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Chapter 15

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biochem
Amy Arce
Quiz by Amy Arce, updated more than 1 year ago
Amy Arce
Created by Amy Arce over 8 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
The reactions of energy extraction and energy use are called
Answer
  • metabolism or intermediary metabolism
  • metabolism or secondary metabolism
  • metabolism or globulary metabolism

Question 2

Question
Basic principles govern energy manipulations in all cells
Answer
  • Molecules are degraded or synthesized stepwise in a series of reactions termed metabolic pathways.
  • ATP is the energy currency of life.
  • ATP can be formed by the reduction of carbon fuels.
  • Although many reactions occur inside a cell, there are a limited number of reaction types involving particular intermediates that are common to all metabolic pathways.
  • Metabolic pathways are highly regulated
  • Energy is required to power muscle contraction and cell movement, active transport, and biosynthesis.
  • Metabolism consists of energy yielding and energy requiring reaction

Question 3

Question
Phototrops obtain energy by
Answer
  • capturing sunlight
  • the oxidation of carbon fuels
  • the reduction of carbon fuels

Question 4

Question
Chemotrophs obtain energy through
Answer
  • capturing sunlight
  • oxidation of carbon fuels
  • reduction of carbon fuels

Question 5

Question
Metabolic pathways can be divided into 3 types
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 6

Question
Catabolic pathways
Answer
  • combust carbon fuels to synthesize ATP
  • use ATP and reducing power to synthesize large biomolecules.

Question 7

Question
Anabolic pathways use
Answer
  • ATP and reducing power to synthesize large biomolecules.
  • carbon fuels to synthesize ATP

Question 8

Question
Some pathways, called [blank_start]amphibolic[blank_end] pathways, can function anabolically or catabolically.
Answer
  • amphibolic
  • amphillic

Question 9

Question
Although anabolic and catabolic pathways may have reactions in common, the regulated, irreversible reactions are always distinct.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
Glucose is metabolized to pyruvate in 10 linked reactions. Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is
Answer
  • is metabolized to lactate and, under aerobic conditions, to acetyl CoA.
  • is metabolized to lactate and, under aerobic conditions, to acetyl Cox.

Question 11

Question
The glucose-derived carbons of acetyl CoA are subsequently [blank_start]oxidized[blank_end] to CO2.
Answer
  • oxidized
  • reduced

Question 12

Question
Energy derived from fuels or light is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cellular energy currency.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 13

Question
ATP hydrolysis is
Answer
  • exergonic because the triphosphate unit contains two phosphoanhydride bonds that are unstable
  • endergonic because the triphosphate unit contains two phosphoanhydride bonds that are unstable
  • is used to power a host of cellular functions.
  • Enzymes can catalyze the transfer of a terminal phosphoryl group from one nucleotide to another

Question 14

Question
[blank_start]Phosphoryl[blank_end] Transfer potential is an important form of cellular energy transformation
Answer
  • Phosphoryl
  • Phosphatase

Question 15

Question
ATP has a [blank_start]phosphoryl-transfer[blank_end] potential intermediate between high phosphoryl- potential compounds derived from fuel molecules and acceptor molecules that require the addition of a phosphoryl group for cellular needs.
Answer
  • phosphoryl-transfer
  • acceptor molecules
  • phosphoryl group

Question 16

Question
What phosphate serves as an energy reserve in vertebrate muscle
Answer
  • Creatine
  • ATP
  • ADP

Question 17

Question
ATP must never be recycled to provide energy to power the cell
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 18

Question
Oxidation reactions involve [blank_start]loss[blank_end] of electrons
Answer
  • loss

Question 19

Question
Oxidation reactions involve loss of electrons. Such reactions must be coupled with reactions that gain electrons. The paired reactions are called
Answer
  • oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions.
  • deoxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions

Question 20

Question
The carbon atoms in fuels are oxidized to yield [blank_start]CO2[blank_end], and the electrons are ultimately accepted by oxygen to form [blank_start]H2O[blank_end].
Answer
  • CO2
  • H2O
  • H2O
  • CO2

Question 21

Question
The more reduced a carbon atom is, the more free energy is released upon oxidation.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 22

Question
Fats are a less efficient food source than glucose because fats are more reduced.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 23

Question
Compounds with high [blank_start]phosphoryl[blank_end] transfer potential can couple carbon [blank_start]oxidation[blank_end] to ATP synthesis
Answer
  • oxidation
  • reduction
  • phosphoryl
  • phosphtase

Question 24

Question
The essence of catabolism is capturing the energy of carbon oxidation as ATP.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 25

Question
Reduction of the carbon atom may form a compound with low phosphoryl-transfer potential that can then be used to synthesize ADP.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 26

Question
Ion gradients across membranes provide an important form of cellular energy that can be coupled to ATP synthesis
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 27

Question
Ion gradients can couple endergonic reactions with exergonic reactions.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 28

Question
In animals, 90% of ATP is generated when
Answer
  • the energy of a proton gradient is coupled with ATP synthesis in the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
  • the energy of a proton gradient is coupled with ADP synthesis in the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
  • the energy of a proton gradient is coupled with ATP synthesis in the process of reductive phosphorylation.

Question 29

Question
The generation of energy from food occurs in three stages
Answer
  • Large molecules in food are broken down into smaller molecules in the process of digestion.
  • The many small molecules are processed into key molecules of metabolism, most notably acetyl CoA.
  • ATP is produced from the complete oxidation of the acetyl component of acetyl CoA.
  • None of the above

Question 30

Question
Activated carrier
Answer
  • ATP is an activated carrier of phosphoryl groups
  • Derived from vitamins
  • Derived from minerals
  • NADH/NAD+ and FADH2/FAD are activated carriers of electrons for fuel oxidation

Question 31

Question
2. Two characteristics are common to activated carriers:
Answer
  • The carriers are kinetically stable in the absence of specific catalysts.
  • The carriers are kinetically stable in the presence of specific catalysts.
  • The metabolism of activated groups is accomplished with a small number of carriers
  • The metabolism of activated groups is accomplished with a large number of carriers

Question 32

Question
Many Activated carriers are derived from vitamin, B vitamins function as coenzymes, what other vitamins play a roles but do not serve as conenzymes
Answer
  • Vitamins A, C, D, E, and K
  • Vitamins A, C, D, E,
  • Vitamins A, C, D

Question 33

Question
4. Key Reactions are reiterated throughout metabolism
Answer
  • oxidation reduction
  • ligation
  • isomeration
  • Group transfer
  • Hydroltic reaction

Question 34

Question
Reactions in which carbon bonds are cleaved by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation. In these reactions, two substrates yield one product or vice versa
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 35

Question
Metabolic processes are regulated in three principal ways
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 36

Question
Metabolic pathways must be regulated
Answer
  • create homeostasis or a stable biochemical environment.
  • allosterically or by covalent modification.

Question 37

Question
To maintain homeostasis, the levels of available nutrients must be constantly monitored and metabolism adjusted to meet the biochemical needs of the cell.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 38

Question
Homeostasis is maintained by three crucial regulatory strategies.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 39

Question
The quantity of enzyme present can be regulated at the level of gene transcription.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 40

Question
Catalytic activity
Answer
  • is regulated allosterically or by covalent modification
  • Hormones coordinate metabolic activity, often by instigating the covalent modification of allosteric enzymes.
  • Hormones coordinate metabolic activity, often by instigating the covalent modification of steric enzymes.

Question 41

Question
The energy status of the cell is often an important regulator of enzyme activity
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 42

Question
Two common means are used to assess energy status: [blank_start]energy charge[blank_end] and [blank_start]phosphorylation[blank_end] potential.
Answer
  • energy charge
  • available nutrients
  • phosphorylation
  • kinetic

Question 43

Question
Opposing reactions, such as fatty acid synthesis and degradation, may occur in different cellular compartments.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 44

Question
Controlling the flux of substrates between compartments is used to regulate metabolism.
Answer
  • True
  • False
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