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In the past, when a person started a job, they would generally remain in that same job for several decades – a job was considered ‘for life’. It gave the worker a sense of security knowing that they would always have an income (money coming in) as long as they performed the tasks their employer asked of them. Today the concept of work is shifting from ‘Where do you work?’ to ‘For whom do you work?’ and ‘What do you do?’. In many industries, the routine of a working day starting at 9 am and finishing at 5 pm is long gone. This routine has been replaced with almost 24/7 access to everything and everyone. Computers, the Internet and smart phones have made it possible for people to stay connected with their social and work networks no matter what the time. With increased connectedness come benefits such as greater flexibility to work the hours that suit individuals’ lifestyles and the possibility of working remotely (i.e. from home, or another location away from the office). However, it is also not uncommon for employers to expect workers to be available to deal with work matters outside of their normal working hours. In some fields there appears to be an employer expectation that employees will work harder and longer than they have done in the past. For the Australian labour force, like elsewhere throughout the world, employment for life is a thing of the past. Employment is becoming less secure, and work that involves low-level skills is less common. It is being replaced by work that requires a greater level of skill and knowledge, especially in light of the rapid technological advances that have taken place over the past 20 years and which continue to shape the modern work environment. Technology is just one of the key factors that influence the world of work. Other influences include the health of the economy, employer and employee expectations, consumer demands, and globalisation. In this chapter, we will explore these various influences on the way people work today and how they may work in the future.