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Functional Neuroanatomy

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Functional Neuroanatomy
Dan Myles
Quiz by Dan Myles, updated more than 1 year ago
Dan Myles
Created by Dan Myles over 8 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
The name of the key cell in the brain that eventually gives rise to it's complexity and ability to regulate behaviour is the [blank_start]neuron[blank_end]
Answer
  • neuron

Question 2

Question
The neuron also has a supporting cast of cells, the [blank_start]glial[blank_end] cells
Answer
  • glial

Question 3

Question
The approximate number of neurons in the NEOCORTEX alone is
Answer
  • 10 billion
  • 100,000
  • 100 million
  • 200 million
  • 20 billion

Question 4

Question
Glial cells potentially play a role in facilitating neural transmission.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 5

Question
Brain cells responsible for nutritional and scavenger functions
Answer
  • Glial
  • Neurons
  • Mitochondria

Question 6

Question
Another major type of [blank_start]glial[blank_end] cells are oligodendroglia, which also form [blank_start]myelin[blank_end], the white fatty substance of [blank_start]axonal[blank_end] sheaths.
Answer
  • glial
  • myelin
  • axonal

Question 7

Question
There are more neurons in the brain than glial cells.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 8

Question
At the tips of an axon are [blank_start]synaptic vesicles[blank_end] that produce and house neurotransmitters.
Answer
  • synaptic vesicles

Question 9

Question
[blank_start]Long term potentiation[blank_end] - an increase in the excitability of a neuron to a particular synaptic input caused by high-frequency activity of that input.
Answer
  • Long term potentiation

Question 10

Question
Programmed cell death is called [blank_start]apoptosis[blank_end].
Answer
  • apoptosis

Question 11

Question
The hindbrain ([blank_start]pons[blank_end], [blank_start]medulla[blank_end] and [blank_start]cerebellum[blank_end]), the midbrain, and the forebrain (divided into the telencephalon and [blank_start]diencephalon[blank_end])
Answer
  • pons
  • medulla
  • cerebellum
  • diencephalon

Question 12

Question
Division of the brain shown here are are [blank_start]axial[blank_end], [blank_start]sagittal[blank_end] and [blank_start]coronal[blank_end] respectively
Image:
8588a92c-5cd2-4205-b1db-6795a7d30695 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • axial
  • coronal
  • sagittal

Question 13

Question
Within the brain are four fluid filled chambers, or [blank_start]ventricles[blank_end], through which [blank_start]cerebrospinal[blank_end] fluid flows.
Answer
  • ventricles
  • cerebrospinal

Question 14

Question
Cerebrospinal fluid also flows through the [blank_start]subarachnoid[blank_end] space
Answer
  • subarachnoid

Question 15

Question
The amygdala is located in front of the tip of the [blank_start]temporal[blank_end] horn of the lateral ventricle and the [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end] is located along the floor of the temporal horn
Answer
  • temporal
  • hippocampus

Question 16

Question
Cerebrospinal fluid in produced within the [blank_start]choroid plexi[blank_end]
Answer
  • choroid plexi

Question 17

Question
In disorders that involve brain degeneration the ventricle enlarge in size to fill the void
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 18

Question
How blood flow responds to the brain as is engages a particular function is the basis of [blank_start]fMRI[blank_end]
Answer
  • fMRI

Question 19

Question
The [blank_start]medulla oblongata[blank_end] is the lowest section of the brainstem.
Answer
  • medulla oblongata

Question 20

Question
The hindbrain is the sight which (select ALL correct) functions.
Answer
  • heartbeat
  • respiratory function
  • control of blood pressure
  • visuospatial skills

Question 21

Question
Running through the centre of the brainstem and up towards the forebrain structures from the spinal cord is the [blank_start]reticular[blank_end] formation. Lesions to this structure are often related to sleep disturbance, coma and alertness.
Answer
  • reticular

Question 22

Question
Name each brain region
Image:
b02fb533-38c9-4444-969b-a12dd7211e36 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • pons
  • Cerebellum
  • medulla oblongata

Question 23

Question
The cerebellum (also) has a number of NON-motor functions, and cerebellar lesions are known to affect abstract reasoning, verbal fluency, attention, speed of information processing and emotional modulation.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 24

Question
The substantia nigra is located within the
Answer
  • forebrain
  • hindbrain
  • midbrain
  • temporal lobe

Question 25

Question
Label each brain section
Image:
433b9164-93cb-4327-b594-71fe13670b7c (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Thalamus
  • pons
  • temporal lobe

Question 26

Question
Sensory nuclei in the [blank_start]thalamus[blank_end] serve as the major relay and processing centres for all senses except smell and project to the primary sensory cortices.
Answer
  • thalamus

Question 27

Question
Korsakoff's syndrome can involve which of the following symptoms
Answer
  • anterograde amnesia alone
  • retrograde amnesia alone
  • both retrograde and anterograde amnesia
  • Korsakoff's syndrome does typically not involve memory loss

Question 28

Question
The hypothalamus is located [blank_start]below[blank_end] the thalamus
Answer
  • below
  • above
  • beside

Question 29

Question
Label each section
Image:
04b1a728-41c2-49d4-a6c4-5b5349884c2e (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • putamen
  • Caudate nucleus
  • lateral ventrical
  • nucleus accumbens
  • nucleus accumbens
  • caudate nucleus
  • lateral ventricle
  • putamen
  • posterior horn of the lateral ventricle
  • inferior horn of the lateral ventricle
  • caudate nucleus
  • globus pallidus
  • caudate nucleus
  • putamen
  • anterior horn of the lateral ventricle
  • internal capsule
  • internal capusal
  • putamen
  • third ventricle
  • thalamus

Question 30

Question
Damage to the basal ganglia can result in (choose best)
Answer
  • paralysis
  • motor function disturbance
  • language disorder

Question 31

Question
The term neostriatum refers to which cluster of nuclei? (choose all correct)
Answer
  • putamen
  • caudate nucleus
  • the grey matter bands (striations) connecting the caudate to the putamen
  • hippocampus
  • cerebellum

Question 32

Question
The limbic system includes the
Answer
  • hippocampus
  • cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus
  • amygdala
  • cerebellum
  • fornix

Question 33

Question
The cingulate gyrus is located (choose ALL correct)
Answer
  • within the medial aspects of the cortex
  • superior to the corpus collosum
  • Inferior to the corpus collosum
  • posterior to the central sulcus

Question 34

Question
[blank_start]Commissural[blank_end] fibers connect between hemispheres, whereas [blank_start]association[blank_end] fibers involve connections within a hemisphere
Answer
  • Commissural
  • Association
  • association
  • commissural

Question 35

Question
The [blank_start]corpus callosum[blank_end] is the big band of commissural fibers connecting the two hemispheres
Answer
  • corpus callosum

Question 36

Question
The lateral plane refers to the [blank_start]left[blank_end] and [blank_start]right[blank_end] sides of the brain, on either side of the [blank_start]longitudinal[blank_end] fissure.
Answer
  • left
  • right
  • longitudinal

Question 37

Question
The anterior and posterior sections of the brain are separated by the [blank_start]central[blank_end] sulcus
Answer
  • central

Question 38

Question
[blank_start]Hemiplegia[blank_end] refers to paralysis on one side of the body
Answer
  • Hemiplegia
  • Paraplegia
  • Semiplegia
  • Demiplegia

Question 39

Question
All auditory fibers project to the collateral primary auditory cortex.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 40

Question
A point to point relationship between sense receptors and cortical cells is laid out on the primary auditory cortex, with cortical representation arranged according to [blank_start]pitch[blank_end].
Answer
  • pitch
  • volume
  • noise
  • amplitude

Question 41

Question
Within the visual system, a [blank_start]ventral[blank_end] what system is specialized for object recognition and a [blank_start]dorsal[blank_end] where system is specialized for spatial and movement percetiion.
Answer
  • ventral
  • dorsal
  • ventral
  • dorsal

Question 42

Question
Areas of the cortex involved in motor and sensory function can be loosely divided into three key groups, primary, secondary and tertiary areas. Primary areas involve the initial vague representation of the action or sense, which in turn are elaborated in secondary areas before being integrated holistically with other movements or senses in tertiary areas.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 43

Question
A lesion to an association area would typically not result in specific sensory or motor deficits. Rather, the behavioral difficulties would more likely appear as various higher order deficits involving the integration, recognition and fine tuning of primary information.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 44

Question
The [blank_start]left[blank_end] side of the brain is more specialized in language and for processing verbally coded information.
Answer
  • left
  • right

Question 45

Question
The [blank_start]right[blank_end] side of the brain typically processes nonverbal information such as complex visual patterns or auditory signals that are not coded for in verbal form.
Answer
  • right
  • left

Question 46

Question
the [blank_start]right[blank_end] hemisphere contributes to appreciation of the context (body language, irony) of verbal information and thereby, to the accuracy and appropriateness of language usage.
Answer
  • right
  • left

Question 47

Question
In keeping with the principles of hemispheric specialisation the most obvious cognitive deficit with [blank_start]left[blank_end] hemisphere damage is aphasia.
Answer
  • left
  • right

Question 48

Question
Holistic, Synthesising, Pictorial and Intuitive. These features are generally characteristic of which brain hemisphere?
Answer
  • Left
  • Right

Question 49

Question
The left-right dichotomies in hemispheric lateralization should be taken as useful concepts and not iron-clad facts. Normal healthy behaviour is a function of the whole brain working together, with important contributions from both hemispheres entering into virtually every activity.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 50

Question
[blank_start]Dysarthria[blank_end] is a condition in which problems effectively occur with the muscles that help produce speech, often making it very difficult to pronounce words. It is unrelated to any problem with understanding cognitive language.
Answer
  • Dysarthria
  • Aphasia

Question 51

Question
A patient who has had lesions exclusively in one hemisphere and appears to have difficulties making sense out of complex stimuli, and difficulties in comprehending speech intonation (prosody). The same patient may also experiences the following deficits (choose the most likely answer):
Answer
  • Impaired verbal memory, loss of basic mathematical concepts and difficulties with verbal fluency.
  • Inattention in the left visual field, copying of visual designs and loss of spatial orientation even in familiar surroundings.

Question 52

Question
Patients with right hemisphere lesions: (choose the best)
Answer
  • Typically have an impaired appreciation of emotionally charged stimuli due to a fundamental deficit in emotional processing.
  • Are more emotional because left sided regions responsible for the modulation of emotion are no longer inhibited by right sided regions
  • Typically have an impaired appreciation of emotionally charged stimuli. However it is not clear whether this is a fundamental deficit, or that is could be that emotional experience would not be impaired if the patient could properly apprehend emotional stimuli (such as emotive facial expression or tone of voice).

Question 53

Question
Patients with [blank_start]left[blank_end] sided lesions tend to be overly sensitive to their disabilities. However many patients ultimately compensate for them well enough to make a satisfactory adaptation to their disabilities.
Answer
  • left
  • right

Question 54

Question
Patients whose injuries involve [blank_start]right[blank_end] sided lesions are less likely to be dissatisfied with themselves or their disabilities and are less likely to be aware of their mistakes. Consequently, those patients with such reduced insights tend to make [blank_start]poorer[blank_end] adjustments to their circumstances.
Answer
  • right
  • left
  • poorer
  • better

Question 55

Question
[blank_start]Left[blank_end] hemisphere damaged patients tend depression as result of the ability to conceive of their deficits, and thus is directly reactive to the injury and more prevalent during the [blank_start]acute[blank_end] phases of recovery.
Answer
  • Left
  • Right
  • acute
  • long term

Question 56

Question
In patients with [blank_start]right[blank_end] hemisphere damage, depression is often due to the secondary consequences brought on by a lack of self awareness or insight. As such these patients tend to set unrealistic goals and may be unpleasant socially, leading to isolation from friends and family. Thus depression is more likely to develop slowly as a reaction to these secondary consequences.
Answer
  • right
  • left

Question 57

Question
A clinician can accurately make diagnoses about the lateralisation of injury based on patient behaviour alone.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 58

Question
Which of the following best describes the lateral characteristics of a healthy brain:
Answer
  • The healthy brain is markedly lateralized such that holistic, nonverbal and intuitive thinking is predominantly mediated by the right hemisphere.
  • The healthy brain is markedly lateralized such that holistic, nonverbal and intuitive thinking is predominantly mediated by the left hemisphere.
  • Conscious activity is typically a unified and coherent bilateral process that spans both hemispheres through the commissural tracts.
  • Conscious activity is typically a unified and coherent bilateral process that spans both hemispheres through the association tracts.

Question 59

Question
Very few tasks rely exclusively on a single hemisphere
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 60

Question
Superior memorization tends to occur when: (choose the BEST answer)
Answer
  • Information is encoded using a linguistic representation
  • Information is encoded using a non-verbal representation
  • Information is encoded using simultaneous verbal and non-verbal representations

Question 61

Question
The external surface of the cerebral cortex is wrinkled into a complex of ridges called [blank_start]gyri[blank_end], and fissures called [blank_start]sulci[blank_end]
Answer
  • gyri
  • sulci
  • gyri
  • sulci

Question 62

Question
The [blank_start]central sulcus[blank_end] divides the cerebral hemisphere into anterior and posterior regions.
Answer
  • central sulcus
  • central gyrus
  • medial sulcus
  • lateral sulcus

Question 63

Question
Immediately in front of the central sulcus lies the [blank_start]precentral[blank_end] gyrus which contains much of the primary [blank_start]motor[blank_end] area.
Answer
  • precentral
  • postcentral
  • motor
  • sensory
  • visual
  • auditory

Question 64

Question
The bulk of the primary somatosensory area is located in the [blank_start]gyrus[blank_end] just behind the central [blank_start]sulcus[blank_end] called the [blank_start]postcentral gyrus[blank_end].
Answer
  • gyrus
  • sulcus
  • sulcus
  • gyrus
  • postcentral gyrus
  • postcentral sulcus
  • precentral gyrus
  • precentral sulcus

Question 65

Question
Anatomical areas of the cortex are largely defined according to:
Answer
  • physical characteristics, appearance and location.
  • function, and connectivity

Question 66

Question
In general the anterior regions of the cortex tend to be dedicated input systems, dealing largely with sensation and perception.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 67

Question
The primary auditory cortex is located:
Answer
  • Along the upper most edge of the temporal lobe, below the somatosensory area.
  • In the parietal lobe, immediately anterior to the somatosensory area
  • In the anterior temporal lobe, immediately ventral to Broca's area.
  • Above the lateral sulcus, immediately below the somatosensory area.

Question 68

Question
Lesions to the primary visual cortex
Answer
  • can result in discrete blind spots in corresponding parts of the visual field.
  • usually result in total blindness
  • most commonly result in difficulties recognizing objects or describing their location in space

Question 69

Question
Hemianopia is
Answer
  • reduced vision or blindness over one side of the visual field
  • multiple blind spots across both sides of the visual field
  • total cortical blindness

Question 70

Question
[blank_start]Agnosia[blank_end] is the inability to process sensory information.
Answer
  • Agnosia
  • Aphasia
  • Anopsia

Question 71

Question
[blank_start]Anopsia[blank_end] refers to any defect in the visual field
Answer
  • Anopsia
  • Agnosia
  • Aphasia

Question 72

Question
Visual [blank_start]agnosia[blank_end] is an impairment in recognition of visually presented objects. It is not due to a deficit in vision (acuity, visual field, and scanning), language, memory, or low intellect
Answer
  • agnosia
  • anopia
  • aphasia

Question 73

Question
Visual agnosia may be related to damage to which areas of the cortex? (choose all correct)
Answer
  • Fusiform gyrus
  • Parietal lobe
  • Visual association areas
  • Frontal lobe

Question 74

Question
[blank_start]Prosopagnosia[blank_end] refers to an inability to recognize faces
Answer
  • Prosopagnosia
  • Prosopaphasia
  • Prosopanopsia

Question 75

Question
[blank_start]Associative[blank_end] agnosia refers to a failure of recognition due to defective retrieval of knowledge pertinent to a given stimulus. The problem is due to faulty sensory-specific memory; the patient is unable to recognize the object despite being able to perceive it normally. [blank_start]Apperceptive[blank_end] agnosia refers to a defective integration of otherwise normally perceived components of a stimulus. The problem is more a failure of perception; these patients fail to recognize a stimulus because they cannot integrate the perceptual elements of the stimulus. The distinction involves whether the disturbance is primarily a failure of memory, or of perception.
Answer
  • Associative
  • Apperceptive
  • Apperceptive
  • Associative

Question 76

Question
[blank_start]Associative[blank_end] visual agnosia is strongly associated with bilateral damage to higher order association cortices in the ventral and medial occipitotemporal areas, whereas [blank_start]apperceptive[blank_end] visual agnosia is more closely associated with damage to earlier, more primary visual cortices.
Answer
  • Associative
  • Apperceptive
  • apperceptive
  • associative

Question 77

Question
If a patient has trouble naming an object that they are capable of perceiving, but are able to recall its meaning (function, features, characteristics) it is MOST likely that they have associative visual agnosia.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 78

Question
Simultanagnosia involves the inability to perceive more than one object or point in space at a time.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 79

Question
Anomia involves a difficulty in retrieving [blank_start]names[blank_end]
Answer
  • names
  • meaning
  • spatial information
  • numeric information

Question 80

Question
[blank_start]Pure alexia[blank_end] is a reading problem that stems from defects in visual recognition, organization and scanning rather than from defective comprehension of written material.
Answer
  • Pure alexia
  • Dyslexia
  • Anomia
  • Acalculia

Question 81

Question
The two-streams hypothesis argues that humans possess two distinct visual systems. As visual information exits the occipital lobe, it follows two main pathways, or "streams". The [blank_start]ventral[blank_end] stream (also known as the "[blank_start]what[blank_end] pathway") travels to the temporal lobe and is involved with object identification and recognition. The [blank_start]dorsal[blank_end] stream (or, "[blank_start]where[blank_end] pathway") terminates in the parietal lobe and is involved with processing [blank_start]object spatial location and position.[blank_end]
Answer
  • object spatial location and position.
  • object identification and recognition.
  • object naming.
  • facial recognition
  • where
  • what
  • who
  • how
  • dorsal
  • ventral
  • medial
  • lateral
  • what
  • where
  • who
  • how
  • ventral
  • dorsal
  • medial
  • lateral

Question 82

Question
The parietal-temporo-occipital (PTO) association area is primarily involved in:
Answer
  • integration of sensory and perceptual information
  • higher visual function alone
  • higher auditory function alone
  • somatosensory input

Question 83

Question
Patients with lesions in their PTO frequently demonstrate construction difficulties. Such as the ability to construct two or three dimensional objects from one or two dimensional units. [blank_start]Left[blank_end] sided lesions are apt to disrupt the programming or ordering of movements necessary for constructional activity. On the other hand, patients with [blank_start]right[blank_end] sided lesions tend to demonstrate difficulties with spatial imagery or the understanding of spatial relationships, in particularly these patients have difficulties with diagonality in a design.
Answer
  • Left
  • Right
  • right
  • left

Question 84

Question
Although lesions to either hemisphere may conduct visuospatial construction. It is likely that lesions to the [blank_start]right hemisphere[blank_end] is probably more likely to produce visuoconstruction defects than an equal contralateral lesion.
Answer
  • right hemisphere
  • left hemisphere
  • frontal lobe
  • hippocampus

Question 85

Question
Laterality effects also occur in the perception of auditory stimuli such that left [blank_start]temporal[blank_end] lobe damage impairs [blank_start]temporal processing (sound duration)[blank_end], whereas right [blank_start]temporal[blank_end] damage impairs [blank_start]spectral processing (pitch, harmony).[blank_end]
Answer
  • temporal processing (sound duration)
  • spectral processing (pitch, harmony)
  • spectral processing (pitch, harmony).
  • temporal processing (sound duration)
  • temporal
  • occipital
  • frontal
  • temporal
  • ocipital
  • frontal

Question 86

Question
[blank_start]Apraxia[blank_end] is a disorder of motor coordination and planning, whereas [blank_start]Agnosia[blank_end] refers to a deficit in processing sensory information.
Answer
  • Apraxia
  • Agnosia
  • Aphasia
  • Agnosia
  • Apraxia
  • Aphasia

Question 87

Question
parietal lobe damage significantly slows the disengagement of attention, with the greatest slowing occurring when the lesion is on the right.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 88

Question
name this subsection of the parietal lobe
Image:
1c0c0fac-ee8f-4010-944e-cfa6cebc75cc (image/png)
Answer
  • inferior parietal lobule
  • posterior parietal gyrus
  • ventral parietal lubule
  • centroparietal area

Question 89

Question
Lesions to the inferior parietal lobule are typically related to deficits in [blank_start]short term[blank_end] memory.
Answer
  • short- term (or working)
  • long term
  • autobiographical
  • proceedural

Question 90

Question
Name these areas of the cortex
Image:
431623ba-e472-4b87-b2a0-75f2edd9dc76 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Cingulate gyrus
  • corpus callosum
  • pons
  • fornix

Question 91

Question
The inferior parietal lobule is composed of the [blank_start]supramarginal gyrus[blank_end] and the [blank_start]angular gyrus[blank_end]. Wernicke's area is located ventrally to the [blank_start]supramarginal gyrus[blank_end] and immediately caudal to the [blank_start]primary auditory cortex[blank_end].
Answer
  • primary auditory cortex
  • supramarginal gyrus
  • angular gyrus
  • supramarginal gyrus
  • angular gyrus
  • primary auditory area
  • supramarginal gyrus
  • Wernicke's area
  • primary auditory area
  • angular gyrus
  • Broca's area
  • temporal lobe

Question 92

Question
Label the diagram
Image:
76660c7c-8b6f-497f-b34f-76770f93e318 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • anterior cerebral artery
  • potine branches
  • basilar artery
  • posterior communicating artery
  • middle cerebral artery
  • internal carotid artery
  • anterior communicating artery
  • posterior cerebral artery
  • vertebral artery

Question 93

Question
Which arteries supply each of the regions below? (hint: include the word artery)
Image:
61146b0a-670b-4841-8154-165c4a260d57 (image/png)
Answer
  • middle cerebral artery
  • anterior cerebral artery
  • posterior cerebral artery

Question 94

Question
Which of the following best represents the relationship between language and mathematics in functional neuroanatomy:
Answer
  • Language and mathematics ability appear to be related to the left temporal lobe, and thus are always observed concurrently.
  • Language and mathematics occupy equal but contral lateral portions of the left and right temporal lobes respectively.
  • Language and mathematics deficits often accompany one another, however some patients will develop one or the other separately.

Question 95

Question
Neglect is more common on the [blank_start]left[blank_end] side of personal and extrapersonal space.
Answer
  • left
  • right

Question 96

Question
An unawareness to one side of personal and extrapersonal space is known as [blank_start]neglect[blank_end]
Answer
  • neglect

Question 97

Question
the [blank_start]right[blank_end] temporoparietal cortex is most usually associated with a chronic left sided-inattention known as [blank_start]neglect[blank_end]
Answer
  • right
  • neglect

Question 98

Question
Severe hemispatial inattention is very much a "[blank_start]right[blank_end] hemisphere phenomenon" just as aphasia is a "[blank_start]left[blank_end] sided phenomenon"
Answer
  • right
  • left
  • left
  • right

Question 99

Question
Inattention (neglect) is only diagnosed when all five sensory modalities are affected
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 100

Question
Neglect is most closely associated with which of the following cortical areas
Answer
  • left temporal lobe
  • right dlPFC
  • right parietal lobe
  • left occipital lobe

Question 101

Question
Deficits with visuospatial construction, left side attention, or organization of discrete features into a whole are consistent with which brain area. (choose BEST option)
Answer
  • right parietal lobe
  • right ocipital lobe
  • left temporal
  • amygdala

Question 102

Question
Patients with "cortical deafness" can often retain near normal sensory hearing capacity.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 103

Question
[blank_start]Pure word deafness[blank_end], which occurs mostly with [blank_start]left temporal[blank_end] lesions, is an inability to comprehend spoken words despite intact hearing, speech production, reading ability and recognition of non-linguistic sounds.
Answer
  • Pure word deafness
  • Dyslexia
  • Alexia
  • Agraphia
  • left temporal
  • right temporal
  • right parietal
  • left occipital

Question 104

Question
[blank_start]Auditory agnosia[blank_end] may refer to an inability to recognize auditorily presented environmental sounds. When confined to nonspeech sounds (e.g telephone ringing) it is most frequently associated with right sided [blank_start]posterior temporal[blank_end] lesions.
Answer
  • posterior temporal
  • mediofrontal
  • occipital
  • thalamatic
  • Auditory agnosia
  • Pure word deafness
  • Auditory aphasia
  • Auditory acalculia

Question 105

Question
[blank_start]Wernicke's aphasia[blank_end] patients may speak in fluent and syntactically correct sentences that has no semantic meaning. This condition is most commonly associated with [blank_start]left temporal[blank_end] damage.
Answer
  • Wernicke's aphasia
  • Broca's aphasia
  • Richards aphasia
  • Anomic
  • left temporal
  • right temporal
  • right frontal
  • left parietal

Question 106

Question
[blank_start]Anomia[blank_end] is a disorder related to the retrieval of words which may disrupt fluent speech.
Answer
  • Anomia

Question 107

Question
right temporal lesions are rarely associated with language deficits, however difficulties naming and recognizing [blank_start]facial expressions[blank_end] have been reported.
Answer
  • facial expressions
  • tools
  • animals

Question 108

Question
Relative cortical specializations relating to type for different categories of common nouns have been identified. For example some regions have been associated with animal names, whereas others have been associated with the names of tools.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 109

Question
Damage to the right temporal lobe may result in which of the following symptoms? Choose ALL correct
Answer
  • Deficits in spatial, non-verbal and abstract reasoning.
  • Amusia
  • Wernicke's aphasia
  • Anomic aphasia

Question 110

Question
A primary function of the [blank_start]temporal lobes[blank_end] is memory
Answer
  • temporal lobes
  • occipital lobes
  • brain stem
  • central sulcus

Question 111

Question
The [blank_start]medial[blank_end] temporal lobe contains several structures critical for memory including the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus.
Answer
  • medial
  • ventral
  • caudal
  • lateral

Question 112

Question
Damage to the [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end] and adjacent areas of the temporal lobe is responsible for the memory impairment that emerges in early Alzheimer's disease.
Answer
  • hippocampus
  • amygdala
  • putamen
  • internal capsule

Question 113

Question
emotional disturbances are associated with lesions involving the hippocampus as well as the [blank_start]amygdala[blank_end] and the [blank_start]uncus[blank_end].
Answer
  • amygdala
  • optic chiasm
  • medulla oblongata
  • uncus
  • olfactory bulb
  • corpus callosum

Question 114

Question
Many patients with focal damage to the [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end] can still recognize single faces, words, objects etc as well as cognitively intact persons. Memory requiring relationships between single stimuli requires the [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end]. This division of labor explains the severity of memory disorder resulting from these lesions. Even when amnesic patients retain some new learning ability, this new information lack superordinate organizing context.
Answer
  • hippocampus
  • hippocampus

Question 115

Question
Which type of memory is the hippocampus MOST CLOSELY associated with
Answer
  • Older autobiographical memories
  • Recently aqcuired declarative information
  • Old declariative memories
  • Recently aquired procedural memory

Question 116

Question
Which is true of older memories:
Answer
  • Whilst the hippocampus probably plays a role in the recollection of old memories. Old memories are most likely largely distributed throughout the cerebral cortex, and do not rely on the hippocampus in the same way as newly acquired information.
  • Old (declarative) memories are primarily stored in the hippocampus.
  • Whilst the hippocampus probably plays a role in the recollection of old memories. Old memories are most likely largely stored in the basal ganglia, and do not rely on the hippocampus in the same way as newly acquired information.

Question 117

Question
Damage to the left hippocampus would mostly like disturb the learning of what type of information?
Answer
  • Learning information such as names, new words and verbal facts.
  • Learning informations such as new faces, geographical routes and musical melodies.

Question 118

Question
In a famous study, London cab drivers showed an enlargement of certain brain area after acquiring "the knowledge". Considering what you know which region of the brain was likely enlarged.
Answer
  • Right hippocampus
  • Left hippocampus
  • Corpus callosum
  • Anterior horn of the lateral ventricle

Question 119

Question
The hippocampus is not involved in learning non-declarative information such as motor skills.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 120

Question
The medial temporal lobes are not involved in working memory, nor are they involved in maintaining or processing information over very short intervals.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 121

Question
Retrieval of information involving a single sensory modality appears to be most strongly associated with the associated cortex adjacent to the primary sense area. For example, retrieval of visual information is impaired by lesions of the visual association cortex of the occipital lobe.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 122

Question
The [blank_start]amygdala[blank_end] is involved in processing emotional stimuli from all major sensory modalities.
Answer
  • amygdala
  • pons

Question 123

Question
Lesions to the [blank_start]premotor division[blank_end] of the frontal lobe do not result in loss of the ability to move, but rather disrupt the integration of the motor components of complex acts, producing discontinuous, uncoordinated or impaired motor skills.
Answer
  • premotor division
  • primary motor cortex
  • prefrontal portion

Question 124

Question
Language deficit following damage to the left premotor area most likely do no involve comprehension but rather the ability to organise and produce speech sounds. This is known as oral [blank_start]apraxia[blank_end].
Answer
  • apraxia

Question 125

Question
Damage to Broca's area results in
Answer
  • expressive aphasia
  • fluent aphasia

Question 126

Question
Lesions to the area of the right hemisphere, in the equivalent but contralateral to Broca's area may result in flat monotonic speech and difficulties with involving fluent prosody.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 127

Question
The [blank_start]prefrontal[blank_end] lobes are where already correlated incoming information from all sources, external and internal, conscious and unconscious, memory storage and visceral arousal centres is integrated and enters ongoing activity
Answer
  • prefrontal
  • temporal
  • primary motor
  • parietal

Question 128

Question
The [blank_start]ventromedial[blank_end] prefrontal cortex plays a key role in impulse control and in regulation and maintenance of set and ongoing behaviour.
Answer
  • ventromedial
  • dorsolateral
  • parietal
  • superior medial

Question 129

Question
Behavioural problems with starting, stopping or switching tasks, deficits in self awareness, and a concrete attitude are associated with damage to which major area of the brain?
Answer
  • Amygdala
  • Parietal Lobe
  • Prefrontal cortex
  • Limbic system
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