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PHIL 1010 Final Review Part 2

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Includes questions from exam 3, 4 and the final
Danielle Easton
Quiz by Danielle Easton, updated more than 1 year ago
Danielle Easton
Created by Danielle Easton over 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Berkeley was a rationalist
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 2

Question
Which of the following claims does Locke believe?
Answer
  • All knowledge comes through experience.
  • All experience is experience of ideas.
  • All knowledge is knowledge is knowledge of ideas
  • All of the above.

Question 3

Question
Locke believed that our ideas are caused by a material world,
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 4

Question
Berkeley believed that our ideas are caused by the material world.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 5

Question
According to Locke, our ideas of primary qualities correctly represent the material world
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 6

Question
According to Berkeley, if empiricism is correct, we could never know if our ideas correctly represent the world.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 7

Question
Berkeley rejects the material world because he believes that material weath is the root of all evil.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 8

Question
"Esse est percipi " means
Answer
  • I think therefore I am.
  • To be or not to be.
  • We are born a blank slate.
  • To be is to be perceived.

Question 9

Question
According to Berkeley,
Answer
  • Ideas of primary qualities are nothing but interpretations of ideas of secondary qualities.
  • The assumption that material substances exist leads to skepticism.
  • Only the mental world exists.
  • All of the above.

Question 10

Question
According to Berkeley, what we call physical objects are nothing but bundles of ideas.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 11

Question
According to Hume, there are two kinds of perceptions. He calls them
Answer
  • rationalism and empiricism.
  • impressions and ideas
  • relations of ideas and matters of fact.
  • primary qualities and secondary qualities.

Question 12

Question
One difference between impressions and ideas is that
Answer
  • ideas are copies of impressions.
  • impressions are copies of ideas.
  • There is no difference between the two. Both are copied from a material substratum.

Question 13

Question
According to Hume, if a term cannot be traced back to an impression,
Answer
  • it has no meaning.
  • it is false.
  • it must be believed by faith.
  • None of the above.

Question 14

Question
Which of the following is a relation of ideas?
Answer
  • Murder causes pain.
  • Barking dogs bark.
  • All emerelds are green.
  • God loves everyone.

Question 15

Question
Which of the following is a matter of fact in Hume's sense?
Answer
  • All bachelors are unmarried.
  • The earth is flat, not round
  • All triangles have four sides.
  • None of the above are matters of fact in Hume's sense.

Question 16

Question
Relations of ideas concern apriori reasoning found only in philosophy while matters of fact concern the aposteriori reasoning found only in the scientific method.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 17

Question
If a statement is knowable apriori, it can be known with certainty apart from experience, according to Hume
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 18

Question
According to Hume, our ideas of causality and induction can be traced back to impressions produced by the world upon our senses and to the feelings we experience.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 19

Question
According to Hume, our ideas of causation and induction, are derived from reason alone, not experience.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 20

Question
According to Hume, apriori claims are meaningless.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 21

Question
Because Descartes held that the self is a thinking thing, the Cartesian View is also known as the Psychological View of personal identity.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 22

Question
On Locke's view, personal identity consists in sameness of substance.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 23

Question
Derek Parfit believes we can survive in a different body, even if nothing of the original body remains, even the brain.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 24

Question
According to Parfit,
Answer
  • A person can survive in a different body if that person's brain is transplanted into a different body.
  • A person can survive in a different body if half that person's brain is transplanted into a different body.
  • A person can survive in a different body if both halves of that person's brain are transplanted into different bodies.
  • All of the above

Question 25

Question
According to Parfit, everything that matters in a person's survival can be preserved, even if half of a person's brain is transplanted into two different bodies.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 26

Question
According to Parfit, personal identity is not what matters in a person's existence through time.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 27

Question
According to Lent, the major problem with Parfit's view is
Answer
  • that it ignores the soul
  • that it ignores relations among mental events, such as the relation between an experience and the subsequent memory of that experience.
  • that Parfit uses imaginary cases that can't possibly happen.
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Question 28

Question
When Lent says love is historical, he means that it goes back to ancient times.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 29

Question
According to Parfit, one person can be identical to two persons who are not identical to each other.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 30

Question
According to Hume,
Answer
  • the self is nothing but a bundle of experiences.
  • the self does not exist.
  • The self is nothing but a bundle of experiences plus a something I know not what to support the bundle.
  • All of the above.

Question 31

Question
Both atheists and agnostics deny that God exists.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 32

Question
Agnosticism regarding God's existence (or agnosticism on anything else) means that one does not know one way or the other.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 33

Question
Agnosticism may be weak agnosticism, such as when I claim to be agnostic on the matter of the origin of the British monarchy. While I don't presently know, such knowledge may be available to me and I may come to know. In that case, my agnosticism is weak agnosticism.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 34

Question
Agnosticism may be strong, such as when I insist that not only do I not know whether the number of stars in the universe is odd or even, you don't know either. Indeed, it cannot be known. This is a strong form of agnosticism.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 35

Question
Theism is the belief that God exists.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 36

Question
God is said to be omnipotent. That means he can make a rock so big that even he cannot lift it.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 37

Question
God is said to be omniscient. That means that God is all powerful.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 38

Question
God is said to be omni-benevolent. That means God is morally perfect.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 39

Question
God is said to be a person. That means that God is a human.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 40

Question
God is said to have created the world ex nihilo. That means that God created the world for no reason at all
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 41

Question
God is said to have necessary existence. That means it is impossible for God not to exist.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 42

Question
The title of the famous work by Bertrand Russell we read in class is, "Why Atheism is True."
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 43

Question
Russell considers several definitions of the word "Christian." Which definition does Russell believe is the relevant one?
Answer
  • The geographical sense of "Christian" such that a Christian is one who is a citizen of a Christian nation.
  • The moral sense of "Christian" such that a Christian is one who tries to live a good life.
  • Russell means "Christian" in both the geographical sense and the moral sense when he explains why he is not a Christian.
  • None of the above.

Question 44

Question
Russell does not believe that Jesus is God, even though he believes that Jesus is the best and wisest of men.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 45

Question
According to Russell, it is doubtful that Jesus even existed and even if he did, we know hardly anything about him.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 46

Question
One of the arguments for God's existence that Russell considers is the First Cause argument. Why does he reject it?
Answer
  • He thinks there is no reason why the universe can't be infinitely old.
  • He thinks that Darwin has disproved the existence of God.
  • Both of the above.
  • None of the above

Question 47

Question
Most scientists today agree with Russell that the universe might be infinitely old.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 48

Question
Which of the following is not necessary to being a Christian in Russell's sense?
Answer
  • A belief in hell
  • a belief that God exists
  • A belief that Jesus is the best and wisest of men
  • All of the above are necessary to being a Christian in Russell's sense.

Question 49

Question
Russell thinks that Jesus was not the best and wisest of men because Jesus believed in hell.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 50

Question
Russell believes that the future of the material universe is infinite.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 51

Question
According to Russell, we don't need to accept the design argument since we can explain why things appear to be designed, without supposing that there is an intelligent designer.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 52

Question
One of the arguments William Lane Craig gives in favor of God's existence is the Cosmological Argument. Another name for this argument is
Answer
  • the teleological argument.
  • the first cause argument.
  • the design argument.
  • All of the above.

Question 53

Question
According to Craig, the cosmological argument allows us to conclude which of the following?
Answer
  • The universe has a first cause.
  • Whatever cause the universe to exist could not have been material.
  • The first cause must have been a person.
  • All of the above.

Question 54

Question
According to Craig, the evidence he presents makes belief in God's existence a logical certainty.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 55

Question
Craig believes that if Jesus rose from the dead, there is good evidence that God exists
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 56

Question
What reason does Craig give that Jesus rose from the dead?
Answer
  • Craig says that this is the kind of thing that must be accepted by faith. Faith is the only kind of reason that is possible and the only kind that is necessary.
  • Craig gives historical evidence.
  • Craig claims to possess photographs of Jesus.
  • None of the above.

Question 57

Question
According to Hitchens, the burden of proof is the on the one who affirms God's existence, not on the one who denies God's existence.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 58

Question
According to Hitchens, in order to be successful, Craig must demonstrate that God's existence is logically certain.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 59

Question
Another name for the teleological argument is
Answer
  • the design argument.
  • the moral argument.
  • the cosmological argument.
  • None of the above.

Question 60

Question
In the ancient Greek world, including the Greek-speaking world when the New Testament was written, the word translated "faith" meant belief or conviction in the truth of anything, not just belief about religious matters.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 61

Question
The problem of evil is an argument in favor of theism.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 62

Question
Which attributes of God are said to generate the problem of evil?
Answer
  • Omnipotence and omniscience
  • Omnipotence and omnibenevolence
  • Omnibenevolence and personhood
  • None of the above

Question 63

Question
There are many difference versions of the cosmological argument. In addition to the one William Lane Craig uses in his debate with Christopher Hitchens, Rene Descartes uses a cosmological argument based on our idea of perfection.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 64

Question
There is only one design argument for God's existence and that has been refuted by Darwin.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 65

Question
If it can be demonstrated that people believe that God exists because they are afraid of death, that would prove that God does not exist.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 66

Question
According to Craig, we have historical evidence that Jesus rose from the dead
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 67

Question
An all-powerful being would be able to eliminate evil from the world and morally perfect being would want to. So there is no being who is all-powerful and morally perfect.
Answer
  • the cosmological argument.
  • the teleological argument.
  • the problem of evil.
  • the watchmaker argument.

Question 68

Question
According to Craig, if Jesus rose from the dead, we have evidence of a divine miracle, and therefore evidence of the existence of God.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 69

Question
According to Hitchens, the god portrayed in the Bible is an immoral being.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 70

Question
Like Russell, Hitchens doesn't think people believe in God because of the evidence.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 71

Question
Which of the following is a not a consequentialist moral theory?
Answer
  • a. utilitarianism
  • b. egoism
  • c. kantianism
  • d. all of the above are consequentialist moral theories

Question 72

Question
Which of the following is a descriptive theory?
Answer
  • ethical egoism
  • deontology
  • utilitarianism
  • psychological egosim

Question 73

Question
Mill's primary moral principle is called The Categorical Imperative
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 74

Question
Mill is a moral rationalist
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 75

Question
The reason a good will is good is because it produces happiness
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 76

Question
If a person does the right action because one is motivated by self-interest, the action has moral worth, according to Kant.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 77

Question
If a person does the right action because one is motivated by benevolence, the action has moral worth, according to Kant.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 78

Question
A good will in the philosophical sense, refers to the happy feeling humans experience when they do the right thing.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 79

Question
Kant's primary moral principle is called
Answer
  • a. The Categorical Imperative
  • b. The Principle of Utility
  • c. The Ontology Maxism
  • d. None of the above

Question 80

Question
John Stuart Mill is
Answer
  • An empirist
  • A hedonist
  • A utilitarian
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Question 81

Question
A formal fallacy
Answer
  • one that can be detected by examining the formal of the argument: The lamp is on, there is power in the outlet The lamp is not on Therefore there is no power in the outlet You can see by the form alone it is invalid
  • can be detected only by examining the content of an argument The Brooklyn bridge is made of atoms Atoms are invisible Therefore the Brooklyn bridge is invisible

Question 82

Question
An Informal Fallacy
Answer
  • s one that can be detected by examining the formal of the argument: The lamp is on, there is power in the outlet The lamp is not on Therefore there is no power in the outlet You can see by the form alone it is invalid
  • can be detected only by examining the content of an argument The Brooklyn bridge is made of atoms Atoms are invisible Therefore the Brooklyn bridge is invisible

Question 83

Question
A False Cause fallacy
Answer
  • is committed when a writer/speaker attempts to refute another's argument by attacking the person rather than the argument.
  • occurs when a writer/speaker makes an appeal to pity to get a postion accepted.
  • The fallacy that occurs when one draws a conclusion that X caused Y (or x causes y) from the fact that x and y are correlated Correlation does not mean causation
  • draws a conclusion about an entire group based on a non-representative sample.

Question 84

Question
Limaba claims the rich pay too much in taxes. His argument is invalid because he is rich. This is an example of what type of fallacy?
Answer
  • Hasty Generalization
  • Ad Hominem
  • Appeal to ignorance
  • Straw Man

Question 85

Question
Appeal to Pity:
Answer
  • occurs when a writer/speaker makes an appeal to pity to get a postion accepted.
  • The fallacy of drawing a conclusion about an entire group based on a non-representative sample.
  • occurs when one draws a conclusion that X caused Y (or x causes y) from the fact that x and y are correlated
  • The Fallacy of distorting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack

Question 86

Question
Global warming is a myth. Ohio did not have a single day in the 90's all August. Is an example of:
Answer
  • Straw Man
  • Argumentum to populum
  • Hasty Generalization
  • Begging the question

Question 87

Question
Appeal to ignorance occurs whenever a definite conclusion is drawn about a thing from premises that state that nothing has been proven about that thing.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 88

Question
Straw Man is A fav device of the propagandist and the advertiser
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 89

Question
Argumentum to populum is when an argument begs the question if it assumes what the argument tries to prove
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 90

Question
An example of Begging the question would be:
Answer
  • Some triangles are obtuse Whatever is obtuse is ignorant Therefore, some triangles are ignorant
  • "to allow complete, unfettered freedom of speech it is advantageous to the interest of the state. For it is clearly helpful of the community to have each indv. Freely express his or her own point of view."
  • The few, the proud, the marines
  • Someone argues atheism is true, this means they know that god does not exist. In order to know that he would have to know everything that does exist and know that God is not one of those. So, in order to know atheism is true, one most be omniscient. In order to be so, one must be god. So atheism is self-contradictory.

Question 91

Question
An example of a Complex question would be "have you stopped beating your wife?"
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 92

Question
Equivocation:
Answer
  • presupposes an affirmative answer to an unmasked question.
  • Occurs whenever a word or a phrase is used in at least two distinct sense in a single argument
  • The fallacy of sidetracking the argument from the issue under consideration to a completely different issue
  • occurs when one attempts to win popular assent to a conclusion by arousing enthusiasm in the masses

Question 93

Question
The fallacy of sidetracking the argument from the issue under consideration to a completely different issue is:
Answer
  • Equivocation
  • Begging the question
  • Argumentum to populum
  • None of the above
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