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Orgins Final Review (HW1-HW7)

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Origins 037 final review of all homework questions. I didn't have a chance to type homework 8 in here. So that homework is excluded
Jade P
Quiz by Jade P, updated more than 1 year ago
Jade P
Created by Jade P over 8 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What is the Astronomical Unit (AU)?
Answer
  • It is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun.
  • b. It is the radius of the Solar System.
  • It is the average distance between two galaxies.
  • It is the distance between the Earth and the Moon.

Question 2

Question
Which of the following correctly gives the Earth's cosmic address?
Answer
  • Earth, Moon, Solar System, Local Group, Milky Way Galaxy, Local Super Cluster.
  • b. Earth, Solar System, Local Super Cluster, Local Group, Milky Way Galaxy.
  • Earth, Milky Way Galaxy, Local Group, Local Super Cluster, Solar System.
  • Earth, Solar System, Milky Way Galaxy, Local Group, Local Super Cluster.

Question 3

Question
Which one has the correct order in levels of biological organization from the smallest to the largest scales?
Answer
  • Atom, Molecule, Cell, Organ System, Organ, Organism.
  • Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population.
  • Community, Population, Organism, Organ, Tissue, Cell.
  • Molecule, Cell, Organ, Population, Ecosystem, Biosphere, Organism

Question 4

Question
What is the speed of light?
Answer
  • 300 (km/s)
  • 300,000 (km/s)
  • 300,000 (m/s)
  • 300 (m/s)

Question 5

Question
The color of light is determined by its:
Answer
  • Speed
  • Amplitude
  • Wavelength
  • brightness

Question 6

Question
Light from distant objects seems:
Answer
  • very dim because brightness decreases as the square of the distance from the source increases.
  • very bright because distant sources are brighter in nature.
  • very dim because photons lose energy as they travel.
  • very bright because brightness increases as the square of the distance from the source increases.

Question 7

Question
What happens to the brightness of a light source if we double its distance from us?
Answer
  • It will be doubled.
  • It will be halved
  • It looks 4 times fainter.
  • It looks 4 times brighter

Question 8

Question
The number of ___ in the nucleus of an atom determines what element a substance is.
Answer
  • Electrons
  • Protons
  • Photons
  • Neutrons

Question 9

Question
When an electron drops from a higher orbital to a lower one:
Answer
  • A photon with the same orbital energy difference is absorbed.
  • A photon with less orbital energy difference is absorbed.
  • A photon with less orbital energy difference is emitted
  • A photon with the same orbital energy difference is emitted.

Question 10

Question
The higher the frequency of an electromagnetic wave:
Answer
  • The longer the wavelength.
  • The higher the speed.
  • The shorter the wavelength.
  • The lower the speed.

Question 11

Question
Red light has a ___ frequency, ___ energy and ___ wavelength than blue light.
Answer
  • higher, higher, shorter
  • lower, lower, longer
  • higher, lower, shorter
  • lower, higher, longer

Question 12

Question
Which of the following is sorted in order of increasing energy?
Answer
  • Gamma ray, X-ray, UV, Visible, IR, Radio
  • Microwave, Radio, UV, Visible, X-ray, Gamma ray
  • Radio, Microwave, IR, Visible, UV, X-ray
  • Radio, UV, Microwave, Visible, X-ray, Gamma ray

Question 13

Question
Which physical quantity describes how fast atoms bounce around in an object?
Answer
  • Temperature
  • Volume
  • Mass
  • Density

Question 14

Question
A cloud of cool, low-density gas in front of a hot source of thermal radiation produces a/an:
Answer
  • Emission-line spectrum
  • Absorption-line spectrum
  • Continuous spectrum
  • Thermal radiation spectrum

Question 15

Question
All distant galaxies are moving away from us. What does this observational fact tell us about the light of far away galaxies?
Answer
  • The light gets blueshifted (The wavelength becomes shorter).
  • The light gets redshifted (The wavelength becomes longer).
  • There is no change in the wavelength of light.
  • Depending on the type of galaxy, it either gets redshifted or blueshifted.

Question 16

Question
The amount of energy radiated per second from each square meter of a thermal radiator strongly depends on...(Remember the Stephan-Boltzmann law)
Answer
  • Type of the object.
  • The mass and size of the object.
  • The temperature of the object.
  • The temperature and size of the object.

Question 17

Question
A piece of hot steel bar emits:
Answer
  • No radiation at all.
  • Emission-line radiation.
  • Absorption-line radiation.
  • Thermal (blackbody) radiation.

Question 18

Question
What happens when we cool off an object?
Answer
  • It starts to emit thermal radiation more strongly at longer wavelengths.
  • It starts to emit thermal radiation more strongly at shorter wavelengths.
  • It always stops emitting the.rmal radiation
  • Since its temperature drops, it starts to emit emission-line radiation.

Question 19

Question
According to Bohr's atomic model, what happens when an electron falls from an upper energy level to a lower energy level?
Answer
  • It absorbs some energy equivalent to the energy difference of levels.
  • It emits some energy in form of a photon with an energy equal to the energy difference of levels.
  • It always swaps its energy level with another electron in an upper energy level without absorbing or emitting any photons.
  • It emits a continuous spectrum of photons with a variety of energies.

Question 20

Question
The farther a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us. This was an observation made by:
Answer
  • Stefan-Boltzmann
  • Edwin Hubble
  • Albert Einstein
  • Heinrich Olbers

Question 21

Question
The cosmological principle states that:
Answer
  • We are the center of the Universe because all galaxies are moving away from us
  • We are not the center of the Milky Way because we our solar system is orbiting the central black hole.
  • We are not the center of the Universe because space is expanding in all directions, giving the appearance that we are at the center.
  • We are not the center of the Universe because space is expanding in all directions, giving the appearance that we are at the center. d.

Question 22

Question
What happens to light waves as it is traveling through empty space (no gas or dust in the way)?
Answer
  • It loses energy as time passes
  • It contracts since the space it is traveling in is shrinking
  • It stretches since the space it is traveling in is expanding
  • It continues to travel in empty space without incident

Question 23

Question
What is one main conclusion of Hubble’s Law?
Answer
  • The universe is not expanding and is in fact getting smaller.
  • . The universe is actually neither expanding nor shrinking.
  • Galaxies farther away from us are moving closer to us at higher velocities.
  • Galaxies farther away from us are moving away from us at higher velocities

Question 24

Question
If you take the inverse of Hubble’s constant, then what does that tell you about the universe?
Answer
  • Density
  • Age
  • Volume
  • Expansion Rate of Space

Question 25

Question
How did the Universe become transparent?
Answer
  • Electrons and ions cooled off and recombined to form atoms, allowing light to pass.
  • Electron and ions got hotter causing the atoms to never form, allowing light to pass.
  • Photons never allowed Hydrogen atoms to form as they continuously ionized them.
  • The universe is not transparent, but opaque. The light is constantly absorbed and never re-emitted.

Question 26

Question
What happens when anti-matter and matter interact with each other?
Answer
  • They pass through each other
  • They annihilate each other, resulting in the conversion of matter to energy.
  • They merge with each other to form a new particle.
  • They annihilate each other, resulting in the loss of energy

Question 27

Question
Which one of the following are the four fundamental forces in the universe?
Answer
  • Gravity, Electromagnetism, Strong, GUT
  • Gravity, Electroweak, Strong, Weak
  • Gravity, Electroweak, Small, Large
  • . Gravity, Electromagnetism, Strong, Weak

Question 28

Question
The theory of inflation says that:
Answer
  • Space underwent a rapid expansion in a very brief period in the early universe
  • Space underwent a rapid compression in a very brief period in the early universe
  • Space underwent a slow expansion in a very long period in the early universe
  • Space underwent a slow compression in a very long period in the early universe

Question 29

Question
How did the theory of inflation solve the flatness problem?
Answer
  • Because of the rapid compression of space, the Universe had its curvature flattened.
  • Because of the slow expansion of space, the Universe had its curvature flattened
  • It doesn’t solve the flatness problem.
  • Because of the rapid expansion of space, the Universe had its curvature flattened.

Question 30

Question
Which statement is correct about the big bang theory?
Answer
  • It predicts that about 75% of the mass of the baryonic matter ended up in Hydrogen, with about 25% in He.
  • It predicts that about 380,000 years after the big bang, radiation decoupled from matter and this radiation is now observed as the CMB with a current temperature of about 3 Kelvin
  • It predicts that temperature drops as the Universe expands.
  • All of the above.

Question 31

Question
The initial matter perturbations which grew with time and later formed galaxies and clusters of galaxies are observationally imprinted in the:
Answer
  • Cosmic Microwave Background(CMB) radiation
  • Nuclei of H and He
  • Planck Era
  • All of the above

Question 32

Question
How long after the Big Bang was the CMB formed?
Answer
  • 1 second
  • 380,000 years
  • 100,000,000 years
  • 10-33 seconds

Question 33

Question
How do the temperature and matter density of the Universe change with time?
Answer
  • They both increase with time
  • They both decrease with time
  • Matter density decreases but temperature increases
  • Matter density increases but temperature decreases

Question 34

Question
The curvature of the universe is:
Answer
  • Flat
  • Open
  • Closed
  • Twisted

Question 35

Question
If the density of the universe is than the critical density, then it will ____. If the density of the universe is than the critical density, then it will ____.
Answer
  • greater, expand, less, collapse
  • less, expand, greater, stay the same
  • less, expand, greater, collapse
  • less, stay the same, greater, expand

Question 36

Question
The fate of the universe is controlled by:
Answer
  • energy of expansion
  • gravitational energy
  • binding energy
  • All of the above

Question 37

Question
The universe is made up of:
Answer
  • 73% Dark Matter, 23% Dark Energy, and 4% Atoms
  • 73% Atoms, 23% Dark Matter, and 4% Dark Energy
  • 73% Dark Energy, 23% Dark Matter, and 4% Atoms
  • 73% Dark Energy, 23% Atoms, and 4% Dark Matter

Question 38

Question
The Big Crunch is a cosmological scenario that says the future of our universe is:
Answer
  • The universe will stop expanding and collapse on itself.
  • The universe will stop expanding and stay the same.
  • The universe will expand faster and faster.
  • The universe will stop expanding and then expand even faster

Question 39

Question
The bending and magnifying of light due to gravity is known as:
Answer
  • the cosmological principle
  • Olbers’ Paradox
  • Gravitational Lensing
  • Hubble’s Law

Question 40

Question
Where do stars mostly form?
Answer
  • In very hot gases rich in Hydrogen atom
  • In very hot gases at the center of the galaxies
  • In cold molecular gases
  • In the less dense hot gas between galaxies

Question 41

Question
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the elliptical galaxies?
Answer
  • They have no particular shape
  • They have no spiral arms
  • They have smooth featureless appearance
  • They have old stellar population

Question 42

Question
What is the Hubble’s tuning fork?
Answer
  • It is used to tune musical instruments
  • It is a tuning fork shaped diagram into which galaxies are organized morphologically
  • It is a way to classify stars within a galaxy
  • It is the formation model of the Universe

Question 43

Question
Which of the following is correct about the irregular galaxies?
Answer
  • They have many hot, young stars
  • They have spiral arms
  • They have large amounts of interstellar matter
  • They have many hot, young stars & They have large amounts of interstellar matter

Question 44

Question
Largest galaxies in rich clusters reside close to the ...
Answer
  • cluster's disk
  • cluster's halo
  • cluster's center
  • cluster's edge

Question 45

Question
In rich clusters most galaxies are in the form of ... and ...
Answer
  • Spiral, Elliptical
  • Elliptical, S0
  • Irregular, Elliptical
  • Irregular, Spiral

Question 46

Question
Most galaxies that are not in clusters are in the form of ... and ...
Answer
  • Spiral, Elliptical
  • Elliptical, S0
  • Irregular, Elliptical
  • Irregular, Spiral

Question 47

Question
Which statement is NOT true about rich clusters of galaxies?
Answer
  • Rich clusters contain hundreds to thousands of member galaxies.
  • Rich clusters have hot gas and dust
  • Rich clusters have a ragged, irregular appearance
  • Rich clusters are roughly spherical

Question 48

Question
What seems to be playing an important role in keeping galaxy clusters together, is the ...
Answer
  • Dark Energy
  • Electron Degeneracy pressure
  • Dark Matter
  • Dark Chocolate

Question 49

Question
The Metallicity (Fraction of heavy elements) of the Inter Galactic Medium is usually ... that of the Interstellar Medium.
Answer
  • Less than
  • higher than
  • equal to
  • twice

Question 50

Question
What process forms new elements in stars?
Answer
  • Fission
  • Fusion
  • Nucleosynthesis
  • photosynthesis

Question 51

Question
What will finally happen to the Sun?
Answer
  • It will explode in a supernova explosion.
  • It gradually ejects its outer layers to later form a planetary nebula and its leftover core turns into a white dwarf.
  • It finally turns into a black hole surrounded by a planetary nebula.
  • It becomes a rotating neutron star that regularly emits pulses of radiation.

Question 52

Question
What is the maximum mass that a stable white dwarf star can have (The Chandrasekhar mass limit)?
Answer
  • 1.4 times the mass of the Sun.
  • 3 times the mass of the Sun.
  • 100 times the mass of the Sun.
  • 0.1 times the mass of the Sun.

Question 53

Question
What is the main source of energy in the Sun?
Answer
  • Nuclear fission in the core.
  • Nuclear fusion in the core.
  • Gravitational contraction of the Sun.
  • Magnetic field of the Sun.

Question 54

Question
How do very massive stars die eventually?
Answer
  • They explode in a supernova explosion and leave a neutron star or a black hole behind.
  • They turn into a planetary nebula.
  • They explode in a supernova explosion and leave a white dwarf star behind.
  • Very massive stars never die. They keep on producing energy forever.

Question 55

Question
What is the heaviest nucleus that can be formed in the core of very massive stars?
Answer
  • Uranium.
  • Carbon.
  • Helium.
  • Iron.

Question 56

Question
Very heavy elements such as uranium, gold and mercury are formed in ...?
Answer
  • The Big Bang.
  • The core of low-mass stars.
  • The core of high-mass stars.
  • Supernova explosions

Question 57

Question
Astronomers use supernovae type Ia to directly measure ...?
Answer
  • The speed of light in distant galaxies.
  • Temperature of nearby galaxies.
  • Distance to faraway galaxies .
  • Rotation curve of the Milky Way galaxy.

Question 58

Question
Which of the following describe the early stages in the formation of stars in the right order?
Answer
  • Cold molecular gas, Gravitational collapse, formation of disk, protostar phase
  • Hot molecular gas, Gravitational collapse, formation of disk, protostar phase
  • Protostar phase, hot molecular gas, gravitational collapse, formation of disk
  • Cold molecular gas, protostar phase, gravitational collapse, formation of disk

Question 59

Question
Why is it difficult to find protostars using optical telescopes?
Answer
  • Because protostars do not exist in the nearby Universe
  • Because protostars are shrouded by gas and dust
  • Because protostars are black
  • Because protostars are much smaller than the smallest planets

Question 60

Question
What is the composition of the gas between stars?
Answer
  • It is all made of Hydrogen and Helium
  • 98% Hydrogen and Helium and 2% heavier elements
  • 50% Hydrogen and 50% Helium
  • It is mostly made of metals

Question 61

Question
Why don't we have any star less massive than 0.08 times the mass of the Sun?
Answer
  • Because gravity is not strong enough to cool down the gas at the center of these objects
  • Because all of these objects explode before being able to form a star
  • Because gravity is so strong in these objects that prevents the formation of a star
  • Because their cores never reach hydrogen fusion temperatures

Question 62

Question
What is the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram?
Answer
  • It is a plot of luminosity versus temperature where stars are located
  • It is a plot of chemical composition of the stars
  • It is a plot of luminosity versus number of stars
  • It is a plot of mass versus chemical composition

Question 63

Question
What mechanism prevents stars of mass less than 0.08 times the mass of the Sun from collapsing under the influence of gravity?
Answer
  • Radiation pressure
  • Degeneracy pressure
  • Osmotic pressure
  • Peer pressure

Question 64

Question
What element is produced in the final stages of fusion inside a star similar to the Sun?
Answer
  • Helium
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Photons

Question 65

Question
What is the definition of half-life for materials that undergo radioactive decay?
Answer
  • It is the time it takes for the atoms of the material to disappear completely
  • It is the time it takes for half of the atoms in a given sample of the material to decay
  • It is the time since the big bang for all radioactive materials
  • It is the time it takes for 80 percent of the atoms of the material to decay

Question 66

Question
What is radioactive dating used for?
Answer
  • To measure the distance to objects
  • To measure the temperature of material
  • To measure the age of material
  • To measure the metallicity of material

Question 67

Question
Which of the following should be among the predictions of any model of the solar system’s formation?
Answer
  • Rocky, dense planets must be found close to the sun
  • Planets must go around the sun in more or less the same plane
  • There should exist a lot of gas and dust in inner parts of the solar system close to the sun
  • Rocky, dense planets must be found close to the sun & Planets must go around the sun in more or less the same plane

Question 68

Question
Which of the following is the most successful model of solar system formation?
Answer
  • Solar Nebula Theory
  • Collision with another star Theory
  • Dark Matter Theory
  • Big bang Theory

Question 69

Question
One explanation of why the planets near the Sun are composed mainly of rock and iron is that ...?
Answer
  • The Sun’s magnetic field attracted all the iron in the young Solar System into the region around the Sun
  • The Sun is made mostly of iron, so gas ejected from its surface cooled and condensed to form iron rich planets
  • The Sun’s heat made it difficult for other substances such as ices and gases to condense near it
  • The Sun’s gravity pulled iron and other heavy material inward and allowed the lighter material to float outward

Question 70

Question
What was the separation process in the formation of planets during which denser material sank toward the center of bodies and lighter material floated toward the surface?
Answer
  • Integration
  • Differentiation
  • Materialization
  • Globalization

Question 71

Question
What are the two main processes that could have formed the atmosphere of planets?
Answer
  • Condensation and Outgassing
  • Outgassing and Collisions
  • Melting and Collisions
  • Vaporization and Melting

Question 72

Question
Why is it difficult for smaller planets to form an atmosphere?
Answer
  • Because smaller planets do not get hot enough to have an atmosphere
  • Because smaller planets have a different chemical composition not allowing them to have an atmosphere
  • Because small planets have weak gravity that makes it difficult for them to hold on to the atmospheres they form
  • Because smaller planets form at much earlier stages in the formation of Solar System

Question 73

Question
What are the main methods for detecting extra solar planets (Exoplanets)?
Answer
  • Doppler Method, transit method and gravitational lensing
  • Gravitational lensing, laser method and Doppler method
  • Doppler method, transit method and Dark Matter method
  • Transit method, Doppler method and laser method

Question 74

Question
How do we detect planets using the transit method?
Answer
  • By looking at the blue shifting and red shifting of light
  • By looking at the change in brightness as the planet moves in its orbit around the star
  • By looking at the gravitational effects of the star on planet
  • By looking at the direct images taken from the planet

Question 75

Question
What parameters determine the environment of a planet?
Answer
  • Mass and size of the planet.
  • The role of atmosphere.
  • The role of sunlight.
  • All of the above.

Question 76

Question
Which statement is NOT correct about outer planets in the solar system?
Answer
  • They have many moons.
  • They are mostly made up of rocks and metals.
  • They are bigger and more massive than inner planets.
  • They have no solid surface.

Question 77

Question
The Earth's crust is mostly made up of ...?
Answer
  • Oxygen and hydrogen.
  • Hydrogen and helium.
  • Oxygen and silicon.
  • Iron and nickel.

Question 78

Question
In which layer of the Earth's interior, heat is mainly transported to upper layers by convection?
Answer
  • The crust.
  • The mantle.
  • The solid inner core.
  • Crust and solid inner core.

Question 79

Question
Earthquakes and volcanoes on Earth are more active near ...?
Answer
  • Plate boundaries.
  • Bottom of the oceans.
  • Continents.
  • The Earth's core.

Question 80

Question
What is the main source of the Earth's magnetic field?
Answer
  • Solar flares.
  • Current flows in the molten iron core.
  • Iron content of the Earth's crust.
  • Motion of charged particles in the atmosphere.

Question 81

Question
Where is the the ''frost line'' (the division between the inner warm part and outer cold parts of the solar system) located?
Answer
  • between the orbits of Saturn and Neptine
  • between the orbits of the Earth and Venus
  • between the orbits of Earth and Mars
  • between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

Question 82

Question
What is believed to be the origin of Earth's Moon?
Answer
  • A catastrophic impact with a Mars-sized object 4.5 billion years ago
  • Orbital capture of a passing celestial body
  • Aliens put it there
  • It formed the same time Earth had formed.

Question 83

Question
Which statement is correct?
Answer
  • There was liquid water on the Earth’s surface 4.5 billion years ago.
  • There is more CO2 in the atmosphere than in the oceans now.
  • There is more Oxygen in the atmosphere now than 4 billion years ago.
  • Oceans formed on the surface of the Earth two thousand years ago.

Question 84

Question
What is the origin of Oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere?
Answer
  • Comets and asteroids
  • Plants and bacteria
  • Volcanoes
  • The Sun

Question 85

Question
If the thermal velocity of atmospheric gas is ___ the escape velocity of the planet, the atmosphere can escape.
Answer
  • Half of
  • Much less than
  • One fourth of
  • Close to

Question 86

Question
The Earth’s atmosphere is mostly composed of ___.
Answer
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
  • Methane

Question 87

Question
The higher the elevation on Earth, ___ the atmospheric pressure.
Answer
  • The same
  • The higher
  • The lower
  • The colder

Question 88

Question
Which part of the Electromagnetic spectrum is more absorbed by Greenhouse gasses?
Answer
  • Ultraviolet
  • Radio
  • Infrared
  • Gamma rays

Question 89

Question
What is some evidence supporting that all continents were once united into one single continent?
Answer
  • Distinctive fossil groups found in Africa and South America
  • Similarities of geological features and rock ages on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean
  • Similarities in shorelines
  • All of the above

Question 90

Question
Why was the continental drift hypothesis rejected at the time of proposal?
Answer
  • Similarities of fossils on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean
  • Inadequate mechanism of continental movement
  • Similarities of rock ages in some continents
  • Continental shoreline similarities

Question 91

Question
Which of the following supports the “seafloor spreading” hypothesis?
Answer
  • Seafloor is younger near the ridges
  • The ages of the seafloor are symmetric on either side of the ridges
  • Magnetic polarity reversals are recorded in ocean floor
  • All of the above

Question 92

Question
What mainly causes the Earth’s crust to be dynamically moving?
Answer
  • Convectional currents in the mantle
  • Tidal forces on the Earth’s crust
  • Earthquakes and volcanoes
  • Meteorite impacts

Question 93

Question
The Mid-Atlantic ridge is a result of ___?
Answer
  • Transform faults
  • Convergent plate boundaries
  • Divergent plate boundaries
  • Side-to-side plate boundaries

Question 94

Question
Subduction of oceanic plates and formation of volcanic mountains, accompanied by earthquakes is a result of ___?
Answer
  • Convergent plate boundaries
  • Divergent plate boundaries
  • Side-to-side plate boundaries
  • Transform faults

Question 95

Question
In ___, the continental lithosphere cannot recycle. The crust thickens creating high mountains, a wide plateau, and severe earthquakes.
Answer
  • Continent-continent convergence
  • Ocean-continent convergence
  • Ocean-ocean convergence
  • Ocean-ocean divergence

Question 96

Question
Which of the following correctly describes the geological time scales in order of increasing divisions of time?
Answer
  • Eon, Era, Period, Epoch
  • Period, Epoch, Era, Eon
  • Epoch, Period, Era, Eon
  • Era, Eon, Period, Epoch

Question 97

Question
Which of the following is NOT true about the early Earth?
Answer
  • Violent impacts were fairly common.
  • Early Earth was relatively cool.
  • Earth was very hot at the beginning.
  • Heavier elements sank to the center and lighter elements moved toward the surface.

Question 98

Question
The correct description of the Earth’s layers from inside out is given in which of the following choices?
Answer
  • Liquid iron inner core, solid iron outer core, mantle, crust
  • Mantle, crust, solid iron inner core, liquid iron outer core
  • Liquid iron outer core, solid iron inner core, mantle, crust
  • Solid inner iron core, liquid outer iron core, mantle, crust

Question 99

Question
What is believed to be the reason for the late Heavy Bombardment between 4 to 3.8 billion years ago?
Answer
  • Change in the orbits of the Jovian planets.
  • Change in the temperature of the Sun
  • Complete reversal of the orbits of planets due to a nearby star.
  • Change in the chemical composition of the Sun.

Question 100

Question
When the Earth formed and the crust first cooled and solidified, what was the dominant rock type?
Answer
  • Igneous rock
  • Metamorphic rock
  • Sedimentary rock
  • Both a and b

Question 101

Question
What is the most common rock type on the Earth today?
Answer
  • Igneous rock
  • Metamorphic rock
  • Sedimentary rock
  • Both a and b

Question 102

Question
Which of the following are possible causes for mass extinctions?
Answer
  • Massive meteor impact
  • Global rise or fall in the Earth’s temperature
  • Increased global volcanic activity
  • All of the above

Question 103

Question
Ozone layer in the atmosphere blocks which part of the Sun’s light spectrum more?
Answer
  • Ultraviolet
  • Radio
  • Gamma ray
  • Visible

Question 104

Question
When did oxygen start building up in the Earth’s atmosphere?
Answer
  • When the Earth was forming.
  • When the Earth was half its present age.
  • When dinosaurs became extinct.
  • When the Universe was half its present age.

Question 105

Question
Why is there less CO2 in the atmosphere in the summer months, compared to the winter months?
Answer
  • People greatly decrease their CO2 emissions in the summer.
  • The Earth is farther away from the Sun in the summer.
  • There is more direct sunlight in the summer.
  • Many plants die in the winter, so there are more plants that are photosynthesizing in the summer.

Question 106

Question
The smallest unit of life that can function independently and perform all the necessary functions of life is ___.
Answer
  • An organ
  • A cell
  • An atom
  • A tissue

Question 107

Question
A/An ___ cell has a central control structure called a nucleus, which contains the cell’s DNA.
Answer
  • Prokaryotic
  • Archaean
  • Viral
  • Eukaryotic

Question 108

Question
Different independent parts of a eukaryotic cell that are assigned different functions are called ___.
Answer
  • Organs
  • Nuclei
  • Organelles
  • DNAs

Question 109

Question
What is correct about plant and animal cells?
Answer
  • Animal cells have mitochondria, while plant cells have both mitochondria and chloroplasts.
  • Plant cells have mitochondria, while animal cells have both mitochondria and chloroplasts.
  • Animal and plant cells have chloroplasts.
  • Animal and plant cells lack chloroplasts.

Question 110

Question
Mitochondria are able to metabolize ___.
Answer
  • Phosphorus in the presence of oxygen.
  • Sugar in the presence of oxygen.
  • Sugar in the presence of sunlight.
  • Sugar in the presence of both sunlight and oxygen.

Question 111

Question
According to Endosymbiosis Theory, Eukaryotic cells are formed by:
Answer
  • The folding of a membrane or tissue.
  • The combination of two or more prokaryotic cells.
  • The division of a bigger cell into smaller eukaryotic cells.
  • Plant cells.

Question 112

Question
Which of the following is a common characteristic of life?
Answer
  • Growth
  • Metabolism
  • Reproduction
  • All of the above

Question 113

Question
Living things are made up of ___ amino acids.
Answer
  • Left-handed
  • Right-handed
  • Both left and right-handed
  • Neither left nor right-handed

Question 114

Question
What are the two main varieties of nucleic acids?
Answer
  • DNA and RNA
  • Sugars and lipids
  • Lipids and carbohydrates
  • Lipids and steroids

Question 115

Question
Which of the following is a genetic material that stores information for their own replication and for the sequence of amino acids in proteins?
Answer
  • RNA
  • Phospholipids
  • DNA
  • Monosaccharaides

Question 116

Question
DNA bases are connected with ___?
Answer
  • Metallic bonds
  • Covalent bonds
  • Hydrogen bonds
  • Ionic bonds

Question 117

Question
What element is the main basis for life on Earth?
Answer
  • Oxygen
  • Water
  • Carbon
  • Silicon

Question 118

Question
Three main types of cells are _____:
Answer
  • Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, and Archaean.
  • Bacterias, Archaeas, and Prokaryotic.
  • Bacterias, Archaeas, and Animal.
  • Animal, Plant, and Prokaryotic.

Question 119

Question
These types of cells have qualities of both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes:
Answer
  • Archaean Cells
  • Viral Cells
  • Bacterias
  • Plant Cells

Question 120

Question
The main kingdoms of eukaryotic cells are:
Answer
  • Bacteria and Archaea
  • Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, and Protista
  • Bacteria, Archaea, and Protista
  • Bacteria, Archaea, Animalia, and Fungi

Question 121

Question
______ cells are usually found in harsh environments and may use inorganic chemicals to generate energy.
Answer
  • Bacterial
  • Eukaryotic
  • Archaean
  • Animal

Question 122

Question
How many types of amino acids are used by life on Earth?
Answer
  • 3
  • 10
  • 20
  • 25

Question 123

Question
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used by cells for what purpose?
Answer
  • Regulating osmosis
  • Storing energy
  • Managing the expression of DNA
  • Communicating with other cells

Question 124

Question
How do the structures of DNA and RNA compare?
Answer
  • both DNA and RNA are double-helix shaped
  • DNA is double-helix shaped while RNA is single-stranded
  • RNA is double-helix shaped while DNA is single-stranded
  • both DNA and RNA are single-stranded

Question 125

Question
What aspect of a DNA molecule is responsible for encoding information?
Answer
  • the sugar-phosphate backbone
  • the nitrogenous base pairs
  • the secondary structure
  • the tertiary structure

Question 126

Question
Proteins are built from long chains of which molecules?
Answer
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Amino Acids
  • Water molecules

Question 127

Question
What nucleotides are found in DNA?
Answer
  • Cytosine, thymine, adenine, guanine
  • Cytosine, uracil, adenine, guanine
  • Thymine, adenine, guanine
  • Cytosine and guanine

Question 128

Question
What property or properties of water make it essential for life on Earth?
Answer
  • its cohesive and adhesive properties
  • a high heat capacity
  • its polar solvent nature, facilitating chemical reactions
  • all of these answers
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