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Bio 103 - Midterm Study Guide (PT. 2)

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A midterm study guide for Biology 103. Chapter 2 and the Memory Chapter.
Ashley Spratlin
Quiz by Ashley Spratlin, updated more than 1 year ago
Ashley Spratlin
Created by Ashley Spratlin about 3 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Everything psychological is simultaneously. . .
Answer
  • cultural
  • social
  • biological

Question 2

Question
Biological psychologists study the links between our behaviors and our biology.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 3

Question
[blank_start]Neurons[blank_end] are nerve cells; the basic building blocks of the nervous system.
Answer
  • Neurons

Question 4

Question
What are neuron extensions that pass messages through their branches?
Answer
  • dendrite
  • axon
  • neuron

Question 5

Question
What are a neuron's often bushy, branching extensions that receive and integrate messages, conducting impulses toward the cell body?
Answer
  • dendrite
  • axon
  • neuron

Question 6

Question
Action potential is a dendrite activation, a long electrical charge that travels upwards to the brain. Ions are not exchanged.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 7

Question
The absolute threshold is the smallest level of stimulus that can be detected, usually defined as at least half the time.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 8

Question
The [blank_start]synaptic gap[blank_end] is the tiny gap at the junction of a synapse on the synaptic cleft.
Answer
  • synaptic gap

Question 9

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What is a neurotransmitter and what is its function?
Answer
  • A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that crosses the synaptic gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse.
  • A neurotransmitter is a biological messenger that follows the nervous system up to the brain. When it is released by the sending neuron neurotransmitters it binds to the brain and becomes inactive, disallowing any neurons to general a neural impulse.

Question 10

Question
Acetylcholine (Ach) play a role in action and skill; it is a messenger between motor neurons and skeletal muscles.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 11

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Endorphins are naturally occurring opiates produced in the brain.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 12

Question
The [blank_start]Central Nervous System[blank_end] (CNS) includes the brain--neural networks, neuron work groups clusters--and the spinal cord. It is a two-way system of ascending and descending neural fibers and reflexes: spinal reflex and pathway and pain reflex. The [blank_start]Peripheral Nervous System[blank_end] (PNS) involves sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body; it has a somatic system and an autonomic system.
Answer
  • Central Nervous System
  • Peripheral Nervous System

Question 13

Question
The PNS consists of the autonomic and somatic nervous system. What are these?
Answer
  • The AUTONOMIC nervous system enables voluntary skeletal muscle control.
  • The SOMATIC nervous system enables voluntary skeletal muscle control.
  • The AUTONOMIC nervous system controls glands and internal organs--it has a sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
  • The SOMATIC nervous system controls glands and internal organs--it has a sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 14

Question
What nervous system arouses and expends energy by putting the body into "fight or flight" mode?
Answer
  • parasympathetic nervous system
  • sympathetic nervous system

Question 15

Question
Which nervous system calms the body by causing it to go into "rest and digest" mode?
Answer
  • parasympathetic nervous system
  • sympathetic nervous system

Question 16

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The [blank_start]endocrine system[blank_end] is the slow chemical communication system; a set of glands that secret hormones into the bloodstream.
Answer
  • endocrine system
  • respiratory system
  • skeletal system

Question 17

Question
What is the oldest region of the brain? What is the little brain?
Answer
  • corpus callosum; hippocampus
  • cerebellum; brainstem
  • brainstem; cerebellum
  • hippocampus; corpus callosum

Question 18

Question
The brainstem is the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; it is responsible for automatic survival functions.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 19

Question
The cerebellum is considered the oldest region of the brain, and is at the brainstem rear; it processes sensory input, coordinates voluntary muscle movement output and balance, and enables nonverbal learning and memory.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 20

Question
What are hormones?
Answer
  • Chemical components that asexually produce and travel through the bloodstream to inhibit tissue production.
  • Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, they travel through the bloodstream and affect other tissues.
  • Chemical transmitters that are created by the nervous system, they travel through the bloodstream and affect the brain.

Question 21

Question
What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex?
Answer
  • frontal, perietal, occipital, temporal
  • perietal, hippocampus, cerebellum, brainstem
  • frontal, occipital, hippocampus, cerebellum
  • frontal, perietal, occipital, temporary

Question 22

Question
Where are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex located?
Answer
  • Frontal - just behind the forehead; Parietal - top of the head and toward the rear; Occipital - back of the head; Temporal - roughly above the ears
  • Frontal - top of the head and toward the rear; Perietal - back of the head; Occipital - roughly above the ears; Temporal - just behind the forehead
  • Frontal - roughly above the ears; Parietal - top of the head and toward the rear; Occipital - just behind the forehead; Temporal - back of the head

Question 23

Question
What are the functions of the Frontal and Parietal lobes?
Answer
  • The frontal lobes are involved in memory and learned skills. The parietal lobes are involved in the function of the brain and the ability to speak.
  • The frontal lobes receive sensory input for touch and body positions. The parietal lobes are involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements.
  • The frontal lobes are involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements. The parietal lobes receive sensory input for touch and body positions.

Question 24

Question
What are the functions of the occipital and temporal lobes?
Answer
  • The occipital lobes receive information from the visual fields. Temporal lobes cover the auditory areas, each of which receives information primarily from the opposite ear.
  • The occipital lobes cover the auditory areas, each of which receives information primarily from the opposite ear. Temporal lobes receive information from the visual fields.

Question 25

Question
[blank_start]Plasticity[blank_end] is the brain's ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience.
Answer
  • Plasticity

Question 26

Question
The corpus callosum is a large band of neural fibers that connects the two brain hemispheres. The [blank_start]left[blank_end] hemisphere gives rational goal-related orders (math tasks, language control, quick, literal interpretations); the [blank_start]right[blank_end] hemisphere gives conflicting demands (increased activity with perceptual tasks, modulates speech, allows for making inferences, organizes self-awareness).
Answer
  • left
  • right

Question 27

Question
Memory is the persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 28

Question
What is the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system?
Answer
  • sensory memory
  • short term memory
  • long term memory

Question 29

Question
What is the activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while calling, before the information is stored or forgotten?
Answer
  • sensory memory
  • short term memory
  • long term memory

Question 30

Question
What is the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system; which includes knowledge, skills, and experiences?
Answer
  • sensory memory
  • short term memory
  • long term memory

Question 31

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The two types of sensory memory are [blank_start]iconic[blank_end]--picture image memory of visual stimuli lasting no more than a tenth of a second; and [blank_start]echoic[blank_end]--sound memory of auditory stimuli that can be recalled for 3 - 4 seconds.
Answer
  • iconic
  • echoic

Question 32

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What is the process of getting information into the memory system?
Answer
  • Storage
  • Retrieval
  • Encoding

Question 33

Question
What is the process of retaining encoded information over time?
Answer
  • Storage
  • Retrieval
  • Encoding

Question 34

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What is the process of getting information out of memory storage?
Answer
  • Storage
  • Retrieval
  • Encoding

Question 35

Question
What is automatic processing? What part of the brain processes it?
Answer
  • It includes implicit memories (space, time, frequency, motor, and cognitive skills). Processed in the cerebellum and basal ganglia.
  • It includes explicit memories (semantic memory--facts and general knowledge; episodic memory--personally experienced events). Processed in the hippocampus and frontal lobes.

Question 36

Question
What is effortful processing? What part of the brain processes it?
Answer
  • It includes implicit memories (space, time, frequency, motor, and cognitive skills). Processed in the cerebellum and basal ganglia.
  • It includes explicit memories (semantic memory--facts and general knowledge; episodic memory--personally experienced events). Processed in the hippocampus and frontal lobes.

Question 37

Question
Using the SQ3R method is a good way to enhance your memory.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 38

Question
[blank_start]Anterograde[blank_end] amnesia is the inability to form new memories. [blank_start]Retrograde[blank_end] amnesia is the inability to retrieve information from one's past.
Answer
  • Anterograde
  • Retrograde

Question 39

Question
Filtering, altering, losing memory (encoding failure, storage decay, retrieval failure, retroactive interference, motivated forgetting, memory construction errors, misinformation, and imagination effects) ONLY happen to older people.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 40

Question
What is declarative memory? How is it encoded, and what part of the brain is it associated with?
Answer
  • It is implicit memory, retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection. Encoded through automatic processing, without our awareness. Associated with the basal ganglia and the cerebellum.
  • It is explicit memory, memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously declare. Encoded through effortful processing. Associated with the frontal lobes and hippocampus.

Question 41

Question
What is nondeclarative memory? How is it encoded, and what part of the brain is it associated with?
Answer
  • It is explicit memory, memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously declare. Encoded through effortful processing. Associated with the frontal lobes and hippocampus.
  • It is implicit memory, retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection. Encoded through automatic processing, without our awareness. Associated with the basal ganglia and the cerebellum.
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