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HEAD, NECK AND NEURO: Week 4 - Otitis media with effusion; Tonsils

Description

Tonsils; otitis media with effusion
Melissa Denker
Quiz by Melissa Denker, updated more than 1 year ago
Melissa Denker
Created by Melissa Denker about 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What marks the boundary between the oral cavity and the oropharynx?
Answer
  • Palatoglossal folds
  • Palatopharyngeal folds
  • Palatine tonsil
  • Oropharyngeal isthmus
  • Vallecula

Question 2

Question
Which of these are the tonsils that make up Waldeyer's tonsillar ring?
Answer
  • Palatine tonsils
  • Lingual tonsils
  • Tubal tonsil
  • Pharyngeal/adenoid tonsils
  • Oropharyngeal tonsils
  • Tonsils of Rosenmuller
  • Piriform tonsils
  • Palatopharyngeal tonsils

Question 3

Question
What is the fossa of Rosenmuller?
Answer
  • Pharyngeal recess
  • Piriform fossa
  • Oropharyngeal isthmus
  • Isthmus of the fauces
  • Vallecula

Question 4

Question
Where is the piriform fossa located?
Answer
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
  • Oral cavity
  • Larynx

Question 5

Question
What is Waldeyer's ring?
Answer
  • Collective name for the tonsils in the pharynx
  • The tubal tonsil, surrounding the opening of the Eustachian canal
  • The ring surrounding the entrance to the larynx
  • Collective name for all of the fossae in the pharynx (pharyngeal recess, oropharyngeal fossa, piriform fossa)
  • The boundaries of the oropharyngeal isthmus (palatoglossal folds laterally, soft palate superiorly, tongue inferiorly)

Question 6

Question
What type of epithelium do most tonsils have?
Answer
  • Stratified squamous
  • Respiratory epithelium
  • Pseudostratified columnar
  • Simple columnar
  • Simple squamous

Question 7

Question
Which of the following is the ONLY tonsil that does NOT have stratified squamous epithelium?
Answer
  • Tubal tonsil
  • Palatine tonsils
  • Pharyngeal/adenoid tonsil
  • Lingual tonsils

Question 8

Question
What are the 4 features of the structure of tonsils? 1. [blank_start]Stratified squamous[blank_end] epithelium 2. [blank_start]Tonsillar crypts[blank_end] - contain lymphocytes 3. [blank_start]Hemicapsule[blank_end] - separates tonsil from underlying muscle 4. [blank_start]Lymphoid follicles[blank_end] - contain germinal centres
Answer
  • Stratified squamous
  • Tonsillar crypts
  • Hemicapsule
  • Lymphoid follicles

Question 9

Question
The tonsillar branch of which artery supplies the palatine tonsils?
Answer
  • Facial artery
  • External carotid artery
  • Pharyngeal artery
  • Thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery
  • Inferior thyroid artery

Question 10

Question
How do tonsils protect against infection? 1. Antigens enter the [blank_start]tonsillar crypts[blank_end] 2. Antigens enter the [blank_start]lymphoid follicles[blank_end] via [blank_start]transcytosis[blank_end] 3. An immune response is initiated: a. Efferent lymphatic vessels drain to the [blank_start]deep cervical chain[blank_end] of lymph nodes b. [blank_start]Activated lymphocytes[blank_end] migrate into the lamina propria of the oral/nasopharyngeal mucosa (these are activated via [blank_start]antigen presentation[blank_end])
Answer
  • tonsillar crypts
  • lymphoid follicles
  • transcytosis
  • deep cervical chain
  • Activated lymphocytes
  • antigen presentation

Question 11

Question
Where does the lymphatic drainage of the tonsils ultimately drain to?
Answer
  • Deep cervical chain of lymph nodes
  • Superficial cervical lymph nodes
  • Submental and submandibular lymph nodes
  • Supraclavicular lymph nodes
  • Parotid/pre-auricular lymph nodes

Question 12

Question
What are the 3 main routes of the spread of infection into the middle ear? 1. [blank_start]Maxillary sinus[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Adenoid tonsils[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Palatine tonsils[blank_end]
Answer
  • Maxillary sinus
  • Adenoid tonsils
  • Palatine tonsils

Question 13

Question
What is the function of the stapedius muscle?
Answer
  • Restricts movement of the stapes so that sound isn't too loud
  • Facilitates movement of the stapes so that sound is amplified
  • Holds stapes in place over the oval window
  • Attaches stapes to the other ossicles

Question 14

Question
What is the surface marking of the mastoid antrum?
Answer
  • Suprameatal triangle
  • Mastoid process
  • Angle of jaw
  • Zyogmatic arch closest to the external ear

Question 15

Question
What is the tympanic ring?
Answer
  • Ring around the tympanic membrane in children
  • Ring around the tympanic membrane
  • Ring around the middle ear ossicles

Question 16

Question
Which glands in the ear produce ear wax?
Answer
  • Ceruminous glands
  • Sebacious glands
  • Wax glands
  • Follicular glands

Question 17

Question
At what angle does the tympanic membrane sit?
Answer
  • 45 degrees
  • 90 degrees
  • 15 degrees
  • 30 degrees

Question 18

Question
What are the mastoid air cells?
Answer
  • Holes in the mastoid bone containing air
  • Specialised cells in the mastoid bone containing air
  • Specialised cells in the mastoid bone containing large amounts of fat
  • Specialised cells in the mastoid bone containing large amounts of bone marrow
  • Holes in the mastoid bone containing bone marrow

Question 19

Question
Which test is used to distinguish conductive and sensorineural hearing loss?
Answer
  • Rinne's test
  • Weber's test

Question 20

Question
What are 4 complications of otitis media with effusion? 1. [blank_start]Hearing loss[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Acute/chronic mastoiditis[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Cholesteotomas[blank_end] 4. [blank_start]Intracranial infection[blank_end]
Answer
  • Hearing loss
  • Acute/chronic mastoiditis
  • Cholesteotomas
  • Intracranial infection
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