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Unit 4 Endocrine MCQ test

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Principles and animal form and fucntion (Unit 4 Endocrine system) Quiz on Unit 4 Endocrine MCQ test, created by Jack Fawsitt on 05/12/2016.
Jack Fawsitt
Quiz by Jack Fawsitt, updated more than 1 year ago
Jack Fawsitt
Created by Jack Fawsitt over 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Cortisol inhibition of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) secretion is an example of?
Answer
  • paracine action
  • endocrine action
  • autocrine action
  • neurocrine action

Question 2

Question
The anterior pituitary receives hypothalamic input via:
Answer
  • the hypothalamo-physio-portal blood system
  • nervous innervation
  • paracrine inhibition by the pars nervosa
  • neurocrine stimulation

Question 3

Question
Production of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) occurs within:
Answer
  • thyrotroph cells
  • C cells
  • thyroglobulin
  • mitochondria
  • thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) neurons

Question 4

Question
Which of the following symptoms might be observed in a patient with an activating mutation in the adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH) receptor?:
Answer
  • decreased prolactin secretion
  • elevated cortisol production
  • absent Synacthen response
  • Bothelevated cortisol production and absent Synacthen response
  • Both decreased prolactin secretion and absent Synacthen response

Question 5

Question
Gonadectomy (removal of either testes or ovaries) would result in:
Answer
  • elevated gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) production
  • elevated luteinising hormone production (LH)
  • gonadotroph hyperplasia
  • All of the possible answers
  • None of these answers

Question 6

Question
Prostaglandins normally exert their biological effects via:
Answer
  • nuclear hormone receptors
  • tyrosine kinase receptors
  • immunoglobulin receptors
  • ion channels
  • G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)

Question 7

Question
Mutations in the Pit-1 gene could cause disruption in the development of:
Answer
  • somatotroph and thyrotroph cells
  • pancreatic b cells
  • gonadotroph and thyrotroph cells
  • somatostatin neurons
  • pancreatic a cells

Question 8

Question
The processing of which two peptide hormones requires the proconvertase enzymes, PC1 and PC2?:
Answer
  • insulin and adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH)
  • insulin and prolactin
  • prolactin and somatostatin
  • ACTH and prolactin
  • prolactin and growth hormone (GH)

Question 9

Question
What binds to unoccupied glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) to prevent their translocation to the nucleus?:
Answer
  • heat shock proteins
  • lipid molecules
  • mineralocorticoids
  • other unoccupied GRs
  • unoccupied mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs)

Question 10

Question
What confounding issue renders the measurement of circulating cortisol inconclusive?:
Answer
  • cortisol is secreted at different levels throughout the day
  • the presence of binding proteins
  • thyroxine cross-reacts in the cortisol radioimmunoassay
  • insufficient concentrations of cortisol are secreted for accurate measurement
  • the absence of binding proteins

Question 11

Question
The major physiological regulator of aldosterone synthesis and secretion is:
Answer
  • the renin-angiotensin system
  • catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla
  • oestradiol
  • cortisol
  • calcium excretion

Question 12

Question
Mutations in the orphan nuclear receptor Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) gene can cause:
Answer
  • absent renal development
  • absent pancreatic development
  • elevated luteinising hormone (LH) secretion
  • decreased PRL secretion
  • absent adrenal development

Question 13

Question
Which two of the following peptide hormones are composed of less than 15 amino acids in their mature form?
Answer
  • insulin and growth hormone (GH)
  • GnRH and TRH
  • thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) and GH
  • GH and gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)
  • GnRH and insulin

Question 14

Question
A receptor that couples to a Gas G-protein will directly activate:
Answer
  • tyrosine kinase activity
  • protein kinase G
  • adenylyl cyclase activity
  • protein kinase C
  • none of the above

Question 15

Question
The proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene encodes which of the following peptide hormones?:
Answer
  • adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH)
  • melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
  • aMSH
  • all of the answers
  • b-Endorphin

Question 16

Question
The range of temperatures in a species preferred optimum temperature zone (POTZ) is essential in the captive environment because:
Answer
  • reptiles are homeothermic
  • not all systems function optimally at the same temperature
  • reptiles are endothermic
  • males need a lower temperature for spermatogenesis
  • higher temperatures are necessary for hormone production

Question 17

Question
Amphibians are considered to be ‘cold-blooded’ because the major influence on their body temperate is external. However this term is inappropriate and amphibians should be defined as:
Answer
  • Poikilothermic
  • Endothermic
  • Homeothermic
  • Warm-blooded
  • Homothermic

Question 18

Question
What makes up the posterior pituitary?
Answer
  • Pars nervosa known as the neurohypophysis
  • Pars tuberalis, pars distalis and pars intermedia known as the adenohypophysis
  • Pars tuberalis, pars distalis and pars intermedia known as the neurphypophysis
  • Pars nervosa known as the adenohypophysis

Question 19

Question
What makes up the anterior pituitary?
Answer
  • Pars tuberalis, pars distalis and pars intermedia known as the adenohypophysis
  • Pars nervosa known as the neurohypophysis
  • Pars tuberalis, pars distalis and pars intermedia known as the neurohypophysis
  • Pars nervosa known as the adenohypophysis

Question 20

Question
From what germ cell layers does the pars distalis and pars nervosa develop from respectively?
Answer
  • Ectoderm and neuro-ectoderm
  • Neuro-ectoderm and ectoderm
  • Mesoderm only
  • Endoderm only

Question 21

Question
The adrenal gland releases aldosterone from which zona?
Answer
  • Zona glomerulosa
  • Zona fasciculata
  • Zona reticularis
  • Adrena medulla

Question 22

Question
The adrenal gland secretes cortisol primarily from which zone?
Answer
  • Zona fasciiculata
  • Zona glomerulosa
  • Zone reticularis
  • Adrenal medulla

Question 23

Question
The adrenal gland secretes the adrenal androgens from which zone?
Answer
  • Zona reticularis
  • Zona glomerulosa
  • Zona fasciculata
  • Adrenal medulla

Question 24

Question
The adrenal gland secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine from which zone?
Answer
  • Adrenal medulla
  • Zona glomerulosa
  • Zona fasciculata
  • Zona reticularis

Question 25

Question
Which chain in the glycoprotein peptide hormones are identical?
Answer
  • Alpha subunits
  • Beta subunits

Question 26

Question
Which class of steroids is cortisol and aldosterone?
Answer
  • Corticosteroids (C21)
  • Progestagens (C21)
  • Androgens (C19)
  • Oestrogens (C18)

Question 27

Question
The cholesterol enter mitochondria during steroid biosynthetic pathway from action of...?
Answer
  • StAR (Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein)
  • Steroidogenic Factor 1
  • Heat shock proteins
  • cAMP

Question 28

Question
Which hormones are derived from tyrosine?
Answer
  • Adrenaline and noradrenaline
  • Dopamine
  • T3/T4
  • All of the above

Question 29

Question
Which lipid soluble hormone(s) exert their effects on plasma membrane receptor?
Answer
  • Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes (the Eicosanoids)
  • T3/T4
  • Cortisol
  • Aldosterone

Question 30

Question
Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid) and Cortisol (Glucocorticoids) are structurally similar and so can bind to each other's receptors. How is this overcome?
Answer
  • 11 beta hydroxyl steroid D enzyme converts cortisol to inactive cortisone which won't activate the aldosterone receptor
  • 11 beta hydroxyl steroid D enzyme converts aldosterone to inactive aldostisone which won't activate the cortisol receptor

Question 31

Question
The anabolic actions of cortisol involves what and occurs where?
Answer
  • Glycogenesis, gluconeogeneis and protein synthesis in the liver
  • Glycogenesis, gluconeogeneis and protein synthesis in muscle and fat cells

Question 32

Question
The catabolic actions of cortisol involve what and occur where?
Answer
  • Protein breakdown and lipolyis in muscle and fat cells
  • Protein breakdown and lipolyis in brain

Question 33

Question
Dexamethazone is used to test? Inhibits ACTH from anterior pituitary and CRH from hypothalamus.
Answer
  • Primary hyperadrenocorticism
  • Primary Hyperaldosteronism
  • Secondary Hyperaldosteronism
  • Corticotrophenioma tumour

Question 34

Question
Where are these hormones secreted from? Oxytocin and ADH
Answer
  • Posterior pituitary
  • Anterior pituitary
  • Hypothalamus
  • Adrenal gland
  • Thyroid

Question 35

Question
Where are these hormones secreted from? LH & FSH, GH, TSH, Prolactin and ACTH
Answer
  • Anterior pituitary hormone
  • Posterior pituitary hormone
  • Hypothalamus
  • Thyroid
  • Adrenal gland

Question 36

Question
Out of all the hypothalmus hormone secretions which one is the only one classed as catecholamine hormone whilst all the others are peptide?
Answer
  • Dopamine
  • GnRH
  • GHRH
  • SST
  • TRH
  • CRH

Question 37

Question
The hormones of hypothalamus all act on GPCR.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 38

Question
The posterior pituitary has no neural connections with hypothalamus and so hormones from the hypothalamus are transported via the hypothalamo-pituitary portal vessels
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 39

Question
Which hormone below is NOT released from the thyroid gland?
Answer
  • Calcitonin
  • Tri-iodothryonine
  • Thyroxine
  • PTH

Question 40

Question
Which one of these transcription factors is involved with thyroid development?
Answer
  • Pax8
  • Foxe1
  • All the answers
  • Hhex

Question 41

Question
The thyroid hormones are regulated to increase their activity by?
Answer
  • Phosphorylation
  • Sumoylation- binding sumoproteins to to the nuclear thyroid receptors
  • Increased secretion
  • Increased binding to thyroid binding proteins

Question 42

Question
The thyroid hormones are regulated to decrease their activity by?
Answer
  • Phosphorylation
  • Sumoylation- binding sumoproeins to nuclear thyroid hormones
  • Decreased secretion
  • Increased binding to thyroid binding proteins

Question 43

Question
IgG binding to or near TSH receptors causing an increase in cAMP activating TSH signalling leading to hyperthyroidism is known as what?
Answer
  • Graves' disease
  • Hashimoto's disease
  • Addison's disease
  • Cushing's syndrome

Question 44

Question
Thyroid hyperplasia and lymphocytic infiltration leading to loss of thyroid function leading to Hypothyroidism is known as what?
Answer
  • Grave's disease
  • Hashimoto's disease
  • Cushing's syndrome
  • Addison's disease

Question 45

Question
Heat produced from metabolism:
Answer
  • Endothermy
  • Homeothermy
  • Tachmetabolism
  • Ectothermy
  • Heterothermy/ poikilothermy
  • Bradymetabolism

Question 46

Question
Constant body temperature:
Answer
  • Homeothermy
  • Endothermy
  • Tachmetabolism
  • Ectothermy
  • Heterothermy/poikilothermy
  • Bradymetabolism

Question 47

Question
High metabolism:
Answer
  • Tachmetabolism
  • Endothermy
  • Homeothermy
  • Ectothermy
  • Heterothermy/poikilothermy
  • Bradymetabolism

Question 48

Question
Heat from exogenous sources:
Answer
  • Ectothermy
  • Endothermy
  • Homeothermy
  • Tachmetabolism
  • Heterothermy/poikilothermy
  • Bradymetabolism

Question 49

Question
Body temperature fluctuates:
Answer
  • Heterothermy/poikilothermy
  • Endothermy
  • Homeothermy
  • Tachmetabolism
  • Ectothermy
  • Bradymetabolism

Question 50

Question
Low metabolism:
Answer
  • Bradymetabolism
  • Ectothermy
  • Heterothermy/poikilothermy
  • Endothermy
  • Homeothermy
  • Tachmetabolism

Question 51

Question
Whats the one main advantage Heterothermy/poikilothermys have over homeothermias?
Answer
  • Need to eat less often
  • Longer duration of activity
  • Can perform actions throughout different times of day
  • Protection against infection as it is too hot for many pathogens such as fungi

Question 52

Question
Stress leukogram blood test for someone with high cortisol will show what?
Answer
  • High neutrophils, low esoinophils, low lymphocytes and High platelets
  • Low neutrophils, low esoinophils, low lymphocytes and low platelets
  • High neutrophils, high esoinophils, low lymphocytes and low platelets
  • High neutrophils, low esoinophils, high lymphocytes and low platelets
  • High neutrophils, high esoinophils, high lymphocytes and high platelets
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