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AP Biology Practice Quiz

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The quiz includes questions from previous years' AP Biology exams. You should take this to test your knowledge and see what you need to cover a little more.
Shaylah Wheeler
Quiz by Shaylah Wheeler, updated more than 1 year ago
Shaylah Wheeler
Created by Shaylah Wheeler almost 8 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Membrane-bound organelles have been an important component in the evolution complex, multicellular organisms. Which of the following best summarizes the advantage of eukaryotic cells having internal membranes?
Answer
  • Eukaryotic cells are able to reproduce faster because of the presence of organelles.
  • Some organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, are similar to prokaryotic cells in structure.
  • Organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency.
  • Compartmentalization leads to a higher mutation rate in DNA, which leads to more new species.

Question 2

Question
By discharging electric sparks into a laboratory chamber atmosphere that consisted of water vapor, hydrogen gas, methane, and ammonia, Stanley Miller obtained data that showed that a number of organic molecules, including many amino acids, could be synthesized. Miller was attempting to model early Earth conditions as understood in the 1950s. The results of Miller's experiments best support which of the following hypotheses?
Answer
  • The molecules essential to life today did not exist at the time Earth was first formed.
  • The molecules essential to life today could not have been carried to the primordial Earth by a comet or meteorite.
  • The molecules essential to life today could have formed under early Earth conditions.
  • The molecules essential to life today were initially self-replicating proteins that were synthesized approximately four billion years ago.

Question 3

Question
The area covered by tropical rain forest is reduced by millions of hectares per year due to agriculture and logging. Which of the following best describes a likely result of tropical rain forest deforestation?
Answer
  • Populations of plants and animals will decrease as more rain forest disappears, leading to a decrease in biodiversity.
  • An increase of soil moisture will lead to a rapid increase in new vegetation coverage.
  • An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide will lead to higher levels of ultraviolet radiation reaching the surface of the Earth.
  • More oxygen will be available to other organisms as plant numbers decrease.

Question 4

Question
When DNA replicates, each strand of the original DNA molecule is used as a template for the synthesis of a second, complementary strand. To start DNA synthesis, DNA helicase moves along the template strand to "unzip" it. The top strand is called the [blank_start]leading[blank_end] strand and starts with [blank_start]5'[blank_end] and ends with 3'. In contrast, the bottom strand, or the [blank_start]lagging[blank_end] strand, starts with [blank_start]3'[blank_end] and ends with 5'. The strands are unwound/replicated in [blank_start]opposite[blank_end] directions.
Answer
  • opposite
  • similar
  • leading
  • lagging
  • lagging
  • leading
  • 5'
  • 3'
  • 3'
  • 5'

Question 5

Question
Which of the following statements best supports the claim that organisms share fundamental processes as a result of evolution?
Answer
  • All organisms that are introduced into new environments have the capacity to fill vacant ecological roles.
  • All organisms have the ability to utilize oxygen to harness energy from the chemical breakdown of organic compounds.
  • All organisms share a genetic code organized into triplet codons, making it possible for one organism to express a gene from another organism.
  • All organisms possess structures such as chloroplasts and mitochondria within their cells that reflect past symbiotic relationships between prokaryotic precursors.

Question 6

Question
The FtsZ protein is present in prokaryotes and in chloroplasts. The protein is structurally and functionally similar to tubulin proteins of eukaryotic cells. Which of the following is a likely conclusion to draw from this information?
Answer
  • FtsZ and tubulin proteins were both present in a common ancestor.
  • Mircotubules are involved in the mechanics of photosynthesis.
  • Tubulin genes are evolutionary derived from the gene that codes for the FtsZ protein.
  • The sequences of the genes encoding the FtsZ and tubulin proteins are identical .

Question 7

Question
In most freshwater fish, nitrogenous waste is primarily excreted as ammonia, which is highly concentrations. In terrestrial animals, ammonia is converted to urea before it is excreted. Urea is also highly soluble in water but is less toxic than ammonia at low concentrations. Which of the following best explains why freshwater fish do not convert ammonia to urea for excretion?
Answer
  • The metabolic pathways of fish do not normally involve nitrogen consumption.
  • The dilution of ammonia by direct excretion into freshwater conserves energy.
  • Ammonia is concentrated in tissues, where it is stored prior to excretion.
  • The nitrogen in ammonia is recycled for use in protein and nucleotide synthesis.

Question 8

Question
During the infection cycle for a typical retrovirus, such as HIV, which uses RNA as genetic material, the genetic variation in the resulting population of new virus is very high because of...
Answer
  • damage to the virus particle from envelope loss during infection.
  • errors introduced in the DNA molecule through reverse transcription.
  • errors in the protein molecules produced in translation.
  • recombination of the genomes of free virus particles.

Question 9

Question
Which of the following statements most directly supports the claim that different species of organisms use different metabolic strategies to meet their requirements for growth, reproduction, and homeostasis?
Answer
  • During cold periods pond-dwelling animals can increase the number of unsaturated fatty acids in their cell membranes while some plants make antifreeze proteins to prevent ice crystal formation in tissues.
  • Bacteria lack introns while many eukaryotic genes contain many of these intervening sequences.
  • Carnivores have more teeth that are specialized for ripping food while herbivores have more teeth that are specialized for grinding food.
  • Plants generally use starch molecules for storage while animals use glycogen and fats for storage.

Question 10

Question
Arctic foxes typically have a white coat in the winter. In summer, when there is no snow on the ground, the foxes typically have a darker coat. Which of the following is most likely responsible for the seasonal change in coat color?
Answer
  • The decrease in the amount of daylight in winter causes a change in gene expression, which results in the foxes growing a lighter-appearing coat.
  • The diet of the foxes in summer lacks a particular nutrient, which causes the foxes to loose their white coat and grow a darker-colored coat.
  • Competition for mates in the spring causes each fox to increase its camouflage with the environment by producing a darker-appearing coat.
  • The lower temperatures in winter denature the pigment molecules in the arctic fox coat, causing the coat to become lighter in color.

Question 11

Question
The endocrine system incorporates feedback mechanisms that maintain homeostasis. Which of the following demonstrates negative feedback by the endocrine system?
Answer
  • During labor, the fetus exerts pressure on the uterine wall, inducing the production of oxytocin, which stimulates uterine wall contraction. The contractions cause the fetus to further push on the wall, increasing the production of oxytocin.
  • After a meal, blood glucose levels become elevated, stimulating beta cells of the pancreas to release insulin into the blood. Excess glucose is then converted to glycogen in the liver, reducing glucose levels.
  • At high elevation, atmospheric oxygen is most scarce. In response to signals that oxygen is low, the brain decreases an individual's rate of respiration to compensation for the difference.
  • A transcription factor binds to the regulatory region of a gene, blocking the binding of another transcription factor required for expression.

Question 12

Question
The mechanism of action of many common medications involves interfering with the normal pathways that cells use to respond to hormone signals. Which of the following best describes a drug interaction that directly interferes with a signal transduction pathway?
Answer
  • A medication causes the cell to absorb more of a particular mineral, eventually poisoning the cell.
  • A medication enters the target cell and inhibits an enzyme that normally synthesizes a second messenger.
  • A medication enters the target cell's nucleus and acts as a mutagen .
  • A medication interrupts the transcription of ribosomal RNA genes.

Question 13

Question
Experimental evidence shows that the process of glycolysis is present and virtually identical in organisms from all three domains, Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Which of the following hypotheses could be best supported by this evidence?
Answer
  • All organisms carry out glycolysis in mitochondria.
  • Glycolysis is a universal energy-releasing process and therefore suggest a common ancestor for all forms of life.
  • Across the three domains, all organisms solely depend on the process of anaerobic respiration for ATP production.
  • The presence of glycolysis as an energy-releasing process in all organisms suggest that convergent evolution occurred.

Question 14

Question
A human kidney filters through about 200 liters of blood each day . Approximately two liters of liquid and nutrient wastes are excreted as urine. The remaining fluid and dissolved substances are reabsorbed and continue to circulate throughout the body. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted in response to reduced plasma volume. ADH targets the collecting ducts in the kidney, stimulating the insertion of aquaporins into their plasma membranes and an increased reabsorption of water. If ADH secretion is inhibited, which of the following would initially result?
Answer
  • The number of aquaporins would increase in response to the inhibition of ADH.
  • The person would decrease oral water intake to compensate for the inhibition of ADH.
  • Blood filtration would increase to compensate for the lack of aquaporins.
  • The person would produce greater amounts of dilute urine.

Question 15

Question
Sickle-cell anemia results from a point mutation in the HBB gene. The mutation results in the replacement of an amino acid that has a hydrophilic R-group with an amino acid that has a hydrophobic R-group on the exterior of the hemoglobin protein. Such a mutation would most likely result in altered....
Answer
  • properties of the molecule as a result of abnormal interactions between adjacent hemoglobin molecules.
  • DNA structure as a result of abnormal hydrogen bonding between nitrogenous bases.
  • fatty acid structure as a result of changes in ionic interactions between adjacent fatty acids.
  • protein secondary structure as a result of abnormal hydrophobic interactions between R-groups in the backbone of the protein.
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