Chapter 11

Time students spend actively engaged in learning the task at hand

Time during which students have the opportunity to learn

The degree to which people are held responsible for their task performances or decision outcomes

Situation in which students appear to be on task but are not engaged in learning

Class rewards that depend on the behavior of all students

Systematic application of antecedents and consequences to change behavior

Removal of a student from a situation in which misbehavior was reinforced.

For contact, gestures, physical proximity, or touching that a teacher uses to communicate without interrupting verbal discourse

The degree to which the teacher is aware of and responsive to student behavior at all times

Methods used to prevent behavior problems from occurring or to respond to behavior problems so as to reduce their occurrence in the future