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Study Guide: Nerve Signaling

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Study Guide: Nerve Signaling
Alexandra Bozan
Quiz by Alexandra Bozan, updated more than 1 year ago
Alexandra Bozan
Created by Alexandra Bozan about 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Compared with the inside of the cell, the outside of most cell membranes is
Answer
  • positive
  • negative
  • equal
  • none of the above

Question 2

Question
The difference in electrical charge across a plasma membrane is called
Answer
  • a. depolarization
  • b. membrane potential
  • c. both a and b
  • d. none of the above

Question 3

Question
A neuron's resting membrane potential is
Answer
  • 70 mV
  • -70 mV
  • 30 mV
  • -30 mV

Question 4

Question
Which of the following statements is true concerning the sodium-potassium pump?
Answer
  • Three sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every two potassium ions pumped into the neuron.
  • Two sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every three potassium ions pumped into the neuron.
  • Three sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every three chloride ions pumped into the neuron.
  • Three sodium ions are pumped out of the neuron for every three potassium ions pumped into the neuron.

Question 5

Question
A membrane that exhibits a membrane potential is said to be polarized.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 6

Question
A slight shift away from the resting membrane potential in a specific region of the plasma membrane is often called a stimulus-gated channel.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 7

Question
Chlorine ions are the dominant extracellular cations
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 8

Question
During a relative refractory period
Answer
  • an action potential is impossible
  • an action potential is possible only in response to a very strong stimuli
  • an action potential is occurring
  • none of the above

Question 9

Question
Voltage-gated channels are
Answer
  • membrane channels that close during voltage fluctuations
  • ion channels that open in response to voltage fluctuations
  • membrane channels that are altered from an extremely high stimulus
  • none of the above

Question 10

Question
The larger the diameter of a nerve fiber
Answer
  • the slower the speed of conduction
  • the faster the speed of conduction
  • Fiber diameter does not influence speed of conduction
  • the more the speed fluctuates

Question 11

Question
Action potential and nerve impulse are synonymous
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 12

Question
When repolarization has occurred, an impulse can't be conducted
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 13

Question
The action potential is an all-or-none response
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 14

Question
Many anesthetics function by inhibiting the opening of sodium channels and thus blocking the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 15

Question
Which of the following structures is not a main component of a chemical synapse?
Answer
  • synaptic knob
  • synaptic cleft
  • synaptic proces
  • plasma membrane of postsynaptic neuron

Question 16

Question
A synaptic knob is located on the
Answer
  • synaptic cleft
  • axon
  • dendrite
  • cell body

Question 17

Question
Which of the following is true of spatial summation?
Answer
  • Nuerotransmitters released simultaneously from several presynaptic knobs converge on one postsynaptic neuron.
  • Simultaneous stimulation of more than one postsynaptic neuron occurs.
  • Impulses are fired in a rapid succession by the same neuron.
  • Speed of impulse transmission is increased when several neurotransmitters are released

Question 18

Question
In an adult, the nervous system is replete with both electrical synapses and chemical synapses.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 19

Question
Rapid-succession stimulation of a postsynaptic neuron by a synaptic knob can have a cumulative effect over time that can result in an action potential.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 20

Question
Ca++ ions cause the release of neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 21

Question
Neurotransmitters are released in a synapse and bind to
Answer
  • presynaptic terminals
  • the synaptic cleft
  • the base of the axon
  • the receptors on the postsynaptic terminal

Question 22

Question
The main chemical classes of neurotransmitters include all of the following except
Answer
  • acetylcholine
  • norepinephrine
  • amino acids
  • amine

Question 23

Question
Which of the following is not an example of an amine neurotransmitter?
Answer
  • serotonin
  • histamine
  • glycine
  • dopamine

Question 24

Question
Severe depression can be caused by a deficit in which of the following neurotransmitters?
Answer
  • acetylcholine
  • amino acids
  • amines
  • neuropeptides

Question 25

Question
Which of the following is not a catecholamine?
Answer
  • epinephrine
  • norepinephrine
  • dopamine
  • serotonin

Question 26

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Many biologists now believe that neuropeptides are the most common neurotransmitters in the CNS.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 27

Question
Cocaine produces a temporary feeling of well-being by blocking the uptake of dopamine.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 28

Question
Neuroscience has advanced to a point at which the neuron doctrine has been expanded to include concepts of the [blank_start]reticular[blank_end] [blank_start]theory[blank_end].
Answer
  • reticular
  • theory

Question 29

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The concentration of neurotransmitters at synapses in certain neural pathways can affect [blank_start]health[blank_end].
Answer
  • health

Question 30

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[blank_start]Neurotrophins[blank_end] are nerve growth factors that are released by various cells of the body.
Answer
  • Neurotrophins

Question 31

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When more than one presynaptic axon synapses with a single postsynaptic neuron, [blank_start]convergence[blank_end] occurs.
Answer
  • convergence

Question 32

Question
When a single presynaptic axon synapses with many different postsynaptic neurons, [blank_start]divergence[blank_end] occurs.
Answer
  • divergence

Question 33

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Multiple sclerosis is a myelin disorder.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 34

Question
Physical injury, causing nerve damage, can cause local or widespread loss of sensation and/or motor control.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 35

Question
Nerve conduction does not occur due to fluctuations in the concentration of ions.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 36

Question
Myasthenia gravis is a bacterial disorder.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 37

Question
Parkinson disease is a failure to release adequate dopamine at the synapse of certain motor pathways.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 38

Question
A synaptic knob is a tiny bulge at the end of the [blank_start]presynaptic[blank_end] neuron's axon.
Answer
  • presynaptic
  • postsynaptic

Question 39

Question
Acetylcholine is an example of a [blank_start]neurotransmitter[blank_end].
Answer
  • neurotransmitter
  • protein molecule receptor

Question 40

Question
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that allow neurons to [blank_start]communicate[blank_end] with one another.
Answer
  • communicate
  • reproduce

Question 41

Question
Neurotransmitters are distributed [blank_start]specifically[blank_end] into groups of neurons.
Answer
  • specifically
  • randomly

Question 42

Question
Endorphins and enkephalins are neurotransmitters that inhibit conduction of [blank_start]pain[blank_end].
Answer
  • pain
  • fear

Question 43

Question
A synonym commonly used for action potential is [blank_start]nerve impulse[blank_end].
Answer
  • nerve impulse
  • depolarization

Question 44

Question
In myelinated fibers, action potentials in the membrane occur only at the nodes of Ranvier. This type of impulse conduction is called [blank_start]saltatory conduction[blank_end].
Answer
  • saltatory conduction
  • postsynaptic conduction

Question 45

Question
A membrane that exhitbits a membrane potential is said to be [blank_start]polarized[blank_end].
Answer
  • polarized
  • myelinated

Question 46

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A wave of electrical fluctuation that travels along the plasma membrane is called a [blank_start]nerve[blank_end] [blank_start]impulse[blank_end].
Answer
  • nerve
  • impulse

Question 47

Question
The membrane potential maintained by a nonconducting neuron's plasma membrane is called the [blank_start]resting[blank_end] [blank_start]membrane[blank_end] [blank_start]potential[blank_end].
Answer
  • resting
  • membrane
  • potential

Question 48

Question
Movement of the membrane potential away from zero (thus below the usual RMP) is called [blank_start]hyperpolarization[blank_end].
Answer
  • hyperpolarization

Question 49

Question
Three structures make up a chemical synapse. They are [blank_start]plasma[blank_end] [blank_start]membrane[blank_end] [blank_start]of[blank_end] [blank_start]a[blank_end] [blank_start]postsynaptic[blank_end] [blank_start]neuron[blank_end], [blank_start]synaptic[blank_end] [blank_start]know[blank_end] and the [blank_start]synaptic[blank_end] [blank_start]cleft.[blank_end]
Answer
  • plasma
  • membrane
  • of
  • a
  • postsynaptic
  • neuron
  • synaptic
  • knob
  • synaptic
  • cleft.

Question 50

Question
Long-term memories (months or years) require [blank_start]structural[blank_end] changes in the synapse, such as more vesicles or more vesicle release sites.
Answer
  • structural

Question 51

Question
The unique neurotransmitter that combines acetate with choline is acetylcholine. It is deactivated by [blank_start]acetylcholinesterase[blank_end].
Answer
  • acetylcholinesterase

Question 52

Question
An example of a catecholamine is [blank_start]dopamine[blank_end].
Answer
  • dopamine

Question 53

Question
Two major function classifications of neurotransmitters are excitatory neurotransmitters and [blank_start]inhibitory[blank_end] [blank_start]neurotransmitters[blank_end].
Answer
  • inhibitory
  • neurotransmitters

Question 54

Question
The function of a neurotransmitter is determined by the postsynaptic receptor.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 55

Question
Nuetotrophins stimulate neuron development but also can act as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators.
Answer
  • True
  • False
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