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ASTR Review for Final #1 (All 5 Quizzes)

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Quiz on ASTR Review for Final #1 (All 5 Quizzes), created by Taylor Campbell on 24/04/2015.
Taylor Campbell
Quiz by Taylor Campbell, updated more than 1 year ago
Taylor Campbell
Created by Taylor Campbell almost 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Which kind of light travels fastest in a vacuum?
Answer
  • X-Rays.
  • Gamma Rays.
  • Radio waves.
  • Infrared.
  • They all travel at the same speed.

Question 2

Question
What kind of light has wavelengths between those of ultraviolet light and those of gamma waves?
Answer
  • Infrared.
  • Microwaves.
  • Radio waves.
  • X-rays.
  • Visible light.

Question 3

Question
How long does it take light from the Sun to reach us?
Answer
  • 63,2000 years.
  • 4.3 years.
  • 8.3 minutes.
  • 8.3 seconds.
  • 4.3 seconds.

Question 4

Question
The mass of a positron is the same as that of:
Answer
  • a neutron.
  • an electron.
  • a proton.
  • a neutrino.
  • a photon.

Question 5

Question
In the second step of the proton-proton chain sequence of nuclear reactions occuring in the core of the Sun, a 2H nucleus and a 1H nucleus react. What is produced?
Answer
  • A 3^H nucleus.
  • A 3^He nucleus.
  • Three 1^H nuclei.
  • A 3^Li nucleus.
  • Only energy; they annilihate each other.

Question 6

Question
Which of the following processes in an atom is called 'excitation'?
Answer
  • when an atom loses an electron.
  • when an atom fuses with another atom.
  • when the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more parts.
  • when an atom gains a neutron.
  • when an electron in an atom gains energy and jumps to a higher energy level.

Question 7

Question
32 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to:
Answer
  • 0 degrees Kelvin.
  • -273 degrees Kelvin.
  • -273 degrees Celsius.
  • 273 degrees Celsius.
  • 273 degrees Kelvin.

Question 8

Question
In equation form, the inverse square law of light states:
Answer
  • luminosity is proportional to T^4.
  • brightness is proportional to 1/D^2.
  • lambda(max) is proportional to 1/T.
  • parallax is proportional to 1/D.
  • luminosity is proportional to radius^2.

Question 9

Question
Which portion of the Sun covers the largest total volume, in kilometers^3?
Answer
  • the corona.
  • the convective zone.
  • the radiative zone.
  • the chromosphere.
  • the photosphere.

Question 10

Question
As the frequency of light increases:
Answer
  • the wavelength increases and the energy decreases.
  • the wavelength decreases and the energy decreases.
  • the wavelength increases and the energy increases.
  • the wavelength decreases and the energy increases.
  • the wavelength increases and the energy remains the same.

Question 11

Question
When viewed carefully in visible light through a solar telescope, the Sun appears `speckled', with small (about 1000 km wide) variations in brightness covering the whole photosphere. These 'speckles' are the tops of convective cells. These features are called:
Answer
  • Granules.
  • Cosmological spots.
  • Isotopes.
  • Wien's spots.
  • Sunspots.

Question 12

Question
The peak of the spectrum of the photosphere of Betelgeuse lies in the:
Answer
  • ultraviolet.
  • infrared.
  • visible.
  • X-ray.
  • radio.

Question 13

Question
What is a watt?
Answer
  • A unit of distance.
  • A unit of energy.
  • A unit of energy/time.
  • A unit of angle.
  • A sub-atomic particle.

Question 14

Question
How are the distances to the nearest stars determined?
Answer
  • From their Doppler shift.
  • From their parallax.
  • From Wien's Law.
  • By detecting neutrinos from them.
  • Using Convection.

Question 15

Question
A hot solid (like a burner on a stove) produces:
Answer
  • a continuous spectrum.
  • an emission line spectrum.
  • an absorption line spectrum.
  • light at a single wavelength.
  • light at only a few specific wavelengths.

Question 16

Question
Deuterium is:
Answer
  • Anti-matter.
  • Hydrogen.
  • Helium.
  • Positrons.
  • Particles of light.

Question 17

Question
A parsec is:
Answer
  • 1/3600 of a degree.
  • 3.26 light years.
  • 8.3 light minutes.
  • The distance from the Earth to the Sun.
  • The distance from the Earth to the Moon.

Question 18

Question
The strong force is:
Answer
  • the force that keeps electrons bound to their atoms.
  • another name for the gravitational force.
  • the force that is involved whenever an atom is ionized.
  • the force that keeps the nuclei of atoms together.
  • the force that keeps the Earth in orbit around the Sun.

Question 19

Question
Kinetic energy is:
Answer
  • energy carried by light.
  • energy produced when an electron and a positron collide.
  • energy of motion.
  • energy stored for future use.
  • all of the above.

Question 20

Question
Why does it take so long for the energy produced in the core of the Sun to make its way out of the Sun?
Answer
  • The convective cells in the convective layer move very slowly, transporting the energy very slowly.
  • The speed of light is very low in the interior of the Sun because of the strong gravity.
  • Photons do not travel very far without being absorbed, and when they are re-emitted, it is in a random direction.
  • Millions of small black holes throughout the Sun trap the energy.
  • The nuclear reactions in the core produce mostly radio waves, which travel very slowly.

Question 21

Question
A tenth magnitude star is:
Answer
  • 2.5 times fainter than an eleventh magnitude star.
  • 2.5 times brighter than an eleventh magnitude star.
  • ten times fainter than an eleventh magnitude star.
  • ten times brighter than an eleventh magnitude star.
  • 100 times brighter than an eleventh magnitude star.

Question 22

Question
Luminosity Class III stars are classified as:
Answer
  • Supergiant stars.
  • White dwarf stars.
  • Main sequence stars.
  • Giant stars.
  • Either giant or supergiant, depending upon the spectral class.

Question 23

Question
Which of the following spectral types of stars has the hottest photospheric temperature?
Answer
  • A.
  • B.
  • F.
  • K.
  • O.

Question 24

Question
Which of the following spectral types of stars has the strongest lines from ionized helium?
Answer
  • A.
  • K.
  • G.
  • M.
  • O.

Question 25

Question
What is Henry Norris Russell known for?
Answer
  • Pioneering the use of plots of luminosity vs. temperature for stars.
  • Re-organizing the spectral sequence ABCDEF... to the sequence used today.
  • Determining that the acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to its mass.
  • Determining that the gravitational force between two objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance apart.
  • Determining that stars are made up of mostly hydrogen and helium.

Question 26

Question
Spectral type A stars:
Answer
  • have very strong spectral lines of Titanium Oxide (TiO).
  • have very low B-V values (-0.3), compared to most stars.
  • have stronger hydrogen lines than all other types of stars.
  • have stronger lines of ionized helium than all other types of stars.
  • have surface temperatures of about 30,000K.

Question 27

Question
Which of the following is NOT a main sequence star?
Answer
  • A M2V star.
  • A M5I star.
  • A B2V star.
  • The Sun.
  • A star fusing hydrogen to helium in its core.

Question 28

Question
If a star is too far away to get its distance via stellar parallax, what is another method that can sometimes be used?
Answer
  • Measure its proper motion.
  • Measure its Doppler shift.
  • Spectroscopic parallax.
  • Use Wien's Law.
  • Search for sunspots on the star.

Question 29

Question
Solar maximum occurs approximately every:
Answer
  • 5 minutes.
  • 25 hours.
  • 11 years.
  • 250 years.
  • 25,000 years.

Question 30

Question
The magnetic polarity of the Sun switches approximately every:
Answer
  • 5-10 minutes.
  • 1 - 100 days.
  • 6 months.
  • 11 years.
  • 26,000 years.

Question 31

Question
Newton's Second Law, in mathematical form, states:
Answer
  • F = MA.
  • lambda(max) is proportional to 1/T.
  • the angular size is inversely proportional to the distance.
  • Fv1 = Fv2.
  • p is proportional to 1/D

Question 32

Question
When the Moon moves directly in front of the Sun, but the Moon's angular size is too small to completely block the photosphere of the Sun, the eclipse that is produced is called:
Answer
  • A lunar eclipse.
  • A coronal eclipse.
  • A spicular eclipse.
  • A magnetodynamical eclipse.
  • An annular eclipse.

Question 33

Question
The Earth is 81 times more massive than the Moon. How does the gravitational force on the Earth due to the Moon compare with the gravitational force on the Moon due to the Earth?
Answer
  • the gravitational force on the Earth due to the Moon is 81 times smaller.
  • the gravitational force on the Earth due to the Moon is 812 = 6561 times smaller.
  • the gravitational force on the Earth due to the Moon is square root of 81 = 9 times smaller.
  • the gravitational force on the Earth due to the Moon is 81 times larger.
  • the two forces are the same.

Question 34

Question
An astronaut on the International Space Station orbiting Earth:
Answer
  • has a mass of 0 kg.
  • has a constant velocity.
  • is not accelerating.
  • is constantly accelerating.
  • has a mass equal to 1/6th of his/her mass on Earth.

Question 35

Question
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation can be written mathematically as:
Answer
  • F = GMv1Mv2/R^2
  • F = GMv1/Mv2R^2
  • F = GMv1Mv2/R
  • F = GMv1Mv2R^2
  • F = Mv1Mv2/GR^2

Question 36

Question
Gas in which component of the Sun has a typical temperature of about a million degrees Kelvin?
Answer
  • The core.
  • The photosphere.
  • Sunspots.
  • The chromosphere.
  • The corona.

Question 37

Question
How long does an individual sunspot last?
Answer
  • 5 - 10 minutes.
  • 1 - 100 days.
  • 11 years.
  • 22 years.
  • more than four hundred years. We still see the same sunspots that Galileo saw.

Question 38

Question
Which of the following stars has the highest B - V?
Answer
  • A main sequence O star.
  • A white dwarf.
  • The Sun.
  • An A2V star.
  • Betelgeuse.

Question 39

Question
Which type of star has temperatures between M stars and G stars?
Answer
  • F.
  • A.
  • B.
  • O.
  • K.

Question 40

Question
Which type of star has the largest radius?
Answer
  • G2V.
  • M2I.
  • M2III.
  • M2V.
  • K2V.

Question 41

Question
A white dwarf is:
Answer
  • the burnt-out core of a star like the Sun, after the outer layers of the star have blown off and dispersed into interstellar space.
  • a main sequence M star.
  • an object with a mass between 0.08 and 0.013 solar masses, that never became a star.
  • an extrasolar planet.
  • another name for a brown dwarf.

Question 42

Question
The Pleiades open cluster contains many B stars. Blue glowing nebulae surround the stars in this cluster. These are called:
Answer
  • HII Regions.
  • Reflection Nebulae.
  • Supernova Remnants.
  • Planetary Nebulae.
  • Protostars.

Question 43

Question
The Pisgah Radio Telescope detects a strong 21 cm emission line from interstellar gas clouds. What produces this line?
Answer
  • Atomic hydrogen gas.
  • Molecular hydrogen.
  • Carbon monoxide.
  • interstellar dust.
  • Ionized helium.

Question 44

Question
Planetary nebulae are a type of interstellar cloud. What type?
Answer
  • Molecular clouds.
  • Ionized clouds.
  • Atomic hydrogen clouds.
  • The remnants of the explosions of supernovae.
  • Dark clouds.

Question 45

Question
The light curve of a star is a plot of what property of the star vs. time?
Answer
  • proper motion vs. time.
  • position vs. time.
  • velocity vs. time.
  • brightness vs. time.
  • angular size vs. time.

Question 46

Question
The thermal spectrum (blackbody spectrum) of an interstellar dust grain peaks:
Answer
  • in the ultraviolet.
  • in the far-infrared.
  • in the middle of the visible range.
  • in the X-ray.
  • at 21 cm.

Question 47

Question
The strong red emission line from hydrogen called the H-alpha line is strongest from what kind of interstellar clouds?
Answer
  • molecular clouds.
  • HI clouds.
  • HII regions.
  • dark clouds.
  • reflection nebulae.

Question 48

Question
When two stars in a binary system are both clearly seen from Earth as individual stars, and their orbital motion can be measured to confirm that they are gravitationally bound together, the pair is called a/an:
Answer
  • Astrometric binary.
  • Visual binary.
  • Spectroscopic binary.
  • Optical double.
  • Eclipsing binary.

Question 49

Question
What happens to the observed color of a star when it is behind an interstellar cloud?
Answer
  • It appears bluer than it really is.
  • It appears redder than it really is.
  • Its color does not change; it gets dimmer the same amount at all wavelengths.
  • The optical color doesn't change, but all of the IR light from the star is absorbed by the cloud.
  • The red and blue light gets dimmed similar amounts, while the yellow light is not affected by the cloud.

Question 50

Question
Which of the following kinds of interstellar clouds are the hottest?
Answer
  • HII regions.
  • Molecular clouds.
  • Atomic clouds.
  • Reflection nebulae.
  • Dark clouds.

Question 51

Question
Which type of main sequence star has the lowest mass?
Answer
  • A stars.
  • B stars.
  • F stars.
  • G stars.
  • M stars.

Question 52

Question
In class, we did a demonstration in which a person sat on a stool and spun around. When he pulled in his arms, he spun faster. The reason this happens is because of:
Answer
  • mass conservation.
  • energy conservation.
  • linear momentum conservation.
  • angular momentum conservation.
  • the center of mass relation.

Question 53

Question
What is the best type of telescope to use if you want to discover previously-unknown protostars?
Answer
  • X-ray.
  • Ultraviolet.
  • Visible light.
  • Infrared.
  • Gamma ray.

Question 54

Question
The star Algol in Perseus (`The Ghoul' or `The Demon Star') was well-known to ancient astronomers, because of its peculiar nature. What unusual observational effect did ancient astronomers notice about this star?
Answer
  • its large proper motion.
  • its large parallax.
  • a regular back-and-forth motion on the sky, indicating a companion.
  • every few days, it gets much brighter for a short period.
  • every few days, it gets much dimmer for a short period.

Question 55

Question
What is the difference between a planet like Jupiter and a brown dwarf?
Answer
  • there is no difference: Jupiter is an example of a brown dwarf.
  • a brown dwarf is the burned-out core of a star that has run out of nuclear fuel.
  • a brown dwarf is a low luminosity main sequence star.
  • a brown dwarf may have 1H fusion going on in its core; Jupiter does not.
  • a brown dwarf may have 2H fusion going on in its core; Jupiter does not.

Question 56

Question
The dark cloud shaped like a horse's head, that is known as the Horsehead Nebula, is:
Answer
  • A reflection nebula.
  • An HI cloud.
  • A molecular cloud.
  • An HII region.
  • An ionized gas cloud.

Question 57

Question
Compared to an unobscured GV star, a GV star that lies behind an interstellar cloud will appear:
Answer
  • more redshifted.
  • bluer.
  • redder.
  • hotter.
  • more luminous.

Question 58

Question
What luminosity class stars approximately obey the mass-luminosity relation described by the formula luminosity is proportional to mass to the fourth power?
Answer
  • I.
  • II.
  • III.
  • IV.
  • V.

Question 59

Question
Millimeter (microwave) telescopes detect the 2.6 millimeter emission lines from dense interstellar gas clouds. What produces this line?
Answer
  • Atomic hydrogen gas.
  • Molecular hydrogen.
  • Carbon monoxide.
  • interstellar dust.
  • Ionized helium.

Question 60

Question
When an interstellar cloud gravitationally collapses to form a protostar, what happens to the temperature of the gas in the core of the cloud?
Answer
  • it remains constant until nuclear fusion starts, then it increases.
  • the temperature of the gas in the core decreases as the cloud collapses until nuclear fusion starts, then it increases.
  • the temperature of the gas in the core increases as the cloud collapses, even before nuclear fusion starts, then it increases further.
  • the temperature of the gas in the core decreases as the cloud collapses until nuclear fusion starts, then it decreases further as fusion cools the core down.
  • no protostars have ever been found, so scientists have no idea what happens.

Question 61

Question
In high mass main sequence stars, hydrogen is fusing to helium in the core. What is name of the main set of reactions by which this process occurs?
Answer
  • The proton-proton chain.
  • The CNO cycle.
  • The triple alpha process.
  • The brown dwarf process.
  • The asymptotic giant branch process.

Question 62

Question
If a white dwarf in a mass transfer binary system exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit, it becomes:
Answer
  • A nova.
  • A Type I supernova (a carbon-detonation supernova).
  • A Type II supernova (a core-collapse supernova).
  • A planetary nebula.
  • A black hole.

Question 63

Question
Who discovered the first pulsar?
Answer
  • Annie Jump Cannon.
  • Henry Norris Russell.
  • Jocelyn Bell.
  • Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin.
  • Ejnar Hertzsprung.

Question 64

Question
Three solar masses is:
Answer
  • The upper mass limit to the mass of a neutron star.
  • The upper mass limit to the mass of a white dwarf.
  • The upper mass limit to the mass of a brown dwarf.
  • The approximate mass of a main sequence M star.
  • The approximate mass of a main sequence O star.

Question 65

Question
Which of the following objects is closest in diameter to the Earth?
Answer
  • A main sequence M star.
  • A main sequence O star.
  • A neutron star.
  • A white dwarf.
  • Betelgeuse.

Question 66

Question
The very regular `pulses' of radio light we see from some neutron stars are due to:
Answer
  • the star pulsating in size.
  • a companion dumping gas onto the neutron star, causing flare-ups of nuclear reactions.
  • a companion periodically eclipsing the neutron star.
  • as the pulsar spins, a beam of light from the magnetic poles of the neutron star sweeps across the Earth.
  • an extragalactic civilization.

Question 67

Question
When a 1 solar mass star leaves the main sequence and moves up the red giant branch of the H-R diagram for the first time, what is occuring in the interior of the star?
Answer
  • no nuclear reactions are occuring anywhere in its interior.
  • hydrogen fusion in the core.
  • helium fusion in the core.
  • carbon fusion in the core.
  • no reactions in the core; hydrogen fusion in a shell surrounding the core.

Question 68

Question
Why doesn't a white dwarf contract under the force of its own gravity?
Answer
  • Because carbon fusion is occuring in its core.
  • Because the CNO process is occuring in its core.
  • Because the triple alpha process is occuring in its core.
  • it is held up against gravity by electron degeneracy pressure.
  • it is held up against gravity by neutron degeneracy pressure.

Question 69

Question
Which of the following statements is true about the lifetimes of main sequence stars?
Answer
  • Lower luminosity main sequence stars live longer than higher luminosity main sequence stars.
  • Main sequence A stars live longer than main sequence K stars.
  • Hot main sequence stars live longer than cool main sequence stars.
  • The greater the mass of a star, the longer its main sequence lifetime.
  • All main sequence A stars ever formed are still main sequence A stars.

Question 70

Question
Approximately how many years from now will the Sun runs out of hydrogen in its core?
Answer
  • 1 million years.
  • 5 million years.
  • 5 billion years.
  • 5 trillion years.
  • five hundred trillion years.

Question 71

Question
A particular star cluster is observed to have a full main sequence, extending from MV stars to OV stars. Approximately how old is this cluster?
Answer
  • Less than a few million years old.
  • 100 million years old.
  • 1 billion years old.
  • 10 billion years old.
  • 1 trillion years old.

Question 72

Question
Iron is produced:
Answer
  • In the core of main sequence stars.
  • In the cores of red giant stars.
  • In white dwarf stars.
  • In the last stages of life of a 1 solar mass star.
  • In the cores of massive stars, just before a supernova.

Question 73

Question
What is the heaviest chemical element that will ever be created in large amounts in the core of the Sun?
Answer
  • Iron.
  • Uranium.
  • Silicon.
  • Titanium.
  • Carbon.

Question 74

Question
From lowest mass to highest mass, what is the correct order of the following objects or types of objects?
Answer
  • Neutron stars, brown dwarfs, MV stars, the Sun.
  • Brown dwarfs, MV stars, the Sun, Neutron stars.
  • Brown dwarfs, neutron stars, MV stars, the Sun.
  • The Sun, brown dwarfs, neutron stars, MV stars.
  • Brown dwarfs, the Sun, neutron stars, MV stars.

Question 75

Question
The triple alpha process is:
Answer
  • Another name for the proton-proton chain.
  • The process that produces uranium and other high mass elements.
  • When three helium-4 nuclei fuse to form carbon.
  • The formation of neutrons out of protons and electrons.
  • When three stars combine to form a more massive star.

Question 76

Question
Synchrotron radiation is produced by:
Answer
  • a hot sold object, like the filament in a light bulb.
  • electrons in atoms jumping from lower energy levels to higher energy levels.
  • electrons in atoms jumping from higher energy levels to lower energy levels.
  • only supernova.
  • accelerated charged particles.

Question 77

Question
Which of the following chemical elements is only produced during a supernova explosion?
Answer
  • Plutonium.
  • Silicon.
  • Iron.
  • Magnesium.
  • Oxygen.

Question 78

Question
Which of the following stars will likely eventually explode as a supernova?
Answer
  • The Sun.
  • The MV star Proxima Cen.
  • Betelgeuse.
  • A 0.5 solar mass AGB star.
  • All of the above.

Question 79

Question
Over the course of its lifetime, the Sun will go through all of the following stages except one. Which is the exception?
Answer
  • white dwarf.
  • AGB star.
  • neutron star.
  • horizontal branch star.
  • red giant.

Question 80

Question
Approximately how frequently does a supernova occur in the Milky Way Galaxy?
Answer
  • once every million years.
  • once every 200 years.
  • once per year.
  • about 100 supernova occur in the Milky Way per year.
  • about a million supernova occur in the Milky Way per year.

Question 81

Question
On the Hubble Tuning Fork diagram, galaxies that sit between the ellipticals and the spiral galaxies are called:
Answer
  • Irregular galaxies.
  • S0 galaxies.
  • Sc galaxies.
  • Sb galaxies.
  • SBd galaxies.

Question 82

Question
Most of the following types of objects are mainly found in the disk of the Milky Way. Which of the following is the exception, also being seen regularly in the bulge and halo?
Answer
  • open clusters.
  • HII regions.
  • SN Type II.
  • O and B main sequence stars.
  • planetary nebulae.

Question 83

Question
What is the mass of a photon of light?
Answer
  • 1/2000th the mass of a proton.
  • 1/2000th the mass of an electron.
  • It depends upon the wavelength: the longer the wavelength, the larger the mass.
  • It depends upon the wavelength: the longer the wavelength, the smaller the mass.
  • Zero.

Question 84

Question
The Schwarzchild Radius is defined as:
Answer
  • The radius of the stellar disk of the Milky Way.
  • The point between two stars in a binary star system such that the gravitational force from the two stars is equal.
  • The maximum possible radius of a white dwarf.
  • The maximum possible radius of a neutron star.
  • The radius of the event horizon of a black hole.

Question 85

Question
What is the main difference between E0 and E7 galaxies?
Answer
  • E0 galaxies are much larger, in physical diameter.
  • E7 galaxies are flatter in appearance, while E0 galaxies are round.
  • E7 galaxies have spiral arms; E0 galaxies do not.
  • E0 galaxies have bars in the center; E7 galaxies do not.
  • E0 galaxies have tightly wrapped spiral arms; E7 galaxies have loosely wrapped spiral arms.

Question 86

Question
An SBc galaxy:
Answer
  • has a large bulge and tightly wrapped spiral arms.
  • has a large bulge and loosely wrapped spiral arms.
  • has a large bulge and a bar.
  • has a small bulge and a bar.
  • is a spheroidal ball of stars which is approximately round in appearance on the sky.

Question 87

Question
Who was the first person to classify spiral and elliptical galaxies into sub-types according to their appearance?
Answer
  • Edwin Hubble.
  • Henrietta Leavitt.
  • Harlow Shapley.
  • William Herschel.
  • Robert Trumpler.

Question 88

Question
Who was the first person to conclude that the Sun is NOT in the center of the Milky Way?
Answer
  • Henrietta Leavitt.
  • Harlow Shapley.
  • Edwin Hubble.
  • William Herschel.
  • Robert Trumpler.

Question 89

Question
Henrietta Leavitt discovered:
Answer
  • Diffuse interstellar dust in the Milky Way.
  • Sagittarius A*.
  • The Cepheid Period-Luminosity Relation.
  • Cepheid Variables in the Andromeda Galaxy.
  • The first pulsar.

Question 90

Question
On the H-R Diagram, Cepheid Variables sit:
Answer
  • On the bottom of the Main Sequence.
  • On the top of the Main Sequence.
  • Below and to the left of the Main Sequence.
  • On the far right: they are M stars.
  • Near the middle of the diagram, above the Main Sequence.

Question 91

Question
In the Milky Way, most of the interstellar gas is:
Answer
  • In the spiral arms.
  • In the bulge.
  • In the halo.
  • In the disk.
  • Evenly spread between the bulge, the disk, and the halo.

Question 92

Question
What object lies in the center of the Milky Way galaxy?
Answer
  • Cygnus X-1.
  • delta Cephei.
  • The Sun.
  • Sirius.
  • Sagittarius A*.

Question 93

Question
The first conclusive evidence that light is affected by gravity was obtained:
Answer
  • About three years ago, at the CERN laboratory in Switzerland.
  • In 1919, during a total solar eclipse.
  • In the 1960's, with a radio telescope.
  • About 10 years ago, with the Hubble Telescope.
  • No evidence has been found yet; it has just been theorized.

Question 94

Question
In the Milky Way, open clusters are found:
Answer
  • Mainly in the disk.
  • Mainly in the bulge.
  • Mainly in the halo.
  • Evenly spread in the disk, bulge, and halo.
  • In both the bulge and halo, but usually not the disk.

Question 95

Question
William Herschel:
Answer
  • Discovered Cepheid variables in the Andromeda Galaxy.
  • Discovered the Period-Luminosity relation for Cepheid variable stars.
  • Made the first 3-dimensional map of the Milky Way.
  • Classified galaxies according to the bulge/disk ratio and the tightness of wrapping of the spiral arms.
  • Was the first person to conclude that the Sun is not in the center of the Milky Way.

Question 96

Question
By tradition, plots of the circular orbital velocities of stars and gas in the disks of spiral galaxies vs. the distance from the center are called:
Answer
  • Spin diagrams.
  • Hubble diagrams.
  • Rotation curves.
  • Light curves.
  • Tidal diagrams.

Question 97

Question
RR Lyrae stars are:
Answer
  • Brown dwarfs.
  • White dwarfs.
  • Variable stars.
  • Eclipsing binary stars.
  • Protostars.

Question 98

Question
What did Friedrich Bessel detect for the first time in 1838?
Answer
  • Brown dwarfs.
  • Cepheid variables in the Andromeda Galaxy.
  • An eclipsing binary star.
  • A pulsar.
  • Stellar parallax.

Question 99

Question
Cygnus X-1 is most likely:
Answer
  • An eclipsing binary star.
  • A Cepheid variable star.
  • A neutron star.
  • A black hole.
  • An RR Lyrae star.

Question 100

Question
A black hole with the same mass as Jupiter has an event horizon with a radius of about 3 meters. The Sun has a mass about 1000 times that of Jupiter. Therefore, the radius of the event horizon of a 1 solar mass black hole is:
Answer
  • 3 kilometers.
  • 3 centimeters.
  • 3^3 = 27 meters.
  • 3 million meters = 3000 kilometers.
  • 1/3 meter.

Question 101

Question
What is the second-to-top step on the Cosmological Distance Ladder?
Answer
  • Hubble's Law.
  • Supernovae Type I.
  • Cepheid Variables.
  • Spectroscopic Parallax.
  • Stellar Parallax.

Question 102

Question
The Local Group is in the center of:
Answer
  • The Coma Cluster.
  • The Great Wall.
  • The Virgo Cluster.
  • The Local Supercluster.
  • None of the above.

Question 103

Question
The Magellanic Clouds are in the:
Answer
  • Virgo Cluster.
  • The Great Wall.
  • The Coma Cluster.
  • The Local Group.
  • The Milky Way.

Question 104

Question
Double-Lobed Radio Galaxies are mostly:
Answer
  • Giant Elliptical galaxies.
  • Spiral galaxies.
  • Barred spiral galaxies.
  • Both barred and unbarred spiral galaxies.
  • Irregular galaxies.

Question 105

Question
Quasars are:
Answer
  • Only found in the Milky Way.
  • Only found in the Local Group.
  • Only found in the Local Supercluster.
  • Similar in luminosity to Sagittarius A*.
  • Less frequent in the present than in the past.

Question 106

Question
The Sun was first detected in the radio by:
Answer
  • Karl Jansky.
  • Edwin Hubble.
  • Jocelyn Bell.
  • Allan Sandage.
  • Radar operators in World War II.

Question 107

Question
Hubble's constant is approximately 75 (km/s)/Mpc. If a galaxy is moving away from us at a speed of 7500 km/s, what is its approximate distance?
Answer
  • 7500 X 75 = 562,500 Mpc.
  • 75/7500 = 0.01 Mpc.
  • 7500 / 75 = 100 Mpc.
  • 7500 X 75 X 75 = 42,188,000 Mpc
  • 7500 / 752 = 1.33 Mpc.

Question 108

Question
Hubble's Law is a useful way to determine astronomical distances, but only for some objects. For which of these objects would it work to get an approximate distance?
Answer
  • A globular cluster in the halo of the Milky Way.
  • The stars in the belt of Orion.
  • Sagittarius A*.
  • The Andromeda Galaxy.
  • The Great Wall.

Question 109

Question
The emission lines seen in the optical spectra of quasars were initially unidentified. Who first identified these lines, and showed that they are just lines of ordinary elements, but very redshifted?
Answer
  • Edwin Hubble.
  • Jocelyn Bell.
  • Maarten Schmidt.
  • Harlow Shapley.
  • Allan Sandage.

Question 110

Question
The Cartwheel galaxy is:
Answer
  • a giant elliptical galaxy in the center of the Coma cluster.
  • a spiral galaxy very similar to the Milky Way.
  • a dwarf irregular galaxy in orbit around the Milky Way.
  • a ring galaxy.
  • a dwarf elliptical galaxy in the Local Group.

Question 111

Question
A Universe that will collapse back upon itself in a `Big Crunch' is called a/an:
Answer
  • Flat Universe.
  • Closed Universe.
  • Open Universe.
  • Infinite Universe.
  • Universe with a density equal to the the critical density.

Question 112

Question
The Cosmological Constant was initially introduced into the equations governing the evolution of the Universe by:
Answer
  • Edwin Hubble.
  • Henrietta Leavitt.
  • Harlow Shapley.
  • Albert Einstein.
  • Allan Sandage.

Question 113

Question
Which of the following objects is the most luminous?
Answer
  • A quasar.
  • A Cepheid variable star.
  • Sagittarius A*.
  • The nucleus of a Seyfert galaxy.
  • A pulsar.

Question 114

Question
The Zone of Avoidance is:
Answer
  • A large spherical 'void' containing very few galaxies, as seen in 'slice of the Universe' plots.
  • The large volume of nearby space which does not contain any quasars.
  • The plane of the Milky Way, whose dust blocks light from distant galaxies.
  • All parts of the Universe outside of the Local Supercluster.
  • Parts of the Universe too far away for us to see, since light has not had time yet to reach us.

Question 115

Question
Observations of Supernovae Type I in very distant galaxies provided the first evidence for:
Answer
  • Dark Energy.
  • Dark Matter.
  • A closed Universe.
  • The theory that the Universe will end in a `Big Crunch'.
  • The Great Wall.

Question 116

Question
16. The diagram to the right is a plot of time (on the x axis) vs. the distance between any two galaxies in the Universe (on the y axis) for three different Universes: Universe A, Universe B, and Universe C. Which of the three Universes in the above diagram has the highest density of matter?
Image:
f0cbd076-fd0d-4c13-b472-c4a68cc3a18c.gif (image/gif)
Answer
  • Universe A.
  • Universe B.
  • Universe C.
  • Universe A and B are the same.
  • All three Universes are the same.

Question 117

Question
What is the top step on the Cosmological Distance Ladder?
Answer
  • Hubble's Law.
  • Supernovae Type I.
  • Cepheid Variables.
  • Spectroscopic Parallax.
  • Stellar Parallax.

Question 118

Question
The difference between a double-lobed radio galaxy and a core-halo radio galaxy is:
Answer
  • Double-lobed radio galaxies are ellipticals; core-halo radio galaxies are spirals.
  • Double-lobed radio galaxies are spirals; core-halo radio galaxies are ellipticals.
  • Double-lobed radio galaxies are much more luminous than core-halo radio galaxies.
  • Double-lobed radio galaxies are much less luminous than core-halo radio galaxies.
  • The difference is just due to our viewing location; physically, they are the same kind of objects.

Question 119

Question
The Great Wall is:
Answer
  • Another name for the Local Supercluster.
  • A large 'wall' of galaxies centered on the Local Group.
  • A large `wall' of galaxies about 100 Mpc away, containing the Coma cluster.
  • The part of the Universe hidden in visible light by the dust in the plane of the Milky Way.
  • The group of galaxies we live in.

Question 120

Question
What kind of galaxies are NOT found in the Local Group, but ARE seen in the Virgo Cluster?
Answer
  • dwarf ellipticals.
  • giant ellipticals.
  • spiral galaxies.
  • irregular galaxies.
  • all of the above are seen in both the Local Group and the Virgo Cluster.
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