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Mine Reclamation Final Pt.1

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Final Mine Quiz on Mine Reclamation Final Pt.1, created by Randy Broski Ber on 05/10/2016.
Randy Broski Ber
Quiz by Randy Broski Ber, updated more than 1 year ago
Randy Broski Ber
Created by Randy Broski Ber about 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What are the benefits of an EMS?
Answer
  • document environment performance
  • engage stakholders
  • identify risks and mitigate efforts

Question 2

Question
An EMS has 3 primary categories
Answer
  • processes and procedures
  • human resources
  • physical and financial tools

Question 3

Question
Regarding geochemical impacts, which are true?
Answer
  • source materials only include overburden and host rock
  • source materials only include mined resources
  • impacts directly include changes in hydrology
  • related to volume of materials exposed to environmental media
  • source materials include overburden, host rock, and mined resources
  • impacts may include changes in pH and ion concentrations
  • impacts related to surface area of materials exposed to environmental media

Question 4

Question
Consequences of AMD for receiving waters:
Answer
  • metals contamination
  • elevated pH
  • increased sulfate concentrations
  • precipitation of iron oxides
  • dissolved solids or conductivity
  • increased sedimentation

Question 5

Question
What is the aim of mitigation or prevention of mining activities impacts on biodiversity?
Answer
  • maintaining the composition and structure of native species
  • minimizing impacts on water quality
  • increasing the population of economically valuable species
  • maximizing the number of species present
  • ensuring that invasive species are limited

Question 6

Question
Regarding sedimentation of surface waters, which are true?
Answer
  • can lead to increased metals and dissolved ions
  • primarily caused by surface and ground water interactions
  • can lead to decreased dissolved oxygen
  • primarily caused by water erosion
  • can cause loss of aquatic habitat
  • can cause decreased turbidity
  • caused by blasting

Question 7

Question
Air emissions from current or past processing activities, which are true?
Answer
  • smelters are associated with metal vapors and particulates
  • sulfur or nitrous oxides are associated with fuel combustion
  • wet or dry deposition of sulfur or nitrous oxides can lead to increased acidity in soil or air
  • smelters are associated with production of sulfur oxides
  • respect to metals contamination of environment media, fugitive dust associated with tailings piles is a primary concern
  • smelters are associated with fugitive dust
  • DPM is associated with smelters
  • with respect to metals contamination

Question 8

Question
Which of the following statements about hazardous chemicals associated with mining or minerals processing activities are true?
Answer
  • cyanides interferes with cell respiration (oxygen transfer between blood and cells)
  • polyaromatic hydrocarbons are associated with fossil fuel product leaks or production
  • cyanide is primarily used in gold leaching
  • cyanide breaks down to less toxic chemicals quickly in the environment
  • polychlorinated biphenyls are most commonly associated with leaks from cooling systems in equipment or electrical transformers
  • cyanide is persistent in the environment
  • cyanide is used as a water treatment chemical
  • polychlorinated biphenyls are used as processing chemicals for metal production
  • polychlorinated hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls accelerate metal uptake in cells
  • polyaromatic hydrocarbons interfere with cell respiration

Question 9

Question
The [blank_start]National Mining Association[blank_end] is the primary lobbying organization for the mining industry in the U.S.
Answer
  • National Mining Association

Question 10

Question
Match the following statements to stakeholder groups: [blank_start]public at large[blank_end] – generally have the most influence on decision making, but least access to information [blank_start]scientific community[blank_end] – generally considered to be unbiased sources of information [blank_start]legislators[blank_end] – often concerned with public perceptions and values [blank_start]advocacy groups[blank_end] – often dedicated to pursuing political issues by involvement in specific areas [blank_start]local citizen communities[blank_end] – the primary grantors of social license [blank_start]regulators[blank_end] – the primary grantors of mining or operating license
Answer
  • public at large
  • scientific community
  • legislators
  • advocacy groups
  • local citizen communities
  • regulators

Question 11

Question
Stakeholder engagement, match description of public regulation strategies to the model of communication: [blank_start]two way asymmetric communication[blank_end] – iterative information sharing, industry member evaluates audiences’ attitudes about information shared then decides how to proceed [blank_start]two way symmetric communication[blank_end] – continual information sharing, industry member evaluates audiences’ understanding of the information shared, then decides how to proceed [blank_start]one way contextually complete[blank_end] – isolated instances of information sharing, industry member gears the details to the scope and circumstances of the audiences interests [blank_start]one way incomplete communication[blank_end] – isolated instances of information sharing, industry member gears the details shared toward its desired messages
Answer
  • two way asymmetric communication
  • two way symmetric communication
  • one way contextually complete
  • one way incomplete communication

Question 12

Question
In context of sustainable development of mining or mineral projects, which of the following are true about application of systems engineering approaches (life cycle analysis) to design an assessment?
Answer
  • LCA methods are most appropriate for selection and design of processes or products
  • systems engineering approaches allow for assessment of a broad range of design outcomes in the different “pillars” of sustainable development
  • such approaches are best applied when the system is clearly defined and considers all necessary resources for the project
  • LCA methods are most appropriate for selection and design of mine sites

Question 13

Question
Regarding the global reporting initiative (GRI), which of the following is true?
Answer
  • gri reports contain information on environmental, social and economic indicators
  • companies often use gri reports to document their performance in regards to corporate social responsibility policies
  • gri includes mining specific reporting requirements
  • gri was developed by a broad group of stakeholders in corporate activites
  • gri provides a way to quantitively compare performance of one company site over time
  • gri promotes third party assurance of report contents
  • gri has evolved through several iterations
  • gri provides a way to quantitively compare performance of multiple companies or sites
  • gri was developed by a broad group of governments interested in tracking performance of corporations currently or prospectively operating within their boarders

Question 14

Question
regarding social licence in the context mining or minerals projects, which of the following are true?
Answer
  • in order for a company to gain approval, its activities must be seen as legitimate and the company must be perceived as credible
  • a social license is dynamic because it is related to stakeholder relationships
  • a social license can be vulnerable during times of transition
  • government officials have the ultimate say in whether a social license may be granted
  • a social license is dynamic because it must be granted on an annual basis
  • in order for a company to gain acceptance, it must have the full trust of all stakeholders

Question 15

Question
CSR policies generally include commitments to several major themes or goals, identify 3[blank_start]:[blank_end]
Answer
  • :

Question 16

Question
Which of the following are true regarding the concept of social capital in the context of mining and minerals projects?
Answer
  • high social capital is usually evident when stakeholders are willing to communicate and compromise
  • social capital can be thought of as a value that stems from strong stakeholder networks
  • social capital can be thought of as a monetary value of a social license
  • low social capital is usually indicative of poor public relations between an industry member and other stakeholders

Question 17

Question
In the global context of mining, sustainable development:
Answer
  • is aimed at supporting future generations
  • is usually dependent on site-specific circumstances
  • seeks to minimize impacts on biogeochemical cycles
  • is oriented toward optimizing net impacts in the environment, social and economic domains
  • is usually mandated by government regulation
  • is achieved by following a standard set of strict guidelines

Question 18

Question
regarding environmental ethics, which of the following is generally true?
Answer
  • universalizing is strategy aimed at clarifying the potential impacts of decisions in ethical dilemmas
  • environmental ethics may place moral value on decisions that protect the environment because it deserves protection
  • environmental ethics may place moral value on decisions the protect the environment such that it can continue to serve society
  • environmental ethics must be explicitly included in professional engineering codes of ethics
  • universalizing is strategy aimed at identifying the underlying theory of decisions in ethical dilemmas

Question 19

Question
The most fundamental canon of professional engineering ethics is:
Answer
  • faithfully serving clients
  • protection of public safety and health
  • only practicing in ones areas of competence
  • maintaining the integrity of the engineering profession
  • not committing deceptive acts

Question 20

Question
Which of the following statements is generally true about ethical dilemmas faced by engineers?
Answer
  • they can lead to a variety of losses (profits, public reputation)
  • they can arise due to poor decisions made by the engineer facing the dilemma
  • they can arise due to poor decisions by others
  • they can arise because of conflicting demands or expectations
  • they can be solved by consulting legal statutes and rules

Question 21

Question
Positional bargaining can often derail negotiations because:
Answer
  • one or more stakeholders are unwilling to compromise
  • one or more stakeholders is misinformed about the scientific information
  • one or more of the stakeholders are legally entitled to monetary remuneration
  • one or more stakeholders has strict principles or values

Question 22

Question
which of the following are generally true regarding litigation as a means of conflict resolution?
Answer
  • a neutral third party is responsible for deciding the terms of a resolution
  • it is deterministic (a resolution must be reached)
  • it generally promotes transparency of conflict related information
  • it is often the case that all parties in conflict are satisfied with the resolution
  • it is capable to deal with root causes of conflict, be they legal, ideological, or otherwise
  • the parties in conflict often need to cooperate to reach a resolution

Question 23

Question
Which of the following condition are necessary for alternative dispute resolution strategies to be successful?
Answer
  • the resolution process must be voluntary
  • all parties should be optimistic that their position can be improved
  • all parties should be forthcoming with their needs
  • all parties should be willing to accept a resolution with no monetary gains
  • the resolution process must be agreed upon by a judge in the appropriate court system

Question 24

Question
Suppose two parties are in conflict over the location of a prospective waste dump. Match the following to the most appropriate category of primary need. (Hint: in the conflict resolution module, we discuss three categories of stakeholder needs that are generally present in any conflict) [blank_start]Substantive[blank_end] – party a wants the dump to be located at least 25 miles away from any fishable streams [blank_start]Procedural[blank_end] – party b wants the dump location to be determined via evaluation of multiple alternative scenarios and their statistical likelihood of impacts on fish populations [blank_start]Psychological[blank_end] – party a wants party b to acknowledge their concerns over potential impacts of the dump on recreational fishing [blank_start]Substantive[blank_end] – party a wants party b to conduct seasonal fish surveys [blank_start]Procedural[blank_end] – both parties want to official records of all discussions pertaining to the conflict
Answer
  • Substantive
  • Procedural
  • Psychological
  • Substantive
  • Procedural

Question 25

Question
Regarding common strategies for conflict resolution, which of the following are generally true?
Answer
  • in disputes, involving purely technical issues, both parties may agree to defer judgment of an appropriate resolution to an expert in the technical field in question
  • a mediator facilitates negotiations, while an arbitrator decides the final terms of a settlement
  • a arbitrator facilitates negotiations, while a mediator decides the final terms of a settlement
  • negotiation requires a third party

Question 26

Question
In the context of environmental regulation in the US, the concept of primacy refers to:
Answer
  • The case where state agencies have been granted the day to day authority to conduct permitting, compliance and enforcement activities
  • the case where state agencies have been granted the day to day authority to make new laws
  • the case where federal agencies have been granted the day to day authority to conduct permitting, compliance, and enforcement activities
  • the case where federal agencies have been granted the day to day authority to make new laws

Question 27

Question
[blank_start]limited liability[blank_end] refers to the case where stockholders are liable for a corporations offenses up to the point of the stockholders investment – assuming the stockholder bears no management responsibility for the corporation
Answer
  • limited liability

Question 28

Question
[blank_start]Vicarious liability[blank_end] means that an individual may be held liable for the actions of others. The most common example of this is in cases where managers are held liable for the actions of their subordinates. Here, the “ [blank_start]derivative[blank_end] responsibility” theory is applied.
Answer
  • Vicarious liability
  • derivative

Question 29

Question
blank
Answer
  • blank
  • blank 2

Question 30

Question
blank 2
Answer
  • blank
  • blank 2

Question 31

Question
[blank_start]strict[blank_end] liability means that [blank_start]intent[blank_end] is not necessary for an individual to be held liable for an action.
Answer
  • strict
  • intent

Question 32

Question
Which of the following are true regarding substantive and interpretive rules?
Answer
  • interpretive rules are often in the form of guidance documents
  • substantive rules have the force of law
  • only substantive rulemaking always requires that agencies follow strict processes outlined in the Administrative Procedure Act
  • substantive rules are often in the form of “guidance documents”
  • substantive and interpretive rulemaking always requires that agencies follow strict processes outlined in the Administrative Procedural Act
  • interpretive rules have the force of law
  • substantive and interpretive rules have the force of law

Question 33

Question
The commerce clause has been broadly interpreted by the courts as a basis for the federal governments authority to undertake environmental regulation. This is because:
Answer
  • activities that impact the environment in one state may impact
  • activities that impact the environment may impact commercial activities as well
  • commercial activities have more impact on the environment than non-commercial activities
  • commercial activities in one state may impact the commercial activities in another state
  • commercial activities always have an impact on the environment

Question 34

Question
In cases of civil liability for environmental offenses, which of the following are true?
Answer
  • the defendant may be an individual or a corporation
  • the consequences generally include fines to compensate victims, remediate impacts or deter future actions
  • the defendant is always a corporation
  • the consequences may include incarceration of an individual
  • the defendant was negligent of the law broken

Question 35

Question
[blank_start]Common[blank_end] law – a court case centers on the interpretation of “continuous discharge” in the context of a wastewater discharge to a stream. The ultimate finding is that for a discharge to be considered “continuous” it must be discharging at a rate that is at least X% of its rated capacity for Y% of the year. [blank_start]Statute[blank_end] – congress introduces a new bill that would require corporations with a minimum tax obligation to report annual expenditures on environmental compliance efforts. [blank_start]Administrative[blank_end] law – a state agency decides to reduce the limit on selenium concentration in industrial wastewater discharges to receiving waters [blank_start]Ordinance[blank_end] – a town council votes to restrict heavy truck traffic on business routes within the town limits [blank_start]Executive order[blank_end] – the president of the US mandates that all federal agencies must report annual expenditures on technologies and management practices aimed improving the environmental performance of the agency.
Answer
  • Statute
  • Ordinance
  • Executive order
  • Administrative
  • Common
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