
  • Being arrested
  • Making a 911 call
  • Reporting a robbery
  • Asking the police for directions

Question 71

Question
Which of the following appear to play some role in determining people's attitude toward the police
Answer
  • Age
  • Culture
  • Experience
  • All of the above

Question 72

Question
The best advice for a police officer is to not talk to young people they encounter, unless they have something official to say to them
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 73

Question
Victims of child endangerment often become young offenders
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 74

Question
Police officers are not only law enforcement officers, but social workers as well.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 75

Question
Gang behaviour is found only in the largest cities in Canada
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 76

Question
There are some clues as to whether gang behaviour exists in a community.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 77

Question
Many young people have feelings when interacting with the police that can best be described as
Answer
  • Joyful
  • Ambivilent
  • Enthusiastic
  • Pitiful

Question 78

Question
What is the role of the police uniform in influencing the relationship with a young person?
Answer
  • It has no effect
  • It can be positive
  • It can be negative
  • It can be either positive or negative

Question 79

Question
Which of the following is probably NOT good advice to give a police officer on how to deal with young people?
Answer
  • Talk with kids
  • Don't let them beat you to the punch
  • Sweat the small stuff
  • Be firm, but fair

Question 80

Question
Which of the following is a form of child endangerment?
Answer
  • Neglect
  • Sexual molestation
  • Emotional abuse
  • All of the above

Question 81

Question
Which of the following is least likely to be true of victims of child abuse and neglect?
Answer
  • Victims of sexual abuse have parents who do not get along well
  • Victims have poor relationships with their parents
  • Sexual abuse victims have a dense web of peer relationships
  • Children between 8 and 12 are most vulnerable to sexual abuse
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