L4 Structure of Prokaryotes

Description

Objectives: describe the basic function of the components found in prokaryotes and the unique features found only in prokaryotes, and identify the key characteristcs that distinguish Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Mer Scott
Quiz by Mer Scott, updated more than 1 year ago
Mer Scott
Created by Mer Scott about 7 years ago
15
2

Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Which statement about bacterial structure is INCORRECT?
Answer
  • Bacteria have cell walls.
  • Bacteria have a nucleus.
  • Bacteria can have flagella for motility.
  • Bacteria have ribosomes.

Question 2

Question
Select the INCORRECT statement about peptidoglycan.
Answer
  • Peptidoglycan is the target of antibiotics.
  • Only bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan.
  • All bacterial cells have an equal amount of peptidoglycan in their cell wall.

Question 3

Question
Which of the following is statements about the bacterial cell wall is NOT correct?
Answer
  • It is a rigid macromolecular layer which provides strength to the cell.
  • It confers cell shape and protects cell from lysing via osmosis.
  • It has pores to allow transport of macromolecules.

Question 4

Question
Gram-positive bacteria have a [blank_start]simple, thick[blank_end] layer of peptidoglycan as their cell wall, which retains the [blank_start]crystal violet[blank_end] Gram stain even when washed with alcohol. Gram-negative bacteria have a [blank_start]complex[blank_end] cell wall with a [blank_start]thin[blank_end] layer of peptidoglycan, therefore the gram stain can be washed out with alcohol and the [blank_start]safranin[blank_end] dyes the cells [blank_start]pink[blank_end].
Answer
  • simple, thick
  • complex, thin
  • crystal violet
  • safranin (pink)
  • complex
  • simple
  • thin
  • thick
  • safranin
  • gram stain
  • pink
  • orange

Question 5

Question
Choose the INCORRECT statement about bacterial flagella.
Answer
  • Flagella act as a propeller.
  • Flagella have 3 structures: the long filament, the flexible 'hook', and the rigid basal body.
  • The 'running' motion of bacteria is due to the clockwise rotation of the flagella.
  • Flagella give bacteria motility and allow them to move at high speeds, and change direction.

Question 6

Question
Which statements about bacterial movement are true?
Answer
  • Bacteria rotate the flagellum CCW to 'run' and CW to stop and rotate/turn.
  • Random movement promotes a higher chance of finding nutrients.
  • Bacteria only exhibit positive chemotaxis.
  • Bacteria are too small to sense a spatial gradient, and must detect gradients by moving over time (temporal gradient).

Question 7

Question
Which of the following statements about bacterial fimbriae/pili are CORRECT?
Answer
  • They allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces.
  • They play a role in bacterial motility.
  • Fimbriae/pili have proteins called adhesins which bind to specific receptors on cell surfaces.
  • All bacteria have fimbriae/pili.

Question 8

Question
Which statement about bacterial capsid layers are INCORRECT?
Answer
  • All capsid layers are made of glycocalyx, which forms a sticky mesh of fibres.
  • If the layer is disorganised and loosely attached to the cell wall, it is called a slime layer.
  • If the layer is organised and firmly attached to the cell wall, it is called a capsule.
  • Capsules can provide nutrients, protection from antibodies, and prevent cell desiccation.
  • Gram-negative bacteria do not have capsules.

Question 9

Question
Which of these statements about endospores are CORRECT?
Answer
  • Endospores are very heat resistant, but not very chemical resistant.
  • Only some gram-positive bacteria can produce endospores.
  • The trigger for making endospores is a certain stage of the bacteria's life cycle.
  • Endospores can last up to 50 million years in their dormant state.

Question 10

Question
Which of these is NOT a type of endospore?
Answer
  • Terminal
  • Sub-terminal
  • Central
  • Sub-central

Question 11

Question
Which of these is NOT a specific property of endospores?
Answer
  • Low water content
  • High Ca2+ concentration
  • Many layers not present in the typical vegetative cell
  • Low metabolic activity
  • No diplicolinic acid

Question 12

Question
Prokaryotic cells are [blank_start]small and unicellular[blank_end]. They have [blank_start]no[blank_end] endomembrane system [blank_start]or[blank_end] cytoskeleton, their DNA is [blank_start]circular[blank_end], and they reproduce via [blank_start]binary fission[blank_end]. Eukaryotic cells are larger and often multicellular. They have [blank_start]an[blank_end] endomembrane system (e.g. nucleus, ER, Golgi, etc) and a cytoskeleton. Their DNA is [blank_start]linear[blank_end] and they reproduce via meiosis and mitosis.
Answer
  • small and unicellular
  • no
  • an
  • or
  • and
  • circular
  • linear
  • binary fission
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