Операционные системы (база, состоящая из вопросов с РК1 и РК2)  Примечание: все вопросы, которые находятся в данном модуле являются частью ФИНАЛЬНОГО ЭКЗАМЕНА за исключением трёх задач. Identify these registers: Used to exchange data between I/O module and processor: I/OBR. The MBR (memory buffer register) contains the data to be written into memory and receives the data read from memory. Specifies the address in memory for the next read or write: MAR. I/O address register to specify a particular I/O device: I/OAR. Contains the most recently fetched instruction: IR (instruction register). Holds the address of the instruction to be fetched next: PC (program counter). Contains status information: PSW (program status word). Bits set by the processor or hardware as the result of operations: condition codes. Dedicated register that points to the top of the stack: SP (stack pointer).   Identify the process states described below: The process cannot execute until some event occurs: Blocked. The process is in the secondary memory and is available for execution (as soon as it is loaded into memory): Ready, suspend. The process is in the secondary memory and awaiting an event: Blocked, suspend. The process has been released from the pool of executable processes: Exit. The process is currently being executed: Running. The process is prepared to execute: Ready. The process has been created, but has not yet been admitted to the pool of executable processes: New.   4th task (практические задания): Задача №1: A computer has a cache, main memory and a disk used for virtual memory. An access to the cache takes 10 ns. An access to main memory takes 20 ns. An access to the disk takes 10 000 ns. Suppose the cache hit ratio is 0.9 and the main memory hit ratio is 0.8. What is the effective access time (EAT) in ns required to access a referenced word on this system? (Write formula and then show the solution):   Cache access time: 10 ns – T1. Memory access time: 20 ns – T2. Disk access time: 10 000 ns – T3. Cache hit ratio: 0.9 – H1. Memory hit ratio: 0.8 – H2.   Formula: T(avg) = (H1*T1) + (1 – H1)*(H2*(T1+T2) + (1 – H2)*(T1+T2+T3)) Solution: (0.9*10) + (1 – 0.9)*(0.8*(10+20) + (1 – 0.8)*(10+20+10 000)) = 212.   Задача №2: A computer has a cache, main memory and a disk used for virtual memory. An access to the cache takes 15 ns. An access to main memory takes 45 ns. An access to the disk takes 10 000 ns. Suppose the cache hit ratio is 0.8 and the main memory hit ratio is 0.7. What is the effective access time (EAT) in ns required to access a referenced word on this system? (Write formula and then show the solution):   Cache access time: 15 ns – T1. Memory access time: 45 ns – T2. Disk access time: 10 000 ns – T3. Cache hit ratio: 0.8 – H1. Memory hit ratio: 0.7 – H2.   Formula: T(avg) = (H1*T1) + (1 – H1)*(H2*(T1+T2) + (1 – H2)*(T1+T2+T3)) Solution: (0.8*15) + (1 – 0.8)*(0.7*(15+45) + (1 – 0.7)*(15+45+10 000)) = 624.   Задача №3: A computer has a cache, main memory and a disk used for virtual memory. An access to the cache takes 10 ns. An access to main memory takes 30 ns. An access to the disk takes 10 000 ns. Suppose the cache hit ratio is 0.9 and the main memory hit ratio is 0.7. What is the effective access time (EAT) in ns required to access a referenced word on this system? (Write formula and then show the solution):   Cache access time: 10 n – T1. Memory access time: 30 ns – T2. Disk access time: 10 000 ns – T3. Cache hit ratio: 0.9 – H1. Memory hit ratio: 0.7 – H2.   Formula: T(avg) = (H1*T1) + (1 – H1)*(H2*(T1+T2) + (1 – H2)*(T1+T2+T3)) Solution: (0.9*10) + (1 – 0.9)*(0.7*(10+30) + (1 – 0.7)*(10+30+10 000)) = 313.   Important extra information (from lectures of Mishina A. Y.):             Run through the four states:  Ready: The process is in main memory and available for execution.  Blocked: The process is in main memory and awaiting an event.  Blocked/Suspend: The process is in secondary memory and awaiting an event.  Ready/Suspend: The process is in secondary memory, but is available for execution as soon as it is loaded into main memory.     Operating Systems: Quiz 4 Semaphore is a/an integer variable to solve critical section problem. An un-interruptible unit is known as: atomic. A state is safe, if:  the system can allocate resources to each process in some order and still avoid a deadlock. A situation where several processes access and manipulate the same data concurrently and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which access takes place is called: race condition. The initial value of the semaphore, that allows only one of the many processes to enter their critical sections, is:  1. Which of the following cannot be interrupted? Atomic operation. Four necessary conditions for deadlock to exist are: mutual exclusion, no-preemption, circular wait and «hold and wait». Deadlock inevitable region can be referred as: fatal region. This matrix defines the amount of resources of type j requested by process i: request matrix. This matrix defines the current allocation to process i of resource j: allocation matrix. «Hold and wait» condition for deadlock is defined as: process holds a resource while awaiting for other resource. Which of the following is deadlock avoidance algorithm? Banker’s algorithm. The segment of code in which the process may change common variables, update tables, write into files is known as: critical section. A problem encountered in multitasking when a process is perpetually denied necessary resources is called: starvation. What is the reusable resource? A resource that can be used by one process at a time and is not depleted by that use. This illustrates the progress of two processes competing for two resources: joint progress diagram. This resource can safely be used by only one process at a time and is not depleted by that use: reusable resource. Current allocation of resources to processes where there is at least one sequence that does not result in deadlock is called: safe state. Current allocation of resources to processes where there is no sequence that does not result in deadlock is called: unsafe state. The resource vector defines: total amount of each resource in the system. The available vector defines: total amount of each resource NOT allocated to any process. «No preemption» condition for deadlock is defined as: No resource can be forcibly removed from process holding it. A minimum of two variables is/are required to be shared between processes to solve critical section problem. For non-sharable resources like a printer, mutual exclusion: must exist. For sharable resources, mutual exclusion: is not required. A monitor is type of: high-level synchronization construct. Part of program, where the shared memory is accessed and which should be executed invisibly, is called: critical section. Which of the following is not one of the principles of dealing with deadlock? Initialization. Deadlock inevitable region can be referred to as a: fatal region. When each process in the set is blocked awaiting for resource seized by another blocked process: it is deadlock. What is not an example of reusable resource? Interrupt. This resource can be created and destroyed: consumable resource. What is NOT an example of consumable resource? Information in I/O buffers. A binary semaphore is a semaphore with integer values (multiple choices): 0 and 1. If more than one user or program attempts to make use of a shared resource at the same time, it may cause the error of: failed mutual exclusion. Mutual exclusion means that: if a process is executing in its critical section, then no other process must be executing in their critical sections. The two kinds of semaphores are: counting, binary. The degree of multi-programming is: the number of processes in memory. The objective of multi-programming is to: maximize CPU utilization (or have process running at all times). Listing the sequence of instructions that are executed is called: trace.  Fixed-length block of data in secondary memory is called: page. A relationship between processes such that each has some part (critical section) which must not be executed while the critical section or another is being executed is known as: mutual exclusion. What is a method of memory allocation by which the program is subdivided into equal portions, or pages and core is subdivided into equal portions or blocks? It is a method of allocating processor time? Paging. The address of a page table in memory is pointed by: page table base register. Operating Systems: Quiz 3 Choose the storage management responsibility for «Many application programs require means for storing information for extended periods of time, after the computer has been powered down»: long-term storage. The principal tool available to system programmers in developing the early multiprogramming and multiuser interactive systems: Interrupt. Utilities are: application programs. Job control language was used to:  provide instructions to the monitor to improve job setup time. The hardware and software used in providing applications to a user can be viewed in a: layered (hierarchical) fashion. The Process Control Block is: data structure. Which one of the following is synchronization tool? Semaphore. What controls the process in a single-threaded process model? Process Control Block (unknown). In the non-blocking send: the sending process the message and resumes operation. The degree of multi-programming is: the number of process in memory. The first fit, best fit and worst fit are strategies to select a: free hole from a set of available holes. For every process there is a: page table. The memory allocation scheme subject to internal fragmentation is: fixed partitioning. In memory systems, boundary registers: track the beginning and the ending of programs. Any program, no matter how small, will occupy an entire partition results in: internal fragmentation. This system handles multiple interactive jobs: multiprogramming batch system. «More than one attempts to make use of a shared resource at the same time». This error is caused by: failed mutual exclusion. «Two or more programs hung up waiting for each other». This error is caused by: deadlocks. «Lost signals, duplicate signals received». This error is caused by: improper synchronization. «The OS as a resource manager» corresponds to the following objective: Efficiency. «The OS as a User/Computer Interface» corresponds to the following objective: Convenience. Choose the storage management responsibility for «Programmers should be able to define program modules and to create, destroy and after the size of modules dynamically»: support of modular programming. Choose the storage management responsibility for «The OS can achieve efficiency by assigning memory to jobs only as needed»: automatic allocation and management. The context of a process in the PCB of a process DOESN’T contain: context switch time. The link between two processes P and Q to send and receive messages is called: communication link. Which of the following state transitions is not possible? Blocked to running. If a page number is not found in the TLB, then it is known as a: TLB miss. If a page table entry is not in a main memory, then it is known as a: page fault. With paging there is no external fragmentation. Fixed-length block of data in secondary memory is called: pages. When the free memory is split into many unconnected pieces we call it: external fragmentation. The address of a page table in memory is pointed by: page table base register. Memory partitioning algorithm that uses binary tree as a data structure is called: Buddy system. First fit is generally faster than best fit (and worst fit). Main memory is broken into fixed-sized blocks called: frames. Which of the following is not true about the memory management? Virtual memory is used only in multi-user systems. The state of a process is defined by: the current activity of the process. What is the ready state of a process? When process is scheduled to run after some execution. What is a medium-term scheduler? It selects which process remove from memory by swapping. What is a short-term scheduler? It selects which process has to be executed next and allocates CPU. What is inter-process communication? Communication between two threads of same process. Mutual exclusion can be provided by the: both. The process index register: contains the index into the process list of process currently controlling the processor. The end user views a computer system in terms of: a set of applications. In operating system each process has its own: all of the mentioned. There were no OS with: serial processing. Inter-process communication: allows processes to communicate and synchronize their actions without using the same address space. A sequence of instructions in a computer language to get the desired result is known as: program. In contiguous memory allocation: each process is contained in a single contiguous section of memory. A system clock generates an interrupts at a rate of approximately every 0.2 seconds. At each clock interrupt regained control and could assign processor to another user. Technique is known as: time slicing. In internal fragmentation, memory is internal to a partition and: is not being used. The operating system maintains a frame table that keeps track of how many frames have been allocated, how many are there and how many are available. The algorithm is slow and may even tend to fill up memory with useless holes: Best fit. Which of the following is false? Internal fragmentation is increased with small pages. Short-term scheduler, or dispatcher, picks a process. Each process in the queue is given some time in turn. The strategy is called: round-robin technique. The limit register: defines the size of the region of memory occupied by the process (in bytes or words). Dispatcher is: small program which switches the processor from one process to another. In operating system each process has its own: all of the mentioned. Process spawning is: creation of child processes. The code that changes the value of the semaphore is: critical section code. Вопросы с Рубежного Контроля The process is in the secondary memory and awaiting an event: Blocked, suspend. In the Ready/Suspend state: the process is available for execution as soon as it is loaded into memory. In the Running state: the process is currently being executed. In the Blocked state: the process cannot execute until some event occurs. In which of these states the process is in secondary memory: blocked/suspend & ready/suspend. In which of these states the process is in main memory: Running, blocked, ready. Identify which state the process will transit: P1 executes a command to read from disk unit 3: Blocked. Identify which state the process will transit: An interrupt occurs from disk unit 1 — P2’s read is complete: Ready. Identify which state the process will transit: P1 time slice expires: Ready. Identify which state the process will transit: P4 terminates: Exit. Identify which state the process will transit: P3 swapped out: Ready/Suspend. Identify which state the process will transit: P2 is chosen by dispatcher: Running. Which of the following is not the state of the process? Old. Which of the following state transitions is not possible? Blocked to running. Suppose that the process is in “Blocked” state waiting for some I/O device. When the service is completed, it goes to the: Ready state. With the use of swapping one other state must be added to the 5-state model: Suspend state. We can characterize the behavior of an individual process by listing the sequence of instructions that execute for that process. Such a listing is referred to as: trace. The state of a process is defined by: the current activity of process. The Process Control Block is: Data Structure. A reason for swapping: processor is so much faster than I/O it will be common for all processes in memory to be waiting for I/O. These tables are used to keep track of both main and secondary memory: Memory tables. A task in a blocked state: is waiting for same temporarily unavailable resources. A program: is a device that performs a sequence of operations specified by instructions in memory. A memory: is a service where information is stored. A processor: is a device where information is stored. The process is in main memory and available for execution: Ready. The OS uses this table to know the location in main memory being used as the source of destination of the input/output transfer: I/O tables. the banker's algorithm is reffered to as: resource allocation denial The code that changes the value of the semaphore is: critical section code Two kinds of semaphores: binary, counting Which of the following condition is required for deadlock to be possible: all of the above A state is safe if: the system can allocate resources to each process in some order and avoid a deadlock When memory is divided into several fixed sized partitions, each partition may contain: · exactly one process Which of the following is not a principle of storage management responsibilities: process termination A solution to the problem of external fragmentation is: compaction In fixed sized partition, the degree of multiprogramming is bounded by: the number of partitions The memory allocation scheme subject to "external" fragmentation is? · segmentation The principal tool available to system programmers in developing the early multiprogramming and multiuser interactive jobs: Interrupt. What is not example of consumable resource? Main memory. A system is in safe state, if: the system can allocate resources to each process in some order and still avoid deadlock. A set of processes is deadlock if: each process is blocked and will remain so forever. With multiprogramming only one process can execute at a time; meanwhile all other processes are waiting for the processor. With multiprocessing more than one process can be running simultaneously each on a different processor. A process can be terminated due to: all of the mentioned (fatal error, normal exit, killed by another process). In a multiprogramming environment: more than one process resides in memory. The principal objective of time-sharing system is to: minimize response time. The process that can be created and destroyed: consumable resource.

PC Architecture (РК1, 2018) Which of the following is correct formula of cost of integrated circuit? Cost of die + Cost of testing die + Cost of packaging and final test/Final Test Yield. Which of the following is correct formula of cost of die? Cost of Wafer/(Dies per Wafer × Die Yield. Which of the following is correct formula of static power? Current (static) × Voltage. Which of the following is correct formula of dynamic energy? Capacitive load × (Voltage in Square). Which of the following is correct formula of CPU time? CPU clock cycles for a program per Clock rate. Which term is used instead of organization? Microarchitecture. What does mean Moore’s Law? Improvement of semiconductor. What does mean SISD? Single Instruction Stream, Single Data Stream. How many elements has Instruction Set Architecture? 7. How many implementation technologies have trends in technology? 5 (Integrated circuit technology, Semiconductor DRAM, Semiconductor Flash, Magnetic Disk Technology and Network Technology). How many aspects cover the word architecture? 3 (instruction set architecture, organization/microachitecture and hardware). How many aspects include high-level aspects of the term organization? 3 (memory system, memory interconnect and the design of internal processor/CPU). What does mean in pipe of microprocessor – “F-D-X-M-W”? Fetch, Decode, Execute, Memory Access, Writeback. How many components of multiprocessor? 4.  Manufacturing costs that decrease over time are the learning curve.  Network performance depends on what? Performance of switches and transmission system.  Learning curve itself is best measured by change in: yield.  Which of the one of trends in technology has performance of switches and transmission system? Network technology.  Which of the following languages are performance-oriented? C and C++.  What is Thread Level Parallelism? Exploits either data-level parallelism or task-level parallelism in a tightly coupled hardware model that allows for interaction among parallel threads.  What is the Instruction Level Parallelism? Exploits data-level parallelism at modest levels with compiler help using ideas like pipelining and at medium levels using ideas like speculative execution.  What does mean Commodities? The product sold by multiple vendors.  Product that are sold by multiple vendors in large volumes and are essentially identical: Commodities.  For CMOS chips, the traditional dominant energy consumption has been in switching transistors called dynamic power/energy.  Which of the following descriptions corresponds for dynamic power? Proportional to the product of the number of switching transistors and the switching rate.  Which of the following descriptions corresponds for static power? Grows proportionally to the transistor count (whether or not the transistors are switching).  Which of the following is NOT increase power consumption? Increasing multithreading. The time between the start and the completion of an event, such as milliseconds for a disk access is: latency.  What does mean TDP at power consumption? Thermal Design Power.  What is the Vector Architectures and Graphic Processor Units (GPU’s)? Exploit data-level parallelism by applying a single instruction to a collection of data in parallel.  How characterized integrated circuit processes? By feature size.  Integrated circuit processes are characterized by the: feature size.  Total amount of work done in a given time such as megabytes per second for disk transfer… throughput.  What mean Conflict? Misses that occur because of collisions due to less than full associativity.  What does mean Capacity? Cache is too small to hold all data needed by program, occur even under perfect replacement policy.  (Performance for entire task using the enhancement when possible)/(Performance for entire task without using the enhancement) equals to: Speedup.  Choose the strategy of Seventh Optimization: Merging Write Buffer to Reduce Miss Penalty.  Choose the Eleventh Optimization: None of them.  What does mean “set” in cache memory? Group of blocks.  What does mean “block” in cache memory? Multiple words.  What does mean n-way set associative? N blocks in set.  What does mean SDRAM? Synchronous DRAM.  What does mean “tag” in cache memory? Memory allocation address (?)  What is the cycle time? The minimum time between requests to memory.  What is the access time? Time between when a read is requested and when the desired word arrives.  Volume is a second key factor in determining cost.  What is Name dependence? Name dependence occurs when two instructions use the same register or memory location.  Total amount of work done in a given time, such as megabytes per second for disk transfer… bandwidth/throughput.  What is the Request Level Parallelism? Exploits parallelism among largely decoupled tasks specified by the programmer or operating system.  When does output dependence occur? When I and instruction J write the same register or memory location.  In parallelism have three different types of dependences, tagging him: data dependences, name dependences, control dependences.  The simplest and most common way to increase the ILP to exploit parallelism among iterations of a loop. How is often called? Loop-level parallelism.  Integrated circuits processes are characterized by the: feature size.  What is the PMD in computer classes? Personal Mobile Device.  Which type of following optimization of cache is true of improvement temporal locality to reduce misses? Eighth optimization.  Which type of following optimization of cache is true of improvement temporal locality to reduce misses? Eighth optimization.  How many elements have flavor of prefetch? 2.  Choose the strategy of Seventh Optimization: Merging Write Buffer to Reduce Miss Penalty.  Choose the Eleventh Optimization: None of them.  How works a write-back cache in the Cache? Updates the copy.  What does mean sequential interleaving? Spread the addresses of the block sequentially across the bank.  What types of prefetch has tenth optimization? Register and cache.  How many set has a fully associative at Cache Memory? Only one.  How many times use cycle time in memory technology and optimizations? Min time.  Which type of measures has memory latency? Access and cycle time.  Which type of microprocessor architecture has superscalar classification? In order and out of order.  On what type of blocks on a miss has processor fetches? Data block and the next allocation block.  How many categorize has superscalar processor? Only two.  What does mean (DIMMs) of DRAM’s technology? Dual inline memory modules.  Are the technologies same of the SRAM and DRAM memories? (?) PC Architecture (РК2, 2018) What does mean “PTX” of GPU ISA? Parallel thread execution What does mean a set scalar register? Register can also provide data as input to the vector functional units. What does mean “CUDA”? Computer unified device architecture Execution time of sequence of vector operations primarily depends on how many factors? 3 What does mean vector functional unit? Each unit is fully pipelined and each vector holds 64 elements, each 64 bits wide. What does mean “start-up time” of VMIPS? The most important source of overhead ignored by the chime model How many reasons allow independent accesses vector processor use memory banks? 3 What does mean “MVL”? Maximum vector length What does mean loop carried dependencies? Vectorising compilers also rely on a lack of dependencies between iterations of loop What does mean GCD? Greatest common divisor What does mean a Grid? The code that runs on a GPU The correct formula of “Bank busy time” that greater than? Number of banks per least common multiple(Stride, number pf banls) What does mean “VLR”? Vector length register What does mean Vector register? Each vector is a fixedlength bank holding a single vector How called the system processor, which can read or write GPU memory? Host How many primary components of the ISA have VMIPS? 4 How many variations have SIMD? 3 How called technique where the vector is longer that the maximum length? Strip mining In real program the length of a particular vector operation is often ____ at compile time? Unknown What does mean Vector load/store unit? The vector memory unit loads or stores a vector to or from memory. What is the Reducing the Miss Rate? Compiler optimization Why we use Error Correction codes? To detect and correct errors in memory and registers A simple and sufficient test for the absence of a dependence is? The greatest common divisor What vector controls vector mask? Boolean What means GDRAM? Graphics DRAM To achieve high performance GPU requires? Substantial memory bandwidth On what elements consists set of GPU? Thread blocks How many levels have GPU hardware of hardware schedulers? 2 How determine “start-up time” of VMIPS? By pipelining latency of the vector functional unit What does mean Arithmetic intensity? Ratio of floating-point operation per byte of memory accessed

Примечание: полноценная база находится в Subjects, включающая в себя вопросы с картинками и все вопросы, которые указаны в этом модуле. ▼SDP-11: Mid-Term Preparation. Focuses on the degree of equality or inequality between people within society in the country — this description is true for PDI Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension. Do one thing at a time, Concentrate on the job, Take time commitments seriously, Are committed to the job — these characteristics are more tend to: Monochronic. The Three C’s of Intrinsic Motivation: Collaboration, Content, Choice. The words ‘Expressive, Candid, Dialogue, Seeking to understand, Listens, Reasonable’ correspond to the following style of communication: Assertive. The words ‘Forceful, Bombastic, In Your Face, Intimidating, Monopolizing’ correspond to the following style of communication: Aggressive. The words ‘Submissive, Timid, Quiet, Reluctant to speak, Reactive’ correspond to the following style of communication: Passive. What does Proxemics study? How people use and perceive the physical space around them. “Determining whether the problem you are defining is a root cause” is related to the following step of Decision Making: Frame Decision. What are the levels of interaction size? One on one, small team, large team, across teams, organizational.  Flatter organizations. Supervisors and employees are considered almost as equals — according to these characteristics we can conclude that this society has: Low PDI Index. What is the least influencing factor in interaction process according to the first lecture? Culture. “Participants asked to pull on rope. The more people in the group, the more individual efforts decreased” — which team problem is described above? Social loafing.  What is the key interaction for this course among human interaction examples? Decision Making.  RAPID (in decision making) states for: Recommend, Agree, Perform, Input, Decide.  Focuses on the importance a society places on the masculine or feminine behavior: MAS.  Which of the given is not a type of Non Verbal Communication (NVC)? Verbal Communication. Smallest size capable of performing task effectively. In this sentence true or false? True.  What is social loafing? People exert less effort in group than on own.  Body language is a form of non-verbal communication consisting of: body pose, gestures and eye movements.  High value placed on people’s time and their need for privacy and freedom. An enjoyment of challenges, and an expectation of individual rewards for hard work. Respect for privacy — according to this characteristics we can conclude that this society has: High IDV index.  Shared vision, team functions independently, focus on over-achieving goals, high degree of autonomy: Performing Phase.  What are the steps of Decision Making? Frame decision, devise a plan, carry out the plan, reflection.  High dependence on leader, little agreement on goals, unclear roles and responsibilities, lack of processes, team members test boundaries: Forming Phase.  “80/20 Rule” is used in the following Decision-Making technique? Pareto Analysis.  What does Haptic communication mean? How people and other animals communicate via touching.  The following characteristics of team performance are more likely to testify about: Difficulties with decision making, team members compete for position, some increase in clarity of purpose, cliques and factions form: Storming phase. What are the essential conditions for successful team performance? Productivity, Cohesion, Learning, Integration.  Do many things at once, Are highly distractible and subject to interruptions, Consider an objective to be achieved, if possible, Are committed to people and human relationships – these characteristics are more tend to Polychronic person.  According to the following personality characteristics: relationship-oriented, “big picture” people, prefer a faster-paced atmosphere, gather information verbally, like to brainstorm and collaborate — this person more likely to be a: Socializer.  What are the phases of Bruce Tuckman’s Phases of Group Development? Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing.  MBTI personality style ESTJ is stated for: Extraverted, Sensing, Thinking, Judging.  Many social conventions, People are expressive and are allowed to show anger or emotions, if necessary: a high energy society, if people feel that they are in control of their life instead of feeling overwhelmed by life’s vagaries — this characteristics describes a society with: High UAI index.  According to Edward T. Hall how many levels of personal reaction exist? 4.  What are three methods of motivation others (which are more likely to work on long period of time)? Fear, Positive Reinforcement, Personal Growth.  What does Chronometrics study? How people use the time.  How can we finish this sample equation in context of increasing people performance? Job Performance = Ability x Motivation.  Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs comprised of the following: self-actualization, esteem, belonging, safety, physiological.  7%-38%-55% Principle means that (не видно ответов): 7% - words; 38% - voice, tone; 55% - body language.  What are the types of communication style? Aggressive, Passive, Assertive.  Myers-Briggs Type Inventory (MBTI test) is based on the following Basic Personality Areas? Extroverted or introverted, sensing or intuitive, thinking or feeling, judging or perceiving.  If we examine ‘gentlemanly’ as an artificial culture to which level of culture onion will sir Don Quixote of La Mancha refer? No answer yet.  According to Maslow’s hierarchy of Needs we have need to family and acceptance within a group at level (from bottom to top): 3.  Focuses on the degree the society embraces or does not embrace long-term devotion to traditional, forward-thinking values — this description is true for LTO Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions.  What are the components of Culture in accordance with Hofstede’s onion model? Values, Rituals, Heroes, Symbols.  Platinum Rule theory is based on the following Basic Personality Areas: Director, Socializer, Thinker, Relater.  According to Leigh L. Thompson research the integrated model of successful team performance comprised of the following: Team Context, Essential Conditions, Team Performance.  Hofstede’s Culture Dimensions consist of the following: PDI, IDV, MAS, UAI, LTO.  What are the course assignments? Exercises, Role-Plays, Video-Analysis, Essays.  What are 5 dysfunctions of a learn? Trust, Conflict, Commitment, Accountability, Results.  When you provide a feedback, what rules you should follow? Balance positive and negative; Be specific and nonjudgmental; Provide suggestions and guidance; Be timely.  College students listen to about 50% of what is said and remember 25% of the content after 2 days: True.  What are the goals of this course? Improve skills in: communication, conflict resolution, leadership, negotiations, teamwork, situation analysis and decision making.  How many Role-Plays the students will complete in this course? 5.  Extra questions:   Multiple Choice Question: 38% is delivered through the nonverbal communication – No. 38% is delivered through the speakers tone – Yes. 55% of the message comes from nonverbal communication – Yes. 7% is delivered through the nonverbal communication – No. 55% of the message is delivered through the speakers tone – No.    What are three factors that mostly influence nonverbal communication?   People’s behavior – Yes. Environment – Yes. Motivation – No. Interaction size – No. Context – Yes.   When you receive a feedback what areas you should pay your attention to?   The form of feedback: written or spoken — Yes. Specific details – Yes. Advice for improvement – Yes. The job position of the person who provided the feedback – No. The time when you get it – No.   Please, match the influencing factors:   Environment: Moderate. Culture: Low. Communication Style: High. Personality Type: Moderate. Motivation: High.    What is the optimal group size? 4-7.  The factors influenced Motivation are classified as: intrinsic; extrinsic;     ▼SDP11: Endterm preparation. According to TKI we can define the following Collaborative Negotiation styles as: Win-Win. According to TKI we can define the following Accommodating Negotiation styles as: Lose-Win. According to TKI we can define the following Avoiding Negotiation styles as: Lose-Lose. According to TKI we can define the following Competitive Negotiation styles: Win-Lose. What are the sign of Social Capital? People learn things more quickly. In stress situation “Relator” inclines to: Approval seeking. Please select D-role people in RAPID: Decision Approver. What is not a focus of Leadership? Controlling and Problem Solving. Social Capital equals: the relationships that make organizations work effectively. RAPID states for: Recommend, Agree, Perform, Input, Decide. Internal, External, Helpful, Harmful are the factors of the following Decision-Making Technique: SWOT. What is the Bargaining Power? Ability to achieve good outcomes.  At this stage the involved parties can often be hostile towards one another. Interactions, when they take place, are very negative. To which step of conflict escalation does this sentence refer? Crisis.  This stage involves a sudden, brief occurrence that upsets the people involved. To which step of conflict escalation does this sentence refer? Incidents.  Mediation used for more formal, more complex conflicts such as legal matters, grievances, diplomatic affairs, etc. states for the following level of Mediation of Conflict: Professional.  Taking actions to address conflict before it escalates to a crisis states for the following level of Mediation of Conflict: Preventive.  What does Mediation mean? Mediation refers to a process of resolving conflicts between two or more parties.  Preventive level of Conflict resolution requires automatic skills.  The description: “ — demanding style; — uses top-down decision making;” corresponds to which Leadership style? Coaching (Coesive).  80/20 Rule is used in the following Decision-Making Technique: Pareto Analysis.  Conflict strategy “Compromise” can be described as following: in the middle between two others.  Conflict strategy “Fight” can be described as following: Win-Lose.  Leadership is about dealing with: Change.  The description: — sets high standards and leads by example; — wants to do things better and faster; corresponds to which Leadership style? Pacesetting.  What is Fight-or-Flight? Physiological response to perceived threat.  What are basic types of mediation? Preventive, Self, Managerial, Professional.  What key human interaction does Conflict look like? Negotiation (ne tochno).  Resolving a conflict on the rights level is less expensive, less time consuming and resource intense, generally less emotionally charged, more likely to result in a solution that satisfies both sides.  Conflict comprises on the following stages: Discomfort, Incident, Misunderstanding, Tension, Crisis.  Given description of the way a person makes the decision as —social and responsive; —decides quickly; —can charge direction of decision; To which decision-making style can it be related? Flexible.  Given description of the way a person makes the decision as —intellectual; —analytical; —focused; —expect others to contribute to decisions; —decisions are final; To which decision-making style can it be related? Hierarchic.  Unfolding circumstances – on which step should be done this action (OODA loop steps)? Observe.  Which of this decision-making styles requires more information and focuses on one option? Hierarchic.  How many stages or “passages” at Leadership pipeline model? 6.  What is a Leadership Pipeline? Transition model for leaders’ success in organization.  Management is about dealing with: complexity (ne tochno, no vozmozhno, chto “change” otvet).  What is a vision? It is a realistic, convincing and attractive depiction of where you want to be in the future.  Imagine a case: “Person A selling a house”. What would be his/her aspiration and reservation here? Preferred or target price seller would like to receive and Lowest price seller will accept.  What are negotiation outcomes we have discussed on lectures? Transaction costs, Satisfaction with outcomes, Effect on the relationship, Recurrence of disputes and Procedural justice.  What is an example of aspiration? The preferred model of PC you are looking for.  What does BATNA stand for? Best Alternative to Negotiating an Agreement.  This ego-state is part of our psyche, our personality, which expresses the image of our true self, the potential of the individual, its balance, integrity and vitality, immediate self expression the ability to find a way out of any situation, acceptance and openness to the world: child.  What kinds of ego-states differentiate the Transactional Analysis? Child, Parent, Adult.  In stress situation “Director” inclines to: controlling.  In stress situation “Relator” inclines to: approval seeking.  In stress situation “Socializer” inclines to: attention getting.  In stress situation “Thinker” inclines to: perfectionism.  “Committing to retention” is one of the ways to increase: social capital.  What is not an example of Stakeholder? Project manager.  Which of the decision-making styles requires more information and focuses multiple options? Integrative.