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Physiology exam

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Quiz on Physiology exam, created by Ahmed Almohtaseb on 27/02/2017.
Ahmed Almohtaseb
Quiz by Ahmed Almohtaseb, updated more than 1 year ago
Ahmed Almohtaseb
Created by Ahmed Almohtaseb over 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Regarding the transcellular fluid ?
Answer
  • Its volume can reach up to 5% of TBW in some normal humans
  • Its volume is affected by dehydration and overhydration .
  • t is a specialized type of ICF
  • it is the same as interstitial fluid
  • Its compositions differs markedly from that of plasma and interstitial fluid .

Question 2

Question
A normal subject with 37.5 C body temperature , exposed to overheating , his temperature is increased to 37.8 C , if his thermostatic control is impair his body temperature is increase to 43.5 , what is the gain of his control system ?
Answer
  • -6
  • -7.5
  • -40
  • -19
  • -30

Question 3

Question
Hyperglycemia(too much glucose in blood) causes insulin release , formation of glycogen by the liver and glucose urea , this combination represent :
Answer
  • The gain of the feedback mechanism
  • Negative feedback mechanism
  • Positive feedback mechanism
  • Integrated response
  • Disturbance of feedback control

Question 4

Question
Treatment of the disease can be done by all of the following EXCEPT
Answer
  • Potentiating(strengthening) of the positive feedback mechanism
  • Blocking the positive feedback mechanism
  • Helping the negative feedback mechanism
  • Helping the organ to increase its function
  • Blocking the stimulus of the feedback mechanism

Question 5

Question
The osmolarity of a solution formed of 1L of water containing ; 1 mol of each glucose , NaOH , Al(OH)3 :
Answer
  • 30 mOsm/L
  • 1 mOsm/L
  • 3 mOsm/L
  • 4 mOsm/L
  • 7 mOsm/L

Question 6

Question
Which of the following mechanism is not rate limited by Vmax
Answer
  • Transport of glucose across the cell membran
  • Transport of CO2 across the cell membrane
  • Transport of Na ion through Na-K pump
  • Co-transport of Cl ion through Na-Cl channel
  • Counter transport of H+ and K+ by H+ pump

Question 7

Question
Diffusion of blood gasses across the cell membrane is affected by all the following EXCEPT
Answer
  • The osmotic pressure
  • The partial pressure of the specific gas
  • The concentration gradient
  • The temperature
  • The kinetic energy

Question 8

Question
Which one of the following has the highest (mOsm) in 1 L of plasma
Answer
  • 2 millimole of fructose
  • 1 millimole of KCl
  • 5 millimole of glucose
  • 2 millimole of CaCl2
  • 2 millimole of albumin

Question 9

Question
Which of the following solutions when infused intravenously would result in an increase in extracellular fluid volume, a decrease in intracellular fluid volume, and an increase in total body water after osmotic equilibrium? (isotonic % of solutes in cells is 0.9%)
Answer
  • 1 L of 0.9% sodium chloride solution
  • 1 L of 0.45% sodium chloride solution
  • 1 L of 3% sodium chloride solution
  • 1 L of 5% fructose solution
  • 1 L of pure water

Question 10

Question
An increase in which of the following would be expected to decrease blood flow in a vessel
Answer
  • Pressure gradient across the vessel
  • Radius of the vessel
  • Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
  • Viscosity of the blood
  • Plasma sodium concentration

Question 11

Question
Which blood vessel has the highest vascular resistance
Answer
  • Blood flow (ml/min) pressure gradient (mm Hg) 1000 100
  • Blood flow (ml/min) pressure gradient (mm Hg) 1200 60
  • Blood flow (ml/min) pressure gradient (mm Hg) 1400 20
  • Blood flow (ml/min) pressure gradient (mm Hg) 1600 80
  • Blood flow (ml/min) pressure gradient (mm Hg) 1800 40

Question 12

Question
Nernst equation
Answer
  • Calculates the diffusion potential .
  • Calculates the membrane potential under the effect of more than one ion
  • Calculates the equilibrium potential for one ion at a time
  • Calculates the equilibrium potential of K ion to be about 61 mV
  • Calculates the equilibrium potential of Na ion to be about - 94 mV

Question 13

Question
A person with normal body fluid volumes weighs 60 kg and has an extracellular fluid volume of approximately 12.8 L, a blood volume of 4.3 L, and a hematocrit of 0.4; 57% of his body weight is water. What is the approximate interstitial fluid volume?
Answer
  • 6.4 L
  • 8.4 L
  • 10.2 L
  • 11.3 L
  • 12.0 L

Question 14

Question
The diameter of a precapillary arteriole is increased in a muscle vascular bed. A decrease in which of the following would be expected
Answer
  • Capillary filtration rate
  • Vascular conductance
  • Capillary blood flow
  • Capillary hydrostatic pressure
  • Arteriolar resistance

Question 15

Question
A man with lean body mass of 65 kg was injected with 10ml of water with 1% of it being labelled liquid with the same density as water. After that blood plasma was sampled and found to contain 0.037 mg/ml of labelled liquid. What is the volume of plasma?
Answer
  • 2.70 litres
  • 0.27 litres
  • 27 litres
  • 5 litres

Question 16

Question
After we have measured the extracellular fluid volume of this man.What is the most suitable way to measure volume of intracellular fluid?
Answer
  • Use sodium as a label to find volume by law of mass conservation
  • Use potassium ions as a label to find volume by law of mass conservation
  • Use labelled water as a label to find volume by law of mass conservation
  • There is no need for labels.Volume of extracellular fluid can be found by subtracting extracellular volume from total body water volume

Question 17

Question
Which of the following is the most serious consequence of Hyponatremia-dehydration?
Answer
  • diarrhea
  • sweating
  • breathing problems
  • intracellular edema in cerebellar cells(herniation),which causes very painful pressure on nerves

Question 18

Question
What is the most serious consequence of hypernatremia?
Answer
  • tear in blood vessels and hemorrhage
  • skin turgor
  • weight loss
  • tachycardia

Question 19

Question
Edema can be caused by all of these factors except
Answer
  • an increase in the plasma protein concentration
  • obstruction of lymphatic vessels
  • increased capillary permeability because of inflammation
  • increased venous pressure

Question 20

Question
The resting membrane potential
Answer
  • occurs only in nerve and muscle cells
  • Is the same in all cells
  • is oriented so that the cell’s interior is positive with respect to the extracellular fluid
  • requires the movement and diffusion of all ions of cells
  • none of the above

Question 21

Question
Which of the following statements about the rate at which action potential travels in neurons is true?
Answer
  • The direction of its travel is unidirectional(spreads to one direction only)
  • It is faster for a strong stimulus than a weak one
  • It is faster for myelinated fibres than in non-myelinated ones
  • a and c
  • a,b,and c

Question 22

Question
Which of the following will not decrease of we cut a limp
Answer
  • Cardiac output
  • total vascular conductance
  • Resistance of each blood vessel
  • all of the above
  • none of the above

Question 23

Question
Which of the following is/are true about turbulence?
Answer
  • It is less likely to occur at low flow than at a high flow
  • Turbulence would more likely occur at a large vessel than in a small vessel
  • For a fixed flow,turbulence is most likely to occur in a high viscosity fluid than in a low viscosity fluid
  • Turbulence is noisier than laminar flow
  • a and d

Question 24

Question
The main factor responsible for the high viscosity of blood is the small non-cellular proteins dissolved in the plasma
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 25

Question
Which statement about action potential is false
Answer
  • only a relatively small number of Na+ and K+ions actually diffuse across the membrane
  • The production and spread of action potential is an example of both positive feedback and negative feedback
  • During the production of action potential.Na+ and K+ total concentration( both intracellular concentration and extracellular concentration of one ion added together)does not change
  • Na+/K+ pumps are directly involved in creating the action potential
  • all of the above

Question 26

Question
If resistance in a blood vessel has doubled, but flow has change,then the pressure difference at the ends of the tube must be the double also
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 27

Question
How can a cell be compared to solution containing 400 mOSM of urea only
Answer
  • urea is iso-osmotic but hypertonic
  • urea is hyperosmotic but hypotonic
  • urea is hyperosmotic and hypertonic
  • Urea is hypo-osmotic and hypotonic

Question 28

Question
Which of the following affects proportions of body fluids to each other
Answer
  • %of body fat
  • Size of the body
  • Sleeping
  • Change in solute concentration inside cells

Question 29

Question
The membrane potential will depolarize by the greatest amount if the membrane permeability increases for
Answer
  • Potassium
  • Sodium and potassium
  • Chloride
  • Potassium and chloride
  • Sodium

Question 30

Question
A cell present on a dish in a lab has an osmolarity of 300osm/l.while a soltion on another table has an osmolarity of 200 osm/l.The cell (in comparision to solution)is
Answer
  • hyperosmolar
  • hypo-osmolar
  • hypertonic
  • hypotonic
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