Earth Science- Chapter 8 Earthquakes and Earth Part 1

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Multipled Choice, word fits, and true or false
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Quiz by saradiaz16, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by saradiaz16 almost 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
The elastic rebound theory for the origin of earthquakes was first proposed by ________ following the ________ earthquake.
Answer
  • Reid; 1906, San Francisco
  • Giuseppe; 1925, Pizza Lake
  • Richter; 1989, Loma Prieta
  • Mohorovicic; 1964, Anchorage

Question 2

Question
When an earthquake occurs, energy radiates in all directions from its source. The source is also referred to as the ________.
Answer
  • inertial point
  • epicenter
  • focus
  • seismic zone

Question 3

Question
Which one of the following statements is correct?
Answer
  • P waves travel through solids; S waves do not.
  • P and S waves travel through liquids, but P waves do not travel through solids.
  • S waves travel through solids and P waves travel through liquids.
  • P and S waves travel through liquids, but S waves do not travel through solids.

Question 4

Question
________ have the highest velocities
Answer
  • Primary waves
  • Secondary waves
  • Surface waves
  • Refracted S waves

Question 5

Question
Which one of the following is true regarding tsunamis?
Answer
  • They travel as deep-water waves at speeds greater than surface seismic waves but slower than S waves
  • Their wave heights decrease and wavelengths increase as they move into shallower water
  • They are started by fault-induced, horizontal shifts in the seafloor that suddenly propel great masses of water in opposite directions.
  • They occur in the open ocean, wavelengths are many miles or kilometers and wave heights are only a few feet.

Question 6

Question
The amount of destruction caused by earthquake vibrations is affected by ________.
Answer
  • design of structures
  • intensity and duration of the vibrations
  • nature of the surface material
  • all of these

Question 7

Question
On a typical seismogram, ________ will show the highest amplitudes.
Answer
  • P waves
  • S waves
  • surface waves
  • body waves

Question 8

Question
Major earthquakes are often followed by somewhat smaller events known as ________.
Answer
  • aftershocks
  • foreshocks
  • tremors
  • hyposhocks

Question 9

Question
The ________ magnitude scale is a measure of the energy released. It does not directly measure the extent of building damage.
Answer
  • Gutenberg
  • Reid
  • Mercalli
  • Richter

Question 10

Question
The instrument that records earthquake events is termed a ________.
Answer
  • polygraph
  • thermograph
  • seismograph
  • barograph

Question 11

Question
________ is the maximum possible damage designation on the Mercalli scale.
Answer
  • XII
  • 12
  • X
  • 10

Question 12

Question
The position on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake source is called the ________.
Answer
  • epicenter
  • inertial point
  • focus
  • seismic zone

Question 13

Question
The mechanism by which rocks store and eventually release energy in the form of an earthquake is termed ________.
Answer
  • elastic rebound
  • seismic rebound
  • fault displacement
  • stress fracture

Question 14

Question
Overall, this type of seismic wave is the most destructive.
Answer
  • P wave
  • S wave
  • surface wave
  • tsunami

Question 15

Question
Approximately how much more energy is released in a 6.5 Richter magnitude earthquake than in one with magnitude 5.5?
Answer
  • 3000 times
  • 3 times
  • 300 times
  • 30 times

Question 16

Question
P waves ________.
Answer
  • propagate only in solids
  • are faster than S waves and surface waves
  • have higher amplitudes than do S waves
  • produce the strongest ground shaking

Question 17

Question
The Mercalli Scale is a scale from ________.
Answer
  • 1 to 12 that rates the energy required for faulting to occur
  • 1 to 10 that rates the energy released by an earthquake
  • I to XII that rates the structural damage due to an earthquake
  • I to X that rates the total energy released during the main quake and all aftershocks

Question 18

Question
The distance between a seismological recording station and the earthquake source is determined from the ________.
Answer
  • earthquake magnitude
  • intensity of the earthquake
  • length of the seismic record
  • arrival times of P and S waves

Question 19

Question
The Richter magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the ________.
Answer
  • duration of the earthquake
  • intensity of the earthquake
  • arrival time of P and S waves
  • amplitude of the surface waves

Question 20

Question
Which one of the following best characterizes tsunamis?
Answer
  • They cause the land to ripple and oscillate.
  • They are faster than seismic surface waves.
  • They have relatively small amplitudes compared to their very long wavelengths.
  • They are easily seen at sea but are lost in the swell and breaking waves along a coast.

Question 21

Question
The ________ earthquake was accompanied by extensive fire damage.
Answer
  • Anchorage, 1964
  • San Francisco, 1906
  • Mexico City, 1985
  • Yerevan, Armenia, 1988

Question 22

Question
________ refers to the tendency for a foundation material to lose its internal cohesion and fail mechanically during earthquake shaking.
Answer
  • Slurrying
  • Liquefaction
  • Motion slip
  • Seismoflowage

Question 23

Question
The record of an earthquake obtained from a seismic instrument is a(n) ________.
Answer
  • seismograph
  • seismogram
  • time-travel graph
  • epigraph

Question 24

Question
Most of our knowledge about Earth's interior comes from ________.
Answer
  • drill holes
  • volcanic eruptions
  • seismic waves
  • examination of deep mine shafts

Question 25

Question
Which one of the following statements about the crust is NOT true?
Answer
  • It is the thinnest of the major subdivisions
  • It is thickest where prominent mountains exist.
  • Oceanic crust is enriched in potassium, sodium, and silicon
  • Continental rocks are compositionally different than oceanic rocks

Question 26

Question
The dense core of Earth is thought to consist predominantly of ________.
Answer
  • nickel
  • lead
  • iron
  • copper

Question 27

Question
The lithosphere is defined as ________.
Answer
  • a rocky layer having a relatively uniform chemical composition
  • a rigid layer of crustal and mantle material
  • a rocky layer composed mainly of crustal rocks
  • a plastic layer composed mainly of mantle material

Question 28

Question
The average composition of the oceanic crust is thought to approximate that of ________.
Answer
  • granite
  • basalt
  • peridotite
  • iron

Question 29

Question
The average composition of the continental crust most closely approximates that of ________.
Answer
  • granite
  • basalt
  • peridotite
  • iron

Question 30

Question
The Earth's magnetic field originates by ________.
Answer
  • weak electrical currents associated with hot, rising, mantle plumes
  • magnetic mineral grains in the inner core
  • weak electrical currents associated with fluid motions in the outer core
  • magnetization of oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the atmospheric ozone layer by solar radiation

Question 31

Question
The asthenosphere is located ________.
Answer
  • within the crust
  • in the upper mantle
  • between the mantle and outer core
  • within the outer core

Question 32

Question
Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.
Answer
  • P wave
  • S wave
  • surface wave
  • body wave

Question 33

Question
Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.
Answer
  • focus
  • seismograph
  • epicenter
  • fault

Question 34

Question
Choose the option which does not fit the pattern
Answer
  • tsunami
  • fire
  • liquefaction
  • seiches

Question 35

Question
Choose the option which does not fit the pattern
Answer
  • Modified Mercalli
  • energy
  • Richter
  • amplitude

Question 36

Question
Choose the option which does not fit the pattern
Answer
  • crust
  • lithosphere
  • core
  • mantle

Question 37

Question
Choose the option which does not fit the pattern.
Answer
  • core
  • asthenosphere
  • mesosphere
  • lithosphere

Question 38

Question
S waves can travel through solid and liquid media.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 39

Question
The time between the first P-wave and S-wave arrivals is a measure of the distance from a receiving station to the epicenter of the earthquake.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 40

Question
Earthquakes result from the sudden release of elastic strain energy previously stored in rocks surrounding a zone of fault movement.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 41

Question
Tsunamis are caused by sudden displacement of large volumes of seawater.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 42

Question
The Richter earthquake magnitude scale is based on the total amount of energy released by the earthquake.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 43

Question
The epicenter of an earthquake is on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 44

Question
Unconsolidated, water-saturated soils or sediments provide good foundation materials for buildings and other structures.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 45

Question
Oceanic crust is mainly basaltic in composition; the mantle is more like the igneous rock peridotite in chemical composition.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 46

Question
Continental crust is generally thicker than oceanic crust.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 47

Question
The crust and mantle are solids; the inner core is thought to be solid.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 48

Question
The mantle is composed mainly of metallic iron with small amounts of magnesium silicate minerals.
Answer
  • True
  • False
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