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Describing states of matter

Types of matter (from 1 being least amount of energy to 4 being most amount of energy)

  1. Solid
  2. Liquid
  3. Gas
  4. Plasma

Where tempatures are extremlely high (on sun) plasma is known to exist

The state of matter that can exsist at extremely low temps is called a bose-einstein condensate

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There are forces of attraction between all matter _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Solids

Solids have a definate shape and volume because the particales in a solid vibrate in fixed locations

Most solids have particles that

  • packed close together
  • arranged in a regular pattern

Not all solids have a definate shape though

-example: copper can bend

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Liquids 

Liquids do not have a definate shape but do have a definate volume 

Liquid particles

  • In constant motion 
  • have forced attraction 
    • Liquid particles are more randomly placed than solids 

Liquids have a stronger force of attraction compared to gases and solids 

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Gases 

Gases do not have a defined shape or volume 

  • The container its placed in determines a gases shape and volume

 Because the particles quickly moving and are far apart the forces of attraction are too weak to have a noticable effect. 

 

A phase change is the reversible physical change that takes place when a substance changes from one state to another

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Types of phase changes

Freezing - liquid to solid

Melting - solid to liquid

Vaporization (boiling) - liquid to gas 

Condenstion- gas to liquid 

Sublimation- solid to gas

Depostion- gas to solid

 

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The tempature during a phase change remains constant (doesnt change) 

During a phase change it is either

  • absorbing energy

             -OR-

  • releasing energy 

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Endothermic: Internal heat (adding heat/energy)

-ex. Melting ice cubes, Boiling water 

Exothermic: External heat (removing heat/energy)

-ex. freezing ice cubs, burning sugar 

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VAPORIZATION

 

Evaporation

- Vaporization is the phase change

- at the surface of a liquid

- below the boiling point of a liquid (takes longer)

Boiling 

- Vaporization is the phase change

- throughout the liquid

- at the boilding point of a liquid (quicker)

 




 

 

 

 

Phases notes

Savannah Todd
Module by Savannah Todd, updated more than 1 year ago
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