Omtenta VT16 Environmental Psychology

Why is Kurt Lewin considered an important contributor to the emergence of environmental psychology as a distinct subdiscipline of psychology?

Why is Roger Barker considered an important contributor to the emergence of environmental psychology as a distinct subdiscipline of psychology?

Which of the following is true of social design as described by Robert Sommer?

In the lecture on problems, paradigms and processes-. three forms of "gap" were described as being of concern in the environment-behavior-design research field. Match the gaps to the descriptions below. (A given gap might not fit with any of the descriptions below, or it might fit with one or more of them. If none of the gaps fits with a description, then write an “X” in the blank. 1 point for each correct match. 4 possible matches.) a. applicability gap b. user-needs gap c. client-client gap [blank_start]_____[blank_end] Findings from behavioral and social research are often abstract and it is not always clear how they should be translated into specific features in the physical environment. [blank_start]_____[blank_end] Residents may have aesthetic preferences that differ greatly from those of the architect who has been employed to design some new building in their community. [blank_start]_____[blank_end] Architects and others who are entrusted with the responsibility for designing new housing, workplaces, institutions, and other built environments may not understand the needs of the people who will live in the homes, work in the offices. and so forth. [blank_start]_____[blank_end] The people who pay for a building project like new multi-family housing may not understand the needs of the people who will use the new building.

Post-occupancy evaluation (POE) is a method applied in environment-behavior-design research. Which of the following statements about POE is true?

Match the correct research paradigm to each of the topics discussed by Saegert and Winkel (1990). a. opportunity structure paradigm b. Sociocultural paradigm c. adaptation paradigm [blank_start]____[blank_end]environmental cues to social disorganization and the potential for crime [blank_start]____[blank_end]coping with threats and demands from the environment [blank_start]____[blank_end] “ … one of environmental psychology's main metaphors for environmental knowing, the cognitive map” [blank_start]____[blank_end] time-geography; human interaction as a path-allocation problem in space and time [blank_start]____[blank_end] the meanings assigned to environments, and the communication of meanings by environments as triggers to behavior [blank_start]____[blank_end]child safety [blank_start]____[blank_end]capability, coupling and steering constraints [blank_start]____[blank_end] environmental supports for psychological restoration

Which of the following is true with regard to the meta-analysis by Peen et al. (2010) concerned with urban-rural differences in psychiatric disorders?

What would the following data discussed in the lecture on city and countryside tell us about civility (courteous behavior)and the behavioral modelling of civility in settings common in cities? In addition to the size of the city's population, density here is considered in an immediate sense; it refers to whether the observations at the entrance to a large department store were made during a weekday morning (relatively few people, low density) or on a weekend (many people, high density).

Lofland argued that cities offer people an abundance of opportunity for experiencing pleasure through interactions with others, and she made a proposal regarding some sources of such interactional pleasure in cities. Which of the following are among the sources of interactional pleasure as discussed by Lofland?

Which of the following is true about the demand-control model (DCM) of Karasek and Theorell versus the effort-reward imbalance model (ERIM) of Siegrist?

Briefly explain the concept of status control as used in the effort-reward imbalance model (ERIM) of Siegrist. Also, why is it a particularly important concept for understanding occupational health in a time of high unemployment? (6p på riktiga tentan) Är detta svar sant eller falskt? Folk arbetar hårt för att behålla status, trots low reward. Folk är sedan villiga att anstränga sig extra mycket när det är arbetslöshet, på grund av att det blir extra lätt att bli kickad plus att man ofta inte har något val. MEN då blir det högre risk för hjärtsjukdomar! High effort --> low reward --> ilska

According to Eric Sundstrom, which of the following are pathways through which unwanted sounds (noise) in the workplace can negatively affect work-related outcomes? (The arrows below indicate the direction of the assumed effects; for example, in "a" below, noise is depicted as affecting overload, which in turn is depicted as affecting performance of complex tasks).

Which of the following are among the key findings from the analyses by Kim and de Dear (2013) based on post-occupancy evaluation data concerning workers' experiences with open-plan offices?

According to Evans and colleagues (2003), which of the following are pathways through which housing plausibly can affect residents?

Which of the following are among common concerns in efforts to determine whether poor quality housing negatively affects health?

A social ecological model of stress and restoration was presented in the concluding lecture. The model is constituted of three basic assumptions, which are given below. Which one of the assumptions best reflects the central concerns of each of the paradigms for research on environment and behavior, as described by Saegert and Winkel (1990) and discussed throughout the course? Assumption 1: People cycle through stress arousal and restoration processes. Assumption 2: Stress-restoration cycles are regulated by activity cycles. Assumption 3: Social, economic and other structural factors influence individuals' activity cycles. [blank_start]_____[blank_end]sociocultural paradigm [blank_start]_____[blank_end]opportunity structure paradigm [blank_start]_____[blank_end]adaptation paradigm

According to Misra and Stokols (2012), what four general environmental orientations can be distinguished in the Internet age? a. Place-based b. Cyber-based c. Place-cyber d. Place-less [blank_start]__[blank_end] Personen är kopplad till den riktiga världen och inte kopplad till den virtuella världen. Identitet och tillfredsställande av behov kommer främst från riktiga settings. Dessa individer är bortkopplade från virtuella settings. Bortkopplandet från den virtuella världen kan antingen ske genom eget val (t.ex. vägrar internet trots har ekonomiska medel till detta) eller ofrivilligt bortkopplad. [blank_start]__[blank_end]Identitet och tillfredställande av behov kommer främst från virtuella settings och dessa individer är bortkopplade från reella settings. [blank_start]__[blank_end]Identitet och tillfredsställande av behov kommer från både riktiga och virtuella settings. [blank_start]__[blank_end]Identitet och tillfredsställande av behov (socioemotionella och interpersonella behov) kommer varken från den riktiga eller virtuella settings. exempel från texten är typ här är att kan vara hemlös eller om ny i landet och inte har den virtuella eller reella världen.

Look at the results presented in the table and figure below. They come from a study by Evans and Carrere with a sample of bus drivers in Los Angeles, California. Identify the variables in the mediation model they tested, and the evidence in support of mediation that they provided. Answer true or false in all blanks. Which is the initial variable assumed to be affecting the other two variables? Adrenaline? [blank_start]___[blank_end] Traffic congestion? [blank_start]___[blank_end] Perceived control? [blank_start]___[blank_end] Which variable is the proposed mediator? Adrenaline? [blank_start]___[blank_end] Traffic congestion? [blank_start]___[blank_end] Perceived control? [blank_start]___[blank_end] Which variable is the outcome of interest? Adrenaline? [blank_start]___[blank_end] Traffic congestion? [blank_start]___[blank_end] Perceived control? [blank_start]___[blank_end]