Henry VII - Quiz (unfinished)

What years did Henry VII reign for?

What house did Henry VII belong to?

How did Henry establish his power in 1485? (Select all that are true.)

In 1485 there were still a number of important Yorkists alive with a strong claim to the throne: • The most direct male representative of the family was Richard III’s 10 year-old nephew, [blank_start]Edward[blank_end] (the Earl of [blank_start]Warwick[blank_end]). Henry removed this threat by sending him to the Tower of London. He lived there in relative comfort but without the freedom to come and go as he pleased. • Richard III had named his heir as another nephew – [blank_start]John de la Pole[blank_end]. He was the Earl of [blank_start]Lincoln[blank_end] (the son of Richard’s sister Elizabeth). Henry considered both [blank_start]John[blank_end] and his father (the Duke of Suffolk) as enemies but both pledged their loyalty which Henry accepted. Lincoln was invited to join the King’s council.

Recap: Who were the two main Yorkists alive with a claim to the English throne?

In which regions of the country did Henry experience minor uprisings in 1485-1486?

As Henry travelled north, [blank_start]Lord Lovel[blank_end] and the [blank_start]Stafford[blank_end] brothers (Thomas and Humphrey) broke their sanctuary in Colchester. [blank_start]Lovel[blank_end] headed north in an attempt to waylay the King, while the [blank_start]Staffords[blank_end] travelled to [blank_start]Worcester[blank_end] in an attempt to start a rebellion. Henry carried on with his progress but sent soldiers to offer the choice of surrender and reconciliation or excommunication and death.

Recap: Where were the Stafford brothers being held in sanctuary?

The rebellion in the Midlands and the North was easily controlled.

What did Lovel do in the aftermath of the rebellion in the Midlands & North?

What did the Stafford brothers do in the aftermath of the rebellion in the Midlands and North?

The Stafford brothers were arrested and sent to the Tower. Humphrey was [blank_start]executed[blank_end] but Thomas was [blank_start]pardoned[blank_end] and [blank_start]remained loyal thereafter[blank_end].

What was the plan in the rebellion in Wales?

The rebellion in Wales was led by the [blank_start]Vaughans and Herberts[blank_end]. They were [blank_start]Yorkists[blank_end] who wanted to kill Henry and seize Brecon castle. The rebellion however was put down by [blank_start]Rhys ap Thomas[blank_end], who had been knighted by Henry after the Battle of Bosworth.

Henry's policy towards rebellions were severity towards the ringleaders but showing mercy to the lower ranks.

When was Henry's first son, Arthur, born?

When did the Yorkshire rebellion take place?

The Yorkshire rebellion was provoked by [blank_start]Henry's demands for money.[blank_end]

Henry had planned a campaign in [blank_start]Brittany[blank_end] which was being threatened by [blank_start]France[blank_end]. Parliament granted a subsidy of [blank_start]£100,000[blank_end] to pay for it, but the collection caused widespread discontent. It was collected as a [blank_start]type of income tax[blank_end] and the King only received [blank_start]£27,000[blank_end] of it. Opposition was particularly strong in Yorkshire as people had suffered [blank_start]a bad harvest.[blank_end]

Why did the people of Yorkshire resent those from the north (Northumberland?)

Henry negotiated a tax reduction with the Earl of Northumberland (Henry Percy.)

When the Earl of Northumberland returned from attempting to negotiate with the King, he was murdered. The subsequent rebellion was led by [blank_start]Sir John Egremont[blank_end] and it was defeated just outside of [blank_start]York.[blank_end]

What did Egremont do in the aftermath of the Yorkshire rebellion?

Henry captured Egremont and he was executed.

Henry did not collect any more of the £100,000 of income tax he was supposed to receive.

The new Earl of Northumberland was a [blank_start]ward of the Crown[blank_end] and so posed no opposition.

The Yorkshire rebellion was the last major rebellion Henry faced in the North.

When was the rebellion in Cornwall?

The rebellion in Cornwall was provoked by [blank_start]financial concerns.[blank_end]

In 1497 Parliament had voted for another heavy tax. This was to finance an expedition [blank_start]north[blank_end] to confront an expected invasion from [blank_start]James VI and Warbeck.[blank_end]

The Cornish had a long history of independence and did not want to contribute to this tax.

In May the rebels set out from Bodmin and marched through the western counties. Their only leader of notes was the impoverished [blank_start]Lord Audley[blank_end] but by June they had reached Blackheath in London and numbered [blank_start]15,000.[blank_end] They were met by the King’s forces under the command of [blank_start]Lord Daubeney[blank_end]. In the battle (or more accurately slaughter) [blank_start]1000[blank_end] rebels were quickly killed and the rest fled.

How did Henry react to the Cornish rebels?

Which of these were shown by the Cornish rebellion?

What years was Lambert Simnel an active threat to Henry?

It was eventually decided that Simnel should impersonate [blank_start]the Earl of Warwick[blank_end], due to fresh rumours about him.

Symonds took Simnel to [blank_start]Ireland[blank_end] as this had been a centre of Yorkist support. The current Lord Lieutenant was Lord Kildare and, he along with other leading Irish nobles, proclaimed Simnel as [blank_start]Edward VI[blank_end]. He was also supported by [blank_start]Margaret of Burgundy.[blank_end] She sent money and 2000 soldiers to Ireland to support Simnel. These troops were led by Martin Schwartz. This support led to Simnel being crowned as Edward VI in Dublin in [blank_start]May 1487.[blank_end]

The real Earl of Warwick was sent to Ireland to expose Simnel as an impostor.

The situation was made worse when the [blank_start]Earl of Lincoln[blank_end] fled to join [blank_start]Lovel[blank_end] at the court of Margaret in Flanders. [blank_start]Lincoln and Lovel[blank_end] then accompanied Schwartz when he went to [blank_start]Ireland[blank_end] in May 1487. Henry was concerned at these events and did not know how many Yorkists would join with Simnel. This is shown by him granting a pardon to Thomas Broughton, who had been among [blank_start]Richard III’s[blank_end] most loyal supporters in the north-west.

The army from Ireland landed on the [blank_start]4th June[blank_end] in Lancashire. They began marching south, however they gained [blank_start]less[blank_end] support than they expected. The King was prepared to confront the invasion and met the rebels outside Newark.

What date did the battle between Simnel and Henry's armies take place?

Simnel's armies far outnumbered Henry's.

Symonds was [blank_start]imprisoned for life.[blank_end] Simnel was made a [blank_start]turnspit in the royal kitchen[blank_end] and was later promoted to be the King’s falconer as a reward for good service. Henry recognised he had merely been a pawn in the hands of ambitious men and as the real ringleaders were now dead, he could afford to show mercy.

Who is this? (Full name)

During what years was Warbeck an active threat to Henry?

In the autumn of [blank_start]1491[blank_end] Perkin Warbeck (a 17 year-old from Tournai in France) arrived in [blank_start]Cork, Ireland[blank_end]. He claimed to be [blank_start]Richard, Duke of York[blank_end] – the younger brother who was supposedly murdered in the Tower. While the men behind the plot seem to be of humble origins, there is much suggestion that [blank_start]Charles VIII of France[blank_end] & Margaret of Burgundy were also involved in the plot. At this time, [blank_start]Charles[blank_end] was trying to force [blank_start]Brittany[blank_end] to become part of his kingdom and saw Warbeck as a useful pawn to put pressure on Henry.

What did Henry do after Warbeck landed in Ireland?

Where was Warbeck forced to flee in 1492?

Warbeck was welcomed at the French court.

However, Henry outmanouvred Warbeck by negotiating the Treaty of [blank_start]Etaples[blank_end] with Charles.

Which of the following were negotiated in the Treaty of Etaples?

Where was Warbeck forced to flee next?

Henry was unhappy about Warbeck being sheltered by Margaret of Burgundy, so sent an army to Flanders.

Which of the following was Henry's tactic for dealing with Burgundy while they were supporting Warbeck? (1493)

By [blank_start]1494[blank_end] Warbeck had found a new and more influential backer anyway. This was [blank_start]Maximilian[blank_end], the new Holy Roman Emperor.

Maximilian had plentiful time and resources to finance an invasion of England.

Maximilian had his attention diverted away from Warbeck when [blank_start]France[blank_end] invaded [blank_start]Italy[blank_end] in 1494.

When did Warbeck attempt his invasion of England?

In July 1495 Warbeck attempted an invasion of England when he sailed from [blank_start]the Netherlands[blank_end] and attempted to land in Kent. His small force was easily dealt with by Henry’s forces because they knew beforehand that he would invade. Sir Robert Clifford was a royal agent among Warbeck’s supporters and also implicated [blank_start]Sir William Stanley[blank_end] in the plot. This was the man that had changed the course of the Battle of Bosworth and was one of Henry’s most trusted officials. His execution showed that Henry would spare no traitor, no matter how eminent.

Warbeck's invasion attempt was disastrous.

Where did Warbeck go after his failed invasion attempt in England?

How was Warbeck recieved when he went to Ireland?

The next place on Warbeck's journey was [blank_start]Scotland[blank_end] - however he was welcomed by [blank_start]James IV[blank_end] who gave him shelter, money and a royal wife as he wished to stir up trouble in England,

When did Warbeck attempt his second invasion?

James was considering changing his tactics of support for Warbeck, and signed a seven year truce with England - the Truce of [blank_start]Ayton[blank_end]. He saw this as more beneficial for Scotland than supporting Warbeck.

When was the Truce of Ayton signed?

Warbeck was no longer welcome in Scotland. Where did he go next?

Warbeck made one final invasion attempt, in south-west England.

Warbeck's final invasion attempt was just as unsuccessful as his previous attempts.

Warbeck finally sought sanctuary at [blank_start]Beaulieu[blank_end] Abbey in Hampshire, but by August 1497 had given himself up and made a full confession.

Warbeck was executed immediately after he made his confession.

Warbeck foolishly tried to flee again after Henry had allowed him to remain at court. He was recaptured and publicly humiliated. However, he was soon found to be plotting with the [blank_start]Earl of Warwick[blank_end] - this time Warbeck was [blank_start]hanged[blank_end] and Warwick was [blank_start]also executed.[blank_end]

Recap: Track the movement of Perkin Warbeck. He first went to Ireland. Then he went to [blank_start]France.[blank_end] Then he fled to [blank_start]Burgundy.[blank_end] Then he was backed by the [blank_start]Holy Roman Empire.[blank_end] He then sailed from the [blank_start]Netherlands[blank_end] to invade. He returned to [blank_start]Ireland[blank_end] again. Then he went to [blank_start]Scotland.[blank_end] Then he returned a final time to [blank_start]Ireland.[blank_end] He then invaded England a final time.

In the aftermath of Warbeck's plot, the main Yorkist claimant was [blank_start]Edmund[blank_end] de la Pole.

Edmund de la Pole was the Earl of Suffolk. While on the surface Suffolk appeared to be loyal to the King, it was clear that there was underlying tension between the two men. In July [blank_start]1499[blank_end], Suffolk took flight to Guisnes, near Calais in France. Henry feared that this would lead to another foreign-backed invasion and persuaded Suffolk to return. He remained in amicable terms with Henry until [blank_start]1501[blank_end] when he once again fled – this time to the court of [blank_start]Maximilian.[blank_end] Henry was in a vulnerable position as Yorkist support once again gathered. He only had one male heir, Prince [blank_start]Henry[blank_end] who was only 10 and was not considered to be physically strong at this stage. Any of Suffolk’s relations who remained in England were imprisoned. When parliament met in January 1504 51 men, many of whom were connected to Suffolk were attained. Henry gained the upper hand in this struggle in 1506 when [blank_start]Philip of Burgundy[blank_end] was forced by a storm to take refuge in England. Henry persuaded [blank_start]Philip[blank_end] to hand Suffolk over to him as he had seized him from Maximilian. Philip did this on the assurance that Suffolk would not be executed, a promise Henry kept.

Some remnants of the feudal system were still apparent in fifteenth-century England, despite the growth of a professional and mercantile bourgeoisie.

The nobility dominated land ownership, despite comprising no more than around [blank_start]60[blank_end] men.

The [blank_start]gentry[blank_end] came immediately below the nobility. These were men who could be great landowners, and often sought knighthoods.

The Church was important as a great landowner as well as a religious institution.

Henry only appointed men to clerical positions who had an aristocratic background.

Henry VII had control over the Church and used this influence to appoint men who had [blank_start]legal training,[blank_end] as being a [blank_start]competent administrator[blank_end] was the most important thing.

The Black Death had led to a dramatic fall in the population and had reduced the demand for land – the resulting drop in the price of land had enabled the emergence of the group sometimes described as the ‘peasant aristocracy’

The most powerful nobles in the country were known as [blank_start]magnates[blank_end]. (Hint: it begins with an M.)

Henry’s problem was ‘how to suppress the magnates’ abuse of their power while preserving the power itself’.

Which of the following are true about Henry's relations with the nobility?

Acts of [blank_start]Attainder[blank_end] were a method of punishing the nobility. It involved the loss of rights when a man was convicted by parliament of treason or any other serious crime. It was applied to a man’s heirs too and meant the loss of the family estate.