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SCR16-18

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16-18
Ab Cek
Quiz by Ab Cek, updated more than 1 year ago
Ab Cek
Created by Ab Cek over 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What is the minimum number of people required to constitute organized crime, according to the Criminal Code definition?
Answer
  • Two or more Canada residents.
  • Three or more Canadian residents.
  • Three or more persons in or outside Canada.
  • Two or more persons.

Question 2

Question
Table 16.1 identifies numerous characteristics of organized crime, all of which are collectively grouped into four categories. Which of the following is not one of these categories?
Answer
  • Institutional.
  • Rational.
  • Commercial.
  • Structural/organizational.

Question 3

Question
In his seminal study of criminal groups in New York City, Ianni (1974) identified two basic forms of relationships among individuals involved in organized crime. Which of the following terms does he apply to criminal conspiracies that are held together by business relationships among members?
Answer
  • Entrepreneurial.
  • Syndicated.
  • Hierarchical.
  • Associational.

Question 4

Question
Which of the following distinguishes organized crime from terrorism?
Answer
  • The existence of an organizational structure.
  • The use of violence.
  • International operations.
  • The pursuit of financial or material benefits as its main motivation.

Question 5

Question
Which of these criminal activities can be considered both a predatory and a consensual crime?
Answer
  • The counterfeiting and sale of digital entertainment products.
  • Stock market manipulation.
  • Fraud.
  • Kidnapping for ransom.

Question 6

Question
Which of the following is not generally considered a consensual organized criminal activity?
Answer
  • Extortion.
  • Prostitution.
  • Drug trafficking.
  • Gambling.

Question 7

Question
Which of the following is not one of the dominant organized crime genres in Canada identified in the textbook?
Answer
  • Nigerian.
  • Aboriginal.
  • Russian.
  • Italian.

Question 8

Question
The term La Cosa Nostra refers to which of the following?
Answer
  • The Sicilian Mafia in Italy.
  • Turkish–American organized crime.
  • Italian–American organized crime.
  • The Columbian Mafia in the US.

Question 9

Question
The term “vory v zakone” is a part of what organized crime genre?
Answer
  • Russian organized crime.
  • Vietnamese organized crime.
  • Outlaw motorcycle gangs.
  • Italian organized crime.

Question 10

Question
What country has the highest number of Hells Angels members per capita, according to the textbook?
Answer
  • Mexico.
  • United States.
  • Canada.
  • England.

Question 11

Question
What is the dominant illegal activity carried out by Aboriginal organized crime in central Canada?
Answer
  • Smuggling.
  • Prostitution.
  • Gambling.
  • Fraud.

Question 12

Question
What theory concerning the origin and structure of organized crime in North America was forcefully promoted by the US Senate Committee headed by Senator Kefauver?
Answer
  • Patron–client theory.
  • Alien conspiracy theory.
  • Group conflict theory.
  • Ethnic succession theory.

Question 13

Question
Jewish gangsters were overrepresented among drug traffickers in Quebec during the 1920s. At the same time, it is largely acknowledged that anti–Semitism was widespread in that province. Based on these facts, which of the following theories best explains the rise of the Jewish gangster in Quebec?
Answer
  • Alien conspiracy theory.
  • Routine activities theory.
  • Ethnic succession theory.
  • Interactionist theory.

Question 14

Question
What is the term used by the textbook to describe how organized crime arises from the criminalization of a good or vice by the state?
Answer
  • Ethnic succession theory.
  • Neo–classical theory.
  • Strain theory.
  • Public policy impetus.

Question 15

Question
Which of the following is not one of the models proposed to describe the structure of an organized crime group?
Answer
  • The syndicate model.
  • The interactionist model.
  • The kinship model.
  • The bureaucratic/hierarchical model.

Question 16

Question
Which of the following models describes organized crime as involving a fluid and loosely knit network of like– minded criminal entrepreneurs, none of whom has any long–term authority over the others?
Answer
  • Kinship model.
  • Network model.
  • Bureaucratic/hierarchical model.
  • Patron–client model.

Question 17

Question
Which of the following best describes the costs of white–collar crime to society, compared to street crime?
Answer
  • It is a little more costly in dollar terms.
  • It is less costly in dollar terms.
  • It is much more costly in dollar terms.
  • It is about the same in terms of societal costs.

Question 18

Question
What is the distinction drawn between occupational crime and organizational crime?
Answer
  • Occupational crime is committed by the higher class, organizational crime by the lower class.
  • Occupational crime is committed to advance the goals of a business or corporation; people in positions of trust commit organizational crime.
  • Occupational crime is committed by the lower class, organizational crime by the higher class.
  • People commit occupational crime for personal gain, while organizational crime is committed to advance the goals of a business or corporation.

Question 19

Question
The chief accountant of a law firm writes cheques to herself, withdrawing funds from clients’ accounts. What is this an example of?
Answer
  • Occupational crime.
  • Corporate crime.
  • Executive disengagement.
  • Organizational crime.

Question 20

Question
What are crimes committed on behalf of corporations called?
Answer
  • Occupational crimes.
  • Professional crimes.
  • White–collar crimes.
  • Organizational crimes.

Question 21

Question
Why is white–collar crime related to class position?
Answer
  • Unlike street crimes, white–collar crime is committed exclusively by those in the middle class.
  • White–collar positions carry a level of power that provides employees with freedom from control, which may be criminogenic.
  • The lower someone ranks in their graduating class from business school, the higher the chance they will commit a white–collar crime.
  • Individuals who lack business school education do not have the knowledge it takes to commit most white–collar crimes.

Question 22

Question
What does the legal concept of a “juristic person” refer to?
Answer
  • The concept of intention or mens rea.
  • The legal principle that businesses are to be treated as individuals.
  • Equality before the law.
  • Judges and other members of the court.

Question 23

Question
Which of the following terms refers to the custom by which lower–level employees assume that executives are best left uninformed of certain decisions and actions of employees?
Answer
  • Executive disengagement.
  • Insider trading.
  • Management liability.
  • Juristic person.

Question 24

Question
What term does the textbook use when referring to a legitimate economic market that is structured in such a way that it tends to produce criminal behaviour?
Answer
  • Corporate anomie.
  • Juristic disengagement.
  • Underground economy.
  • Criminogenic market structure.

Question 25

Question
Earl Jones and Bernie Madoff where both responsible for orchestrating series investment frauds. According to the textbook both individuals were involved in:
Answer
  • Accounting fraud.
  • Insider auditor fraud.
  • Bookkeeping fraud.
  • Ponzi fraud.

Question 26

Question
According to a survey of judges by Mann et al. (1980), why do corporate offenders receive relatively light sentences?
Answer
  • They have very good lawyers.
  • Judges and corporate executives come from the same upper–class background.
  • They have done little harm.
  • Judges believe they have suffered sufficiently through apprehension, public indictment, and conviction.

Question 27

Question
Which of the following is not an example of an Occupational Crime?
Answer
  • A doctor who overbills an insurance provider
  • A company that knowingly misreports quarterly profits.
  • A pharmacist who sells counterfeit medicine
  • A cashier who discounts items for his/her friends

Question 28

Question
Which of the following terms is used to refer to criminal and unethical behaviour by professional practitioners, such as doctors?
Answer
  • Ponzi schemes.
  • Occupational criminal practising.
  • Price–fixing.
  • Unprofessional conduct and malpractice.

Question 29

Question
All of the following are common forms of investment and securities fraud, except one. Which is the exception?
Answer
  • Pump and dump.
  • Ponzi scheme.
  • Extortion.
  • Insider trading.

Question 30

Question
People who work in the justice system sometimes break the rules or exhibit incompetence. A good example of this incompetency is the case of David Milgaard. According to the textbook, the Milgaard case is an example of:
Answer
  • Racial Profiling
  • White Collar Crime
  • Wrongful Convictions
  • Political Corruption

Question 31

Question
After visiting over 150 Canadian Auto Repair shops Robert Sikorsky (1990) concluded that a significant portion of these businesses overcharged and provided unnecessary repairs. According to the textbook, this is an example of:
Answer
  • Political Corruption
  • Criminogenic disregard.
  • White–Collar Crime
  • Blue–Collar Crime

Question 32

Question
Which of the following can best be described as phishing?
Answer
  • Using an Internet connection to access social media, chat rooms, or other places of electronic assembly to make contact with a child or person under 16 to meet for sexual purposes.
  • The attempt to remotely circumvent the security or privacy measures of an Internet website in order to either steal information or carry out other malicious actions against the owner of the website.
  • When a fraudster sends an e–mail purportedly from a bank requesting information on the recipient’s bank account with the intention of stealing money from that account.
  • The use of specially designed software to download original material from a protected media source (e.g., online movie) to a hard disk, for the purposes of illegal resale or redistribution.

Question 33

Question
Which of the following terms refer to the use of specially designed software to download original material from a protected media source (e.g., online movie) to a hard disk, for the purposes of resale or redistribution?
Answer
  • Ripping.
  • Skimming.
  • Spamming.
  • Phishing.

Question 34

Question
Which of the following terms refer to attempts to remotely circumvent the security or privacy measures of an Internet website in order to either steal information or to carry out other malicious actions against the owner of the website?
Answer
  • Spamming.
  • Phishing.
  • Skimming.
  • Hacking.

Question 35

Question
Which of the following can best be described as skimming?
Answer
  • Sending an e–mail purportedly from a bank requesting information on the recipient’s bank account with the intention of stealing money from that account.
  • Attempting to remotely circumvent the security or privacy measures of an Internet website in order to either steal information or to carry out other malicious actions against the owner of the website.
  • Sending unsolicited and unwanted bulk e–mail messages to other users.
  • Using software and hardware to steal data (usually related to credit cards) by intercepting e–transmissions, which will enable the cloning or counterfeiting of specific financial instruments (credit cards, bank cards, etc.) for the purposes of theft and fraud.

Question 36

Question
Which of the following best represents the term cybercrime?
Answer
  • Crimes that differentiate online institutional targets from human ones.
  • Crimes committed by cyborgs.
  • Online crimes that are largely analogous to offline crimes of violence and sexual offending.
  • Any criminal, deviant, or terrorist act that takes place over the Internet.

Question 37

Question
Which of the following terms refers to the use a computer to orchestrate large–scale “attacks on information,” including government or critical infrastructure servers or any database of interest to national security?
Answer
  • Cyberterrorism.
  • Cybertrafficking.
  • Cyberdeviance.
  • Cybercrime.

Question 38

Question
Computer–based criminal offences committed against financial institutions or government agencies tend to fall under blanket terms such as cyberespionage or cyberterrorism. Which of the following is not common to each of these?
Answer
  • Hacking is often central to these cyberattacks.
  • They both attack human targets.
  • They both require the use of technology, such as a computer and Internet access.
  • They both attack institutional targets, not human targets.

Question 39

Question
What is it called when a number of disparate users within a virtual space follow the lead of a cyberbully and publicly gang up on a single victim by sending harassing and humiliating communications?
Answer
  • Cyberbullying.
  • Cybermassacre.
  • Flashmobbing.
  • Cybermobbing.

Question 40

Question
Secretly watching others (offline) without their consent to foster a sense of arousal (also called voyeurism) is analogous to what in the digital (online) world?
Answer
  • The use of a smartphone for the purposes of sexting.
  • The use of a smartphone to make obscene phone calls.
  • The use of a smartphone to secretly record or photograph people.
  • Trolling the Internet to download digital pictures of people.

Question 41

Question
The subcultural networks of people who seek to circumvent the customary user experiences of websites are best described as:
Answer
  • Deviant cybercommunties
  • Internet pirates
  • Cyberbullies
  • Scatologia
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