1er Test Nanda :-)

Read the following text and do the comprehension questions. The History of Pizza The modern pizza was originally invented in Naples, Italy but the word pizza is Greek in origin, derived from the Greek word pēktos meaning solid or clotted. The ancient Greeks covered their bread with oils, herbs and cheese. The first major innovation that led to flat bread pizza was the use of tomato as a topping. It was common for the poor of the area around Naples to add tomato to their yeast-based flat bread, and so the pizza began. While it is difficult to say for sure who invented the pizza, it is however believed that modern pizza was first made by baker Raffaele Esposito of Naples. In fact, a popular urban legend holds that the archetypal pizza, Pizza Margherita, was invented in 1889, when the Royal Palace of Capodimonte commissioned the Neapolitan pizzaiolo Raffaele Esposito to create a pizza in honor of the visiting Queen Margherita. Of the three different pizzas he created, the Queen strongly preferred a pie swathed in the colors of the Italian flag: red (tomato), green (basil), and white (mozzarella). Supposedly, this kind of pizza was then named after the Queen as Pizza Margherita. Later, the dish has become popular in many parts of the world: - The first pizzeria, Antica Pizzeria Port'Alba, was opened in 1830 in Naples. - In North America, The first pizzeria was opened in 1905 by Gennaro Lombardi at 53 1/3 Spring Street in New York City. - The first Pizza Hut, the chain of pizza restaurants appeared in the United States during the 1930s. Nowadays, many varieties of pizza exist worldwide, along with several dish variants based upon pizza. ***Read the following options, which are FALSE??***

Read the following text and do the comprehension questions. Cristiano Ronaldo Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro, born on February 5th, 1985 and commonly known as Cristiano Ronaldo, is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a forward for Spanish club Real Madrid and serves as captain of the Portuguese national team. Ronaldo currently holds the distinction of being the most expensive player in football history after having transferred to Real Madrid from Manchester United in a deal worth £80 million (€94m, US$132m). His contract with Real Madrid is believed to have made him the highest-paid football player in the world. Ronaldo began his career as a youth player for Andorinha, where he played for two years, then moved to Nacional. In 1997, he made a move to Portuguese giants Sporting CP. Ronaldo's precocious talent caught the attention of Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson and he signed the 18-year-old for £12.24 million in 2003. The following season, Ronaldo won his first club honour, the FA Cup, and reached the Euro 2004 final with Portugal, in which tournament he scored his first international goal. In 2008, Ronaldo won the Champions League with United, and was named player of the tournament. He was named the FIFPro World Player of the Year and the FIFA World Player of the Year, in addition to becoming Manchester United's first Ballon d'Or winner in 40 years. Three-time Ballon d'Or winner Johan Cruyff said in an interview on 2 April 2008, "Ronaldo is better than George Best and Denis Law, who were two brilliant and great players in the history of United." **Question: Ronaldo scored his first international goal in ___________________________**

According to the previous image, Select the options that are TRUE

Read the following text Montana Horse Story A Local Legacy You have probably heard of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. But do you know about the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame, and the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum? If you are from Montana, you probably do. Many Montanans are remembered in these two museums because the horse has played an important part in the state's history, economy, and romantic image. Most of the state is rangeland used in the livestock-ranching industry for the production of beef cattle and sheep. Horses are used to round up the cattle and sheep, so horse riding is a very important skill to have if you live there. Cowboys and cowgirls show off their riding skills at the many rodeos held each year across the state. Several cowgirls from Montana have been inducted (admitted as members) into the National Cowgirl Museum, including cowgirl-photographer Barbara Van Cleve. She is a nationally recognized artist who splits her time between her family ranch, the Lazy K Bar, near Melville, Montana, and her photographic studio in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Another Montanan, Dan Mortensen, was inducted into the Cowboy Museum in 1997. Mortensen is 1997 World All-Around Champion and 1993-1995, 1997 and 1998 World Saddle Bronc Riding Champion in the "Rodeo" category. Question: Which animals are an important part of Montana's economy?

**Este texto pertenece a la pregunta 5 y 6** Read the following text The Great Wall of China Walls and wall building have played a very important role in Chinese culture. These people, from the dim mists of prehistory have been wall-conscious; from the Neolithic period – when ramparts of pounded earth were used - to the Communist Revolution, walls were an essential part of any village. Not only towns and villages; the houses and the temples within them were somehow walled, and the houses also had no windows overlooking the street, thus giving the feeling of wandering around a huge maze. The name for “city” in Chinese (ch’eng) means wall, and over these walled cities, villages, houses and temples presides the god of walls and mounts, whose duties were, and still are, to protect and be responsible for the welfare of the inhabitants. Thus a great and extremely laborious task such as constructing a wall, which was supposed to run throughout the country, must not have seemed such an absurdity. However, it is indeed a common mistake to perceive the Great Wall as a single architectural structure, and it would also be erroneous to assume that it was built during a single dynasty. For the building of the wall spanned the various dynasties, and each of these dynasties somehow contributed to the refurbishing and the construction of a wall, whose foundations had been laid many centuries ago. It was during the fourth and third century B.C. that each warring state started building walls to protect their kingdoms, both against one another and against the northern nomads. Especially three of these states: the Ch’in, the Chao and the Yen, corresponding respectively to the modern provinces of Shensi, Shanzi and Hopei, over and above building walls that surrounded their kingdoms, also laid the foundations on which Ch’in Shih Huang Di would build his first continuous Great Wall. The role that the Great Wall played in the growth of Chinese economy was an important one. Throughout the centuries many settlements were established along the new border. The garrison troops were instructed to reclaim wasteland and to plant crops on it, roads and canals were built, to mention just a few of the works carried out. All these undertakings greatly helped to increase the country’s trade and cultural exchanges with many remote areas and also with the southern, central and western parts of Asia – the formation of the Silk Route. Builders, garrisons, artisans, farmers and peasants left behind a trail of objects, including inscribed tablets, household articles, and written work, which have become extremely valuable archaeological evidence to the study of defence institutions of the Great Wall and the everyday life of these people who lived and died along the wall. Question 1: Chinese cities resembled a maze________________________________________

**Este texto pertenece a la pregunta 5 y 6** Read the following text The Great Wall of China Walls and wall building have played a very important role in Chinese culture. These people, from the dim mists of prehistory have been wall-conscious; from the Neolithic period – when ramparts of pounded earth were used - to the Communist Revolution, walls were an essential part of any village. Not only towns and villages; the houses and the temples within them were somehow walled, and the houses also had no windows overlooking the street, thus giving the feeling of wandering around a huge maze. The name for “city” in Chinese (ch’eng) means wall, and over these walled cities, villages, houses and temples presides the god of walls and mounts, whose duties were, and still are, to protect and be responsible for the welfare of the inhabitants. Thus a great and extremely laborious task such as constructing a wall, which was supposed to run throughout the country, must not have seemed such an absurdity. However, it is indeed a common mistake to perceive the Great Wall as a single architectural structure, and it would also be erroneous to assume that it was built during a single dynasty. For the building of the wall spanned the various dynasties, and each of these dynasties somehow contributed to the refurbishing and the construction of a wall, whose foundations had been laid many centuries ago. It was during the fourth and third century B.C. that each warring state started building walls to protect their kingdoms, both against one another and against the northern nomads. Especially three of these states: the Ch’in, the Chao and the Yen, corresponding respectively to the modern provinces of Shensi, Shanzi and Hopei, over and above building walls that surrounded their kingdoms, also laid the foundations on which Ch’in Shih Huang Di would build his first continuous Great Wall. The role that the Great Wall played in the growth of Chinese economy was an important one. Throughout the centuries many settlements were established along the new border. The garrison troops were instructed to reclaim wasteland and to plant crops on it, roads and canals were built, to mention just a few of the works carried out. All these undertakings greatly helped to increase the country’s trade and cultural exchanges with many remote areas and also with the southern, central and western parts of Asia – the formation of the Silk Route. Builders, garrisons, artisans, farmers and peasants left behind a trail of objects, including inscribed tablets, household articles, and written work, which have become extremely valuable archaeological evidence to the study of defence institutions of the Great Wall and the everyday life of these people who lived and died along the wall. Question 2: The Great Wall of China______________________________________________

**Este texto pertenece a la pregunta 7 y 8** Read the following text Dirty Britain Before the grass has thickened on the roadside verges and leaves have started growing on the trees is a perfect time to look around and see just how dirty Britain has become. The pavements are stained with chewing gum that has been spat out and the gutters are full of discarded fast food cartons. Years ago I remember travelling abroad and being saddened by the plastic bags, discarded bottles and soiled nappies at the edge of every road. Nowadays, Britain seems to look at least as bad. What has gone wrong? The problem is that the rubbish created by our increasingly mobile lives lasts a lot longer than before. If it is not cleared up and properly thrown away, it stays in the undergrowth for years; a semi-permanent reminder of what a tatty little country we have now. Firstly, it is estimated that 10 billion plastic bags have been given to shoppers. These will take anything from 100 to 1,000 years to rot. However, it is not as if there is no solution to this. A few years ago, the Irish government introduced a tax on non-recyclable carrier bags and in three months reduced their use by 90%. When he was a minister, Michael Meacher attempted to introduce a similar arrangement in Britain. The plastics industry protested, of course. However, they need not have bothered; the idea was killed before it could draw breath, leaving supermarkets free to give away plastic bags. What is clearly necessary right now is some sort of combined initiative, both individual and collective, before it is too late. The alternative is to continue sliding downhill until we have a country that looks like a vast municipal rubbish tip. We may well be at the tipping point. Yet we know that people respond to their environment. If things around them are clean and tidy, people behave cleanly and tidily. If they are surrounded by squalor, they behave squalidly. Now, much of Britain looks pretty squalid. What will it look like in five years? Question 1: Michael Meacher_______________________________________________

**Este texto pertenece a la pregunta 7 y 8** Read the following text Dirty Britain Before the grass has thickened on the roadside verges and leaves have started growing on the trees is a perfect time to look around and see just how dirty Britain has become. The pavements are stained with chewing gum that has been spat out and the gutters are full of discarded fast food cartons. Years ago I remember travelling abroad and being saddened by the plastic bags, discarded bottles and soiled nappies at the edge of every road. Nowadays, Britain seems to look at least as bad. What has gone wrong? The problem is that the rubbish created by our increasingly mobile lives lasts a lot longer than before. If it is not cleared up and properly thrown away, it stays in the undergrowth for years; a semi-permanent reminder of what a tatty little country we have now. Firstly, it is estimated that 10 billion plastic bags have been given to shoppers. These will take anything from 100 to 1,000 years to rot. However, it is not as if there is no solution to this. A few years ago, the Irish government introduced a tax on non-recyclable carrier bags and in three months reduced their use by 90%. When he was a minister, Michael Meacher attempted to introduce a similar arrangement in Britain. The plastics industry protested, of course. However, they need not have bothered; the idea was killed before it could draw breath, leaving supermarkets free to give away plastic bags. What is clearly necessary right now is some sort of combined initiative, both individual and collective, before it is too late. The alternative is to continue sliding downhill until we have a country that looks like a vast municipal rubbish tip. We may well be at the tipping point. Yet we know that people respond to their environment. If things around them are clean and tidy, people behave cleanly and tidily. If they are surrounded by squalor, they behave squalidly. Now, much of Britain looks pretty squalid. What will it look like in five years? Question 2: According to the writer, things used to be___________________________

Read the following text and fill in the blanks Penguins Penguins are among the most popular of all birds. They only live in and around the [blank_start]South Pole[blank_end] and the continent of Antarctica. No wild penguins live at the North Pole. There are many different [blank_start]kinds[blank_end] of penguins. The largest penguin is called the Emperor Penguin, and the smallest kind of penguin is the Little Blue Penguin. There are 17 different kinds of penguins in all, and none of them [blank_start]can fly[blank_end]. Penguins have to be able to survive in the some of the Earth's [blank_start]coldest[blank_end] and [blank_start]windiest[blank_end] conditions. They are great [blank_start]swimmers[blank_end] and have thick layers of fat to protect them from the bitter cold. Even in their freezing cold habitats, penguins still have to watch out for [blank_start]predators[blank_end] such as killer whales and seals.

Read the following recipe. Select the options that are TRUE

**Este texto pertenece a la pregunta 11 y 12** Read the following text Safety At The Sea Forget razor fish. The lesser weever is the fish to look out for on British beaches. The fish, which has venomous spines on its gills and dorsal fin, is common in many areas of the UK, including the Cardigan Bay area of Wales. It lies virtually buried in the sand with just its mouth and fin exposed, a trap for hapless fishermen and beachgoers wading around in the shallows. If you stand on a weever fish, you are likely to feel a sharp prick-like sensation which gets worse and spreads along your leg, often causing swelling. Allergy Many people have an allergic reaction to the fish and may start to sweat, develop a rapid pulse and feel nauseous as the poison gets further into the body. Some people collapse as a result. Others can develop chest pain, although the sting is not fatal. People who have been stung should take painkillers and if they develop an allergic reaction to the sting, a course of antihistamines is recommended. Other common poisonous fish on Britain's beaches include jelly fish and the stingray, which, if disturbed, can use its tail to venomous effect. Sea currents But fish are the least of your worries on the beach. The force of the sea is much more dangerous than anything swimming about inside it. Over the weekend, two people nearly drowned in the Bournemouth area after getting out of their depth swimming. One was just 16 years old. They are both now in stable condition in hospital. "We were much more hit by that than sunburn cases where the message seems to be getting home," said a spokesman for the Royal Bournemouth Hospital. In other areas, the situation was less dramatic with a handful of sunburn and sprained ankles reported in other sunspots, including Cornwall, Blackpool and Brighton. Coastguards are warning the public not to swim if there is a red flag flying on a beach and to find out about local tides and currents. Safe swimming The Coastguard Agency says people should not swim if they feel unwell, for at least an hour after a meal, if they have been drinking alcohol or if they are cold and tired. They also warn against swimming alone, swimming too far out to sea and snorkling if you have breathing problems. And you should avoid cliff edges, even on gentle slopes, when they have been dampened by sea spray. One organisation that aims to help swimmers who get into trouble is the UK's answer to Baywatch, the Surf Lifesaving Association of Great Britain. Founded in 1955 and based on an idea originated in Australia, it now has 81 branches and has made 17,500 rescues. The association has three types of member: Nippers (aged eight to 12), Junior (aged 12 to 16) and Seniors and Masters. Its motto is 'Vigilance and Service'. All members are surfers trained in lifesaving skills. They paddle out across the waves to save struggling swimmers. Most of their money comes from fundraising events, but local councils also provide some funding. Another danger on the beach is pollution. A recent survey of UK beaches showed more than 10% are failing to meet minimum standards for clean water. The Marine Conservation Society said raw sewage was still being pumped into the sea in some areas and was findiing its way onto beaches. But the water companies say the society's standards are too tough and that 90% of British beaches pass European standards. Question 1: Why does the Coastguard Agency suggest people keep away from cliffs?

**Este texto pertenece a la pregunta 11 y 12** Read the following text Safety At The Sea Forget razor fish. The lesser weever is the fish to look out for on British beaches. The fish, which has venomous spines on its gills and dorsal fin, is common in many areas of the UK, including the Cardigan Bay area of Wales. It lies virtually buried in the sand with just its mouth and fin exposed, a trap for hapless fishermen and beachgoers wading around in the shallows. If you stand on a weever fish, you are likely to feel a sharp prick-like sensation which gets worse and spreads along your leg, often causing swelling. Allergy Many people have an allergic reaction to the fish and may start to sweat, develop a rapid pulse and feel nauseous as the poison gets further into the body. Some people collapse as a result. Others can develop chest pain, although the sting is not fatal. People who have been stung should take painkillers and if they develop an allergic reaction to the sting, a course of antihistamines is recommended. Other common poisonous fish on Britain's beaches include jelly fish and the stingray, which, if disturbed, can use its tail to venomous effect. Sea currents But fish are the least of your worries on the beach. The force of the sea is much more dangerous than anything swimming about inside it. Over the weekend, two people nearly drowned in the Bournemouth area after getting out of their depth swimming. One was just 16 years old. They are both now in stable condition in hospital. "We were much more hit by that than sunburn cases where the message seems to be getting home," said a spokesman for the Royal Bournemouth Hospital. In other areas, the situation was less dramatic with a handful of sunburn and sprained ankles reported in other sunspots, including Cornwall, Blackpool and Brighton. Coastguards are warning the public not to swim if there is a red flag flying on a beach and to find out about local tides and currents. Safe swimming The Coastguard Agency says people should not swim if they feel unwell, for at least an hour after a meal, if they have been drinking alcohol or if they are cold and tired. They also warn against swimming alone, swimming too far out to sea and snorkling if you have breathing problems. And you should avoid cliff edges, even on gentle slopes, when they have been dampened by sea spray. One organisation that aims to help swimmers who get into trouble is the UK's answer to Baywatch, the Surf Lifesaving Association of Great Britain. Founded in 1955 and based on an idea originated in Australia, it now has 81 branches and has made 17,500 rescues. The association has three types of member: Nippers (aged eight to 12), Junior (aged 12 to 16) and Seniors and Masters. Its motto is 'Vigilance and Service'. All members are surfers trained in lifesaving skills. They paddle out across the waves to save struggling swimmers. Most of their money comes from fundraising events, but local councils also provide some funding. Another danger on the beach is pollution. A recent survey of UK beaches showed more than 10% are failing to meet minimum standards for clean water. The Marine Conservation Society said raw sewage was still being pumped into the sea in some areas and was findiing its way onto beaches. But the water companies say the society's standards are too tough and that 90% of British beaches pass European standards. Question 2: What sentence best summarises the pollution situation on UK beaches?

Read the following text Fears are growing that a rickety vessel loaded with boatpeople may have sunk as it headed towards New Zealand. The fishing boat, thought to be carrying 42 asylum-seekers, left west Java three weeks ago and looked to be heading along the northern coast of Australia. The wooden boat is so unseaworthy that one report said its propeller had fallen off. Indonesian authorities tracking the suspect boat reportedly lost it from their radar screens three weeks ago. The Australian yesterday quoted an Indonesian naval officer saying it was possible the wooden vessel had sunk. The newspaper said the boat was carrying 18 men, 16 women and eight children. It quoted the Indonesian officer as saying the boat was heading for New Zealand, but said there were also reports that it could be heading for West Timor. Other theories being put forward last night were that it had turned back, or sought shelter in a secluded bay. A spokesman for Foreign Affairs Minister Phil Goff said there had been no word from the Indonesians and the Australians were not directly tracking the boat because it was yet to reach their territory. "The minister can't comment because we just don't know," the spokesman said. "It was always unlikely that it would get here." Australian Foreign Minister Alexander Downer said intelligence services could not yesterday confirm claims that the asylum boat had sunk. New Zealand officials have been in contact with their Indonesian counterparts about stopping illegal immigrants before they reached international waters. However, it was believed the chances of the vessel making the hazardous voyage to New Zealand were always slim. The New Zealand Government this week passed a law setting out tough new fines and jail terms for people-smugglers. The law, which Prime Minister Helen Clark said was designed to protect New Zealand's borders, introduced a $500,000 fine and/or 20-year jail term for convicted people-smugglers. The Transnational Organised Crime legislation also gives police wider search and seizure powers, allowing them to board boats once they enter New Zealand's "contiguous zone", 24 nautical miles off the coast. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Write in the blanks if it is TRUE or FALSE 1. There is actual evidence that the boat has sunk: [blank_start]false[blank_end] 2. The Australians are trying to find the boat: [blank_start]false[blank_end] 3. New Zealand has asked Indonesia to prevent this happening in the past: [blank_start]true[blank_end] 4. New Zealand law-makers are also working on this issue: [blank_start]true[blank_end] 5. Police from New Zealand can search boats as soon as they enter New Zealand waters: [blank_start]true[blank_end]