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Anatomy and Physiology Lectures 3 and 4

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Anatomy and Physiology Review Test for Lectures 3 and 4. Enter all numbers in numerical format.
Maria McGurrin
Quiz by Maria McGurrin, updated more than 1 year ago
Maria McGurrin
Created by Maria McGurrin about 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Impaired Production of water fluid from the airway epithelium is known as [blank_start]cystic fibrosis[blank_end].
Answer
  • cystic fibrosis

Question 2

Question
The thorax is a closed compartment bounded at the neck by muscles and connective tissue and completely separated from the abdomen by a large, dome shaped sheet of skeletal muscle called the [blank_start]diaphragm[blank_end].
Image:
65ae5f84-1be5-4c25-b1da-c4565c35fbdc (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • diaphragm

Question 3

Question
Type II alveolar cells secrete a detergent like substance known as [blank_start]surfactant[blank_end] that is important for preventing the collapse of the alveoli.
Answer
  • surfactant

Question 4

Question
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures states that the partial pressure of each gas is directly proportional to its percentage in the mixture. Nitrogen is commonly represented at [blank_start]78.8[blank_end] % of the total mixture.
Answer
  • 78.8

Question 5

Question
In a normal situation the alveoli contain a higher concentration of [blank_start]carbon dioxide[blank_end] and water vapor in comparison to the atmosphere.
Answer
  • carbon dioxide

Question 6

Question
Alveoli enable extreme increase in [blank_start]surface area[blank_end] and a [blank_start]short[blank_end] diffusion path to [blank_start]enhance[blank_end] diffusive gas exchange.
Image:
bb924395-a1ff-4fae-9a19-35392c4951ef (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • surface area
  • short
  • enhance

Question 7

Question
Respiratory pressure is always described relative to [blank_start]atmospheric pressure[blank_end].
Answer
  • atmospheric pressure

Question 8

Question
Pneumothorax is caused by the equalization of [blank_start]intrapleural[blank_end] pressure with intrapulmonary pressure.
Answer
  • intrapleural

Question 9

Question
[blank_start]Intrapleural pressure[blank_end] is what keeps the lungs open and not flattened.
Image:
58c9ba2b-3dd9-4c5b-a6cd-5544f19f63b9 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Intrapleural pressure

Question 10

Question
Boyles Law is the relationship between the [blank_start]pressure[blank_end] and volume of gases at a constant temperature.
Answer
  • pressure

Question 11

Question
In a healthy individual, energy is only required for expiration while [blank_start]exercising[blank_end].
Answer
  • exercising

Question 12

Question
The [blank_start]phrenic nerve[blank_end] is responsible for stimulating the diaphragm, which causes it to move inferiorly as it contracts during [blank_start]inspiration[blank_end].
Image:
d40e75b6-7208-4bca-9e9e-2277a9012b49 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • phrenic nerve
  • inspiration

Question 13

Question
Pulmonary Fibrosis (pictured) is a disease where the normal tissues in the lungs are replaced with [blank_start]scar tissue[blank_end], which is less [blank_start]elastic[blank_end]; it also increases the [blank_start]thickness[blank_end] of the alveoli.
Image:
fdfe5228-b17d-4584-8640-0d1aef37e1d6 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • scar tissue
  • elastic
  • thickness

Question 14

Question
Lung compliance (shown in the graph) is determined by lung volume and [blank_start]transpulmonary pressure[blank_end].
Image:
8c14cebc-5cf4-47e2-abde-130c4efdb8ee (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • transpulmonary pressure

Question 15

Question
Two ways to treat infant respiratory distress syndrome is with [blank_start]synthetic surfactant[blank_end] and putting the infant on a [blank_start]ventilator[blank_end]. Without these, the infant’s lungs will [blank_start]collapse[blank_end] at every breath.
Image:
d313d39d-7b01-4b25-9f00-f5fd7c472d59 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • synthetic surfactant
  • ventilator
  • collapse

Question 16

Question
Flow, [blank_start]pressure[blank_end] and resistance are all physical factors that influence lung ventilation.
Answer
  • pressure

Question 17

Question
The amount of gas flowing into and out of the [blank_start]alveoli[blank_end] is directly proportional to change in [blank_start]pressure[blank_end].
Answer
  • alveoli
  • pressure

Question 18

Question
Because of the bronchoconstriction in asthmatic individuals, there is a [blank_start]2[blank_end] times reduction in radius, resulting in a [blank_start]16[blank_end] times reduction in flow.
Image:
5753d580-1941-441e-8a5c-241077a12a8f (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • 2
  • 16

Question 19

Question
Carbon dioxide can be transported in the blood by dissolving in plasma, chemically bound to [blank_start]hemoglobin[blank_end] and as a bicarbonate ion in plasma.
Answer
  • hemoglobin

Question 20

Question
The respiratory system is one of [blank_start]2[blank_end] major buffering systems in the body, by regulating [blank_start]carbon dioxide[blank_end].
Answer
  • 2
  • carbon dioxide

Question 21

Question
[blank_start]Dyspnea[blank_end], difficult or labored breathing. is a symptom experienced by both those who have asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Answer
  • Dyspnea

Question 22

Question
High fever, night sweats, and weight loss are all symptoms of [blank_start]tuberculosis[blank_end].
Answer
  • tuberculosis

Question 23

Question
The [blank_start]concentration difference[blank_end] and [blank_start]barrier thickness[blank_end] or diffusion path are both needed to calculate the diffusion rate using Fick’s Diffusion Equation.
Answer
  • concentration difference
  • barrier thickness

Question 24

Question
[blank_start]Hypoxemia[blank_end] is a type of hypoxia caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood.
Answer
  • Hypoxemia

Question 25

Question
CO2 is [blank_start]more[blank_end] soluble than H2O
Answer
  • more

Question 26

Question
The partial pressure of CO2 in tissue is [blank_start]higher[blank_end] than the partial pressure of CO2 in the bloodstream
Answer
  • higher

Question 27

Question
A reduced alveolar ventilation causes the partial pressure of carbon dioxide to [blank_start]increase[blank_end] and the partial pressure of oxygen to [blank_start]decrease[blank_end], which prompt pulmonary arterioles to [blank_start]constrict[blank_end].
Answer
  • increase
  • decrease
  • constrict

Question 28

Question
[blank_start]Ischemic[blank_end] hypoxia occurs when blood flow is blocked.
Answer
  • Ischemic

Question 29

Question
The most common way that carbon dioxide is carried in the blood is via the [blank_start]bicarbonate buffer system[blank_end].
Answer
  • bicarbonate buffer system

Question 30

Question
In the bicarbonate buffer system, when a bicarbonate ion moves out a red blood cell, [blank_start]a chloride ion[blank_end] moves into the red blood cell.
Answer
  • a chloride ion

Question 31

Question
Slow, shallow breathing [blank_start]increases[blank_end] the concentration of CO2 in the blood.
Answer
  • increases

Question 32

Question
The ventral respiratory group of the medulla has [blank_start]rhythm generating neurons[blank_end].
Answer
  • rhythm generating neurons

Question 33

Question
[blank_start]Ischemic[blank_end] hypoxia occurs when blood flow is blocked.
Answer
  • Ischemic

Question 34

Question
The most common way that carbon dioxide is carried in the blood is via the [blank_start]bicarbonate buffer system[blank_end].
Answer
  • bicarbonate buffer system

Question 35

Question
In the bicarbonate buffer system, when a bicarbonate ion moves out a red blood cell, [blank_start]a chloride ion[blank_end] moves into the red blood cell.
Answer
  • a chloride ion

Question 36

Question
Slow, shallow breathing [blank_start]increases[blank_end] the concentration of CO2 in the blood.
Answer
  • increases

Question 37

Question
The ventral respiratory group of the medulla has [blank_start]rhythm generating neurons[blank_end].
Answer
  • rhythm generating neurons

Question 38

Question
Muscle glycogen depletion, known colloquially as [blank_start]hitting the wall[blank_end] occurs when the shift to lipid oxidation fails to meet ATP demand, despite adequate O2 supply to the mitochondria. (Lecture 4)
Answer
  • hitting the wall

Question 39

Question
[blank_start]Diastolic blood pressure[blank_end] remains the same during exercise.
Answer
  • Diastolic blood pressure

Question 40

Question
Cardiac output in a trained individual is [blank_start]the same as[blank_end] cardiac output in an untrained individual.
Answer
  • the same as

Question 41

Question
The scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, and erector spinae muscles are examples of [blank_start]inspiratory muscles[blank_end].
Answer
  • inspiratory muscles

Question 42

Question
[blank_start]Aerobic scope[blank_end] is VO2max / resting metabolic rate.
Answer
  • Aerobic scope

Question 43

Question
Cost of transport [blank_start]does not change[blank_end] with training.
Answer
  • does not change

Question 44

Question
Cost of transport [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] with % body fat and [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] with size.
Answer
  • decreases
  • decreases

Question 45

Question
If you exercise above your VO2 max, you create a larger [blank_start]oxygen deficit[blank_end].
Answer
  • oxygen deficit

Question 46

Question
When [blank_start]lipids[blank_end] and carbohydrates are depleted, protein is used as fuel.
Answer
  • lipids

Question 47

Question
In a non-starving individual exercising at a respiratory quotient (RQ) of 85, [blank_start]1/2[blank_end] of their energy is coming from lipids.
Answer
  • 1/2

Question 48

Question
Walking is [blank_start]more[blank_end] energy efficient than running.
Answer
  • more

Question 49

Question
Aerobic scope is [blank_start]higher[blank_end] for animals who are better runners.
Answer
  • higher

Question 50

Question
Once your rate of energy usage exceeds VO2max, you switch to [blank_start]anaerobic respiration[blank_end] and start accumulating [blank_start]lactic acid[blank_end].
Answer
  • anaerobic respiration
  • lactic acid

Question 51

Question
In the figure above, graph A represents [blank_start]cardiac output[blank_end], which is the same regardless of training; graph B represents [blank_start]heart rate[blank_end], which is lower in trained individuals; and graph C represents [blank_start]stroke volume[blank_end], which is lower in untrained individuals.
Image:
32ea3024-f5fa-42ce-8ee7-6fd7136a6b10 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • cardiac output
  • heart rate
  • stroke volume

Question 52

Question
The muscle labeled 'A' is the the [blank_start]external oblique[blank_end] muscle, which is an [blank_start]expiratory[blank_end] muscle.
Image:
7163455f-034d-4f74-b3ef-7f950ca42ecf (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • external oblique
  • expiratory

Question 53

Question
The black line, representing [blank_start]available ATP[blank_end] is the first fuel source used; the blue line, representing [blank_start]PCr (phosphocreatine)[blank_end] is the secondary fuel source; the purple line [blank_start]glycolysis[blank_end] is the tertiary fuel source. [blank_start]Oxydative phosphorylation[blank_end], represented by the red line, takes a time to start producing energy, but is more sustainable.
Image:
233e9302-977f-4f3d-be9b-d3244e0f85ef (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • available ATP
  • PCr (phosphocreatine)
  • glycolysis
  • Oxydative phosphorylation

Question 54

Question
The slope of this line is [blank_start]net cost of transport[blank_end].
Image:
aa3afceb-e8fa-4c79-9375-4ace292777b8 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • net cost of transport

Question 55

Question
Graph [blank_start]B[blank_end] is likely to be more accurate because it controlled for more variables than did graph [blank_start]A[blank_end].
Image:
0c7f9edd-8571-4e29-95bd-802fd5f02da5 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • B
  • A

Question 56

Question
[blank_start]Diffusion rate[blank_end], represented by the red line on the graph, doesn’t change as body mass changes.
Image:
e56b2d96-8ffd-4999-b6d2-1b837cbd02aa (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Diffusion rate

Question 57

Question
This graph is known as a [blank_start]Kleiber curve[blank_end].
Image:
b7fbbddc-c3c9-4515-9d4b-92b003b42966 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Kleiber curve

Question 58

Question
Hemoglobin oxygen affinity goes [blank_start]down[blank_end] when temperature is increased.
Answer
  • down

Question 59

Question
In individuals who exercise regularly, total peripheral resistance [blank_start]decreases[blank_end] and the number of capillary beds around the lungs [blank_start]increases[blank_end].
Answer
  • decreases
  • increases

Question 60

Question
The unlabeled structures in the image to the left are [blank_start]Alveoli[blank_end].
Image:
8a993b04-4fcf-45f4-918d-5f6da1c1ce64 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Alveoli

Question 61

Question
If you exercise close to your VO2 max, you’re burning primarily [blank_start]glycogen[blank_end].
Answer
  • glycogen

Question 62

Question
In a condition known as [blank_start]Pulmonary Edema[blank_end] diffusion of gases between alveoli and capillaries is impaired by some of the alveoli filling with fluid.
Image:
84144314-da08-46a2-9dbb-e70eae6d8cec (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Pulmonary Edema

Question 63

Question
[blank_start]Asthma[blank_end] is a disease treated with leukotriene inhibitors, inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilator drugs.
Image:
b22174c2-d7b0-4600-8fc2-3da4cb1dde81 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Asthma

Question 64

Question
In the image to the left: The blank is pointing to a collection of [blank_start]aortic bodies[blank_end]
Image:
52e33fd4-a5d6-4ded-bf93-1e940de891c2 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • aortic bodies

Question 65

Question
[blank_start]Anemic hypoxia[blank_end] occurs when arterial PO2 is normal but the total oxygen content of the blood is decreased because of inadequate numbers of erythrocytes, deficient or abnormal hemoglobin or competition for the hemoglobin molecule by carbon monoxide.
Answer
  • Anemic hypoxia

Question 66

Question
A group of sensory receptors that are stimulated by strenuous exercise, pulmonary embolism or left ventricular heart failure are known as [blank_start]J receptors[blank_end].
Answer
  • J receptors

Question 67

Question
[blank_start]Squamous cell carcinoma[blank_end] makes up 20% to 40% of all lung cancer cases and arises in the bronchial epithelium.
Image:
f2cfbb37-982c-406c-ae7c-8a718846a5e3 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 68

Question
[blank_start]Obstructive Emphysema[blank_end] is distinguished by permanent enlargement of the alveoli and deterioration of the alveolar walls. This inflammation leads to damage of the pulmonary capillaries.
Image:
ac707ced-88a5-403e-a0b8-9bcdeda7c715 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Obstructive Emphysema

Question 69

Question
The unlabeled structure in the image to the left is [blank_start]ventral respiratory group[blank_end].
Image:
4a48a692-24d5-4d19-9576-e4b2251ab8b2 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • ventral respiratory group
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