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PMU - Year 1 Physics - Part 2

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All Questions uploaded word for word from MCQ book. All Credit to Authors. Mistakes due in process may have been made, use and check your work at your own discretion. Only simple writing allowed, i.e Superscript and Subscript absent. Questions missed due to Figure/Diagrams/Text: 15. 16. 23. 24. 34. 77.
Sole C
Quiz by Sole C, updated more than 1 year ago
Sole C
Created by Sole C about 9 years ago
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Question 1

Question
Which substances have both intrinsic, and extrinsic electric conductivity:
Answer
  • Conductors
  • Dielectrics (insulators)
  • Semiconductors

Question 2

Question
Dielectrics can be described as having:
Answer
  • Free electron states in the valence band
  • Wide (forbidden) band gap, and completely occupied valence band
  • Extrinsic atoms from elements with different valance

Question 3

Question
P-doping of semiconducting germanium (Ge), will create additional energy levels;
Answer
  • Near the conduction band of Ge
  • At the forbidden band-gap of Ge
  • Near the valence band of Ge

Question 4

Question
The band-gap width of a dielectric (insulator) is:
Answer
  • Narrower than 1 eV
  • Wider than 3 eV
  • Narrower than 0.01 eV

Question 5

Question
Band theory of solids defines conductors as having:
Answer
  • An unoccupied (free) electrons states in the valence band
  • A narrow band-gap, and absence of free states in the valence band
  • impurities from elements with lower valence

Question 6

Question
N-doping of semiconducting germanium (Ge), will create additional energy levels:
Answer
  • Near the valence band of Ge
  • At the forbidden bang-gap of Ge
  • Near the conduction band of Ge

Question 7

Question
Valence and conductivity bans overlap partially in:
Answer
  • Metals
  • Dielectrics
  • Semiconductors

Question 8

Question
Charge carriers of certain type (n or p) will dominate in a semiconductor when:
Answer
  • The number of unoccupied electron states in valence and conduction bands are equal
  • The band-gap is large, and the valence band is completely occupied
  • Impurities with lower or higher valence are present

Question 9

Question
What is the difference between dielectrics and semiconductors, according to band theory of solids.
Answer
  • The number of electrons in valence band
  • Band-gap is greater or less than 3 eV in width
  • The number of occupied electron in conduction band

Question 10

Question
Current carriers in semiconductors are:
Answer
  • Holes only:
  • Electron and Holes
  • Electrons only

Question 11

Question
What type of current carriers are the holes:
Answer
  • Positrons
  • Unoccupied electron place-holders (virtual positive charges)
  • Positive Ions

Question 12

Question
How does intrinsic conductivity of semiconductors depend on temperature?
Answer
  • It increases with Temperature
  • It decreases with Temperature
  • It does not depends on Temperature

Question 13

Question
How does intrinsic conductivity of semiconductors depend on Temperature?
Answer
  • A narrower band-gap results in higher conductivity.
  • A narrower band-gap results in lower conductivity.
  • It does not depend on the width of the band-gap.

Question 14

Question
What are the current carriers in a P-N junction, upon application of forward bias?
Answer
  • Electrons and Holes
  • Only Electrons
  • Only Holes

Question 15

Question
Using OHM's LAW: In order to assess the medicinal effect of a substance, in dermatology, the skin impedance Z is studied by:
Answer
  • Electromagnetic Waves
  • An Alternating Electric Current
  • A Direct Electric Current
  • A Magnetic Field

Question 16

Question
The electric impedance of biological tissues is composed of:
Answer
  • R and Xc
  • XL and Xc
  • R and XL

Question 17

Question
Using OHM's LAW: Capacity reactance of an AC circuit is equal to:
Answer
  • wL + 1/wC
  • 1/wC
  • wL

Question 18

Question
Using OHM's LAW: The direction of electrical current fluctuates with time in:
Answer
  • One-way rectified current
  • Direct Current
  • Alternating Current

Question 19

Question
Using OHM's LAW: Ohm's law states:
Answer
  • U = IR
  • R = I/U
  • R = UI

Question 20

Question
Using OHM's LAW: Electric current is:
Answer
  • A flow of elementary particles
  • A flow of charged particles
  • An electromagnetic wave

Question 21

Question
The unit for electrical conductivity is:
Answer
  • Ohm
  • Electrical conductivity is a dimensionless
  • Siemens [S]

Question 22

Question
The unit for electrical resistance is:
Answer
  • Voltage
  • Ampere
  • Ohm

Question 23

Question
What type of tissue or body fluid have the highest electrical conductivity:
Answer
  • Cerebrospinal fluid
  • Blood Plasma
  • Blood
  • Skin and Bones

Question 24

Question
What is the frequency of direct currents (DC)
Answer
  • 50 MHz
  • 50 Hz
  • DC has no frequency

Question 25

Question
What type of electrical current is a lightning bolt?
Answer
  • Direct current (DC)
  • High Frequency AC
  • Low Frequency AC

Question 26

Question
What type of electrical current is a galvanic current?
Answer
  • High Frequency AC
  • Low Frequency AC
  • Low Direct Current

Question 27

Question
What type of electric impedance is present in the human tissue?
Answer
  • Inductive and Capacitive
  • Resistive and Capacitive
  • Resistive and Inductive

Question 28

Question
What type of electric impedance is present in the human tissue?
Answer
  • Direct Current Only
  • Alternating Current Only
  • Both, AC and DC can propagate
  • Neither, only electromagnetic waves can propagate.

Question 29

Question
Transducer is a device for:
Answer
  • Generation of metastable radionuclides
  • Transformation of energy from one form to another
  • Other name of linear scanner

Question 30

Question
What type of transducer is the piezoelectric crystal? (e.g. transducers in echo-graphs)
Answer
  • Generator type
  • Both Parametric and Generator Type
  • Parametric Type

Question 31

Question
What type of transducer is the ionization chamber:
Answer
  • Parametric type
  • Both Parametric and Generator Type
  • Generator type

Question 32

Question
Which of the objects mentioned below is a transducer:
Answer
  • Permanent magnet of MRI
  • Roentgen film
  • Geiger-Muller Counter
  • Mercury Thermometer

Question 33

Question
Which of the objects mentioned below is NOT a transducer:
Answer
  • The ionization chamber
  • The Roentgen Film
  • The Geiger-Muller Counter
  • The pressure gauge of the blood pressure measuring device

Question 34

Question
Which of the following functions are performed by a photocell:
Answer
  • It converts chemical energy into electrical energy
  • It converts magnetic energy into electrical energy
  • It converts light energy into electrical energy
  • It converts electrical energy into light energy.

Question 35

Question
Thermocouple is an arrangement of two different metals:
Answer
  • To convert heat into electric energy
  • To convert heat into chemical energy
  • To convert electrical energy into heat

Question 36

Question
Which of the following is NOT a transducer
Answer
  • The battery of cardiac pacemaker
  • The thermistor
  • The photoelectric cell

Question 37

Question
Which is the most relevant electromyography parameter for determination of damaged tissue
Answer
  • Rheobase
  • Chronaxie
  • Coefficient of accommodation

Question 38

Question
In an active electro-diagnostics the source of E.M.F (Electromotive Force):
Answer
  • The body of the examined patient
  • The electrocardiograph
  • The stimulation apparatus
  • The electroencephalograph

Question 39

Question
In a passive electro-diagnostics the course of Electromotive Force is:
Answer
  • The body of the examined patient
  • The Electrocardiograph
  • The Stimulation apparatus
  • The Electroencephalograph

Question 40

Question
ECG is a method of:
Answer
  • Examination of muscles
  • Examination of the brain
  • Examination of the heart

Question 41

Question
EEG is a method of:
Answer
  • Examination of muscles
  • Examination of the brain
  • Examination of the heart

Question 42

Question
EMG is a method of:
Answer
  • Examination of the muscles
  • Examination of the brain
  • Examination of the heart

Question 43

Question
The active electro-diagnostic differs from the passive one in the fact that source of Electromotive Force:
Answer
  • The electromyography
  • The examined organ in the patient's body
  • Apparatus used for electro-stimulation

Question 44

Question
The defibrillator is used to:
Answer
  • Replace the heart in operations of the heart
  • Restore the rhythmical contraction and relaxation of the different structures of the heart muscle (the myocard)
  • Support the cardiac output

Question 45

Question
The cardio-stimulator (the pacemaker) is:
Answer
  • Self-recording device for measurement of the pulse and blood pressure
  • Substitute of the heart in operations of the heart
  • Generator of electric impulses needed for the cardiac output.

Question 46

Question
The cardio-stimulator (the pacemaker) is supplied by:
Answer
  • Biogalvanic elements
  • Small battery installed beneath the patients skin
  • The cosmic radiation

Question 47

Question
For electrostimulation on an object to occur, a minimum threshold stimulus is needed. This electrical stimulus depends on:
Answer
  • Electrical pulse current
  • Electrical pulse duration
  • Both, current and pulse duration.

Question 48

Question
Faradization is a method for:
Answer
  • Electro-gymnastics using low frequency pulsed current
  • Therapy using high frequency electric current
  • Deep electro-stimulation with two interfering currents, with frequencies 2 - 5 kHz

Question 49

Question
Microwave therapy uses:
Answer
  • Electric field generated by an electric current with a frequency of 50 hZ
  • Magnetic field generated by a direct electric current
  • High frequency electromagnetic waves

Question 50

Question
The most suitable frequency magnetic field is used in:
Answer
  • 20 Hz
  • 20 kHz
  • 20 MHz

Question 51

Question
High Frequency magnetic field is used in:
Answer
  • Capacitive Diathermy
  • MRI Tomography
  • Inductive Diathermy

Question 52

Question
Deep heating of tissues (Therapeutic Diathermia) is applied using a high frequency current of the order of:
Answer
  • 0.3 - 5 Hz
  • 0.3 - 5 kHz
  • 0.3 - 5 MHz

Question 53

Question
High frequency AC is less harmful to the body than low frequency AC. This is because high frequency AC:
Answer
  • Increases exposure time
  • Passes through the skin without irritation
  • Changes ion polarization

Question 54

Question
Microwave diathermy uses frequency of 2.450 GHz. This frequency is:
Answer
  • Higher than microwave oven frequency
  • Lower than microwave oven frequency
  • The same as microwave oven frequency

Question 55

Question
What type of accident is most common during microwave diathermy:
Answer
  • Electrocution
  • Burning
  • Neuromuscular Stimulation

Question 56

Question
The most prominent effect of DC on the human body is:
Answer
  • Constant orientation of ions (polarization), followed by accommodation
  • Continuous change of polarity and lack of accommodation
  • Vibration of ions around equilibrium position, rotation of electrical dipoles
  • Propagation through skin with irritation.

Question 57

Question
Which of the following effects is NOT characteristic for AC
Answer
  • Constant orientation of ions (polarization), followed by accommodation
  • Continuous change of polarity and lack of accommodation
  • Vibration of ions around equilibrium position, rotation of electrical dipoles
  • Propagation through the skin without irritation

Question 58

Question
Which of the following effects is characteristic for low frequency (50 Hz) alternative current:
Answer
  • Constant orientation ions (polarization), followed by accommodation.
  • Ions vibrate around equilibrium position, electrical dipoles rotate
  • Passes through the skin with irritation and causes deep heating

Question 59

Question
Which of the following effects is characteristic of high frequency (2 MHz) alternative current:
Answer
  • Constant orientation ions (polarization), followed by accommodation.
  • Ions vibrate around equilibrium position, electrical dipoles rotate
  • Passes through the skin without irritation and causes deep heating.

Question 60

Question
Which therapeutic method causes deep tissue heating:
Answer
  • High frequency therapy using electric current
  • Thermovision
  • Deep roentgen therapy

Question 61

Question
UHF with high frequency electromagnetic waves (= GHz) are used in:
Answer
  • Faradizations
  • Diathermia
  • Microwave Therapy

Question 62

Question
Negative, light aeroions have:
Answer
  • A favorable effect on humans
  • A negative biological effect on humans
  • A favorable effect if they are attached to dust particles.

Question 63

Question
Positive Aeroions have:
Answer
  • A favorable effect on humans
  • A negative biological effect on humans
  • A favorable effect if they are attached to dust particles

Question 64

Question
The franklinization (electric shower) is a method in:
Answer
  • Thermal therapy using infared rays
  • Patient preparation for diagnostic imaging
  • Artificial aeroionotherapy

Question 65

Question
In the Franklilization (electric shower) the negative electrode is:
Answer
  • Connected to patients chair
  • Above patients head
  • On the stage where the patients has stepped

Question 66

Question
Favorable effect on the organism have:
Answer
  • Light positive aeroions
  • Light negative aeroions
  • None of the aeroions

Question 67

Question
The concentration of light, negative aeroions is higher in:
Answer
  • In the forest
  • Small village
  • Industrial Town

Question 68

Question
Iontophoresis uses:
Answer
  • US
  • Radioactive sources
  • Direct electric current
  • Alternating electric current

Question 69

Question
Iontophoresis is a method for:
Answer
  • Electrodiagnostics
  • Electrostimulation
  • Electrotherapy with drugs

Question 70

Question
During Iontophoresis, if active pharmaceutical ion is positive, the active electrode is:
Answer
  • The anode (positive)
  • The Cathode (negative)
  • Either anode with work

Question 71

Question
What is the difference between Sonophoresis and Iontophoresis:
Answer
  • The former is therapeutic and the latter is diagnostic
  • The external (physical) stimulus, enabling the insertion of drugs into the tissue
  • The location of application.

Question 72

Question
The constant magnetic field applied to the patient in MRI examination is:
Answer
  • Weaker than the earths magnetic
  • Much stronger than the earths magnetic field
  • Equal to the Earths magnetic field.

Question 73

Question
What part of the hydrogen nuclei (protons) are examined tissues participates in the processes of forming a diagnostic image:
Answer
  • All protons
  • Minor part (about 0.0001%)
  • All protons from the water molecules.

Question 74

Question
In order to observe the phenomenon of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), in an atomic nucleus must be:
Answer
  • Metastable
  • Radioactive
  • With a magnetic moment other than zero

Question 75

Question
The contrast between different biological tissues in MRI is obtained from:
Answer
  • The decay of electromagnetic waves, passing through them.
  • The difference in density p of tissues
  • The difference in volume concentrations of hydrogen nuclei (proton)

Question 76

Question
Medicinal Substances with anti-oxidation properties are analysed using:
Answer
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
  • Electronic Paramagnetic Resonance
  • Radionuclide Methods
  • Colour Doppler

Question 77

Question
The chemical shift is an important parameter for direct observation of the chemical basis of disease, in:
Answer
  • SPECT - Single Photo Emission Computer Tomography
  • PET - Positron Emission Tomography
  • CT - Computed Tomography
  • Spectroscopic MRI

Question 78

Question
Which is the most common contrast substance used in MRI
Answer
  • 99m TC
  • 60Co
  • 64Gd
  • 10B

Question 79

Question
Volume Concentration of Protons is a parameter in diagnostic image formation in:
Answer
  • Technography
  • Magnetic Resonance Tomography MRI
  • Positron Emission Tomography - PET
  • Roentgenography

Question 80

Question
Contrast substances used MRI are:
Answer
  • Paramagnetic
  • Piezocrystals
  • Photosensitive

Question 81

Question
Contrast substances used in MRI diagnostics modify:
Answer
  • The size of the external magnetic field
  • The density of protons p in the examined tissue
  • The times of relaxation T1 and T2 in the examined tissues.
  • The frequency of the high frequency electromagnetic field

Question 82

Question
Longitudinal time of relaxation T1 is a parameter used in:
Answer
  • Positron Emission Tomography
  • Echography
  • Magnetic Resonance Tomography
  • Roentgen Computed Tomography

Question 83

Question
Transversal time of relaxation T2 is parameter used in:
Answer
  • Positron Emission Tomography
  • Echography
  • MRI
  • Roentgen Computed Tomography (CT)

Question 84

Question
In MRI, the electric signals from different small volume elements (voxels) in examined tissues are distinguished by:
Answer
  • The applied gradient magnetic fields
  • Change in the frequency of the high frequency electromagnetic field
  • Introduction (injection) of contrast substance

Question 85

Question
The effect of the high frequency electromagnetic field on examined tissues in MRI is:
Answer
  • Dangerous heating
  • Insignificant endogenic heating
  • Electric Excitation

Question 86

Question
For which of the listed below organs and tissues, is MRI the most informative diagnostic imagine method:
Answer
  • Soft Tissues
  • Bones
  • Body Cavities

Question 87

Question
MRI coil magnets operate at very low temperature (in liquid helium) so that:
Answer
  • The risk of tissue damage is reduced
  • The constant magnetic field is homogenous
  • A superconductivity is achieved - Magnetizing coil wires are very thin.
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