Required Practical 5

Equipment

1m long constantan wire Voltmeter Ammeter Low voltage power supply Micrometer Metre ruler

Method

Measure the diameter d of the constantan wire at various points along it using the micrometer and find and record the mean diameter. Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram. Adjust the length l to 0.100m using the crocodile clips, measured using the metre ruler. Read and record the current I on the ammeter and the voltage V on the voltmeter. Calculate the resistance R by using R=V/I and record this. Increase l by 0.100m and repeat this, increasing it by 0.100m each time up to 0.800m. Repeat the experiment twice more and find and record the mean R for each l.

Required+Practical+5 (binary/octet-stream)

Graphs and calculations

Calculate the cross-sectional area A of the wire by A = πd^2/4 Plot a graph of the mean value of R against l and draw a line of best fit. The resistivity will be the gradient multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the wire. ρ=RA/l=GA where G is the gradient.

Safety

Disconnect the crocodile clips in between measurements to avoid the wire heating up and causing burns if touched. If the current rises too high, reduce the voltage using the variable power supply. If the wire is tight, safety goggles should be worn in case it snaps and injures eyes.

Improvements and notes

The wire heating up might additionally cause the resistance of the wire to change, affecting measurements. To reduce this, disconnect it in between measurements or reduce the voltage of the supply so the current is lower. The wire should be free from kinks and held straight so the measurement of the length is as accurate as possible.